The geomorphologic forcing of wild boars     

Luca Mauri  Lorenzo Sallustio  Paolo Tarolli 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(10):2085-2094

Among the main invasive species, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) is the most responsible for soil degradation in Europe and many Italian regions. At the same time, the stable presence of this species in agricultural areas has induced a conflict with humans, causing economic losses, environmental degradation and also social issues. A clear quantification of the potential damages (in terms of soil bioturbation) of this species at large scale is, however, still obscure. The purpose of this research is to analyse the role of wild boars as a geomorphologic agent, presenting a general diagnostic framework regarding the geomorphic impact of this species, classifying and mapping potential sediment hotspots and their likely connection to rivers and road networks. Accordingly, a record of wild boar damage types is first presented, and their possible interaction with hydrological and geomorphological processes is described. Then, a pilot case study is discussed on mapping and quantifying wild boar damages in a hilly agricultural landscape located in northeast Italy. The wild boar damages were geolocalized using a geographical positioning system (GPS) in two years of intensive field campaigns among agricultural fields involved in wild boar damaging activities. For each damaged area (total 406), several measures of soil erosion depth were taken and the degradation surface of interest mapped for a total of 10 150 measures. The volume of removed soil was then estimated, considering the average depth of damages previously recorded. Finally, the Index of Connectivity was applied to provide a classification of the considered damages based on their connection to both river and road networks. The results indicate that the ongoing uncontrolled wild boar expansion may not affect crops only or be a risk for people, but can also increase soil erosion, with a potential connection to hydrographic networks and human infrastructures. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Differences in preferential flow with antecedent moisture conditions and soil texture: Implications for subsurface P transport   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kirsten N. Grant  Merrin L. Macrae  Genevieve A. Ali 《水文研究》2019,33(15):2068-2079

Preferential flowpaths transport phosphorus (P) to agricultural tile drains. However, if and to what extent this may vary with soil texture, moisture conditions, and P placement is poorly understood. This study investigated (a) interactions between soil texture, antecedent moisture conditions, and the relative contributions of matrix and preferential flow and (b) associated P distributions through the soil profile when fertilizers were applied to the surface or subsurface. Brilliant blue dye was used to stain subsurface flowpaths in clay and silt loam plots during simulated rainfall events under wet and dry conditions. Fertilizer P was applied to the surface or via subsurface placement to plots of different soil texture and moisture condition. Photographs of dye stains were analysed to classify the flow patterns as matrix dominated or macropore dominated, and soils within plots were analysed for their water‐extractable P (WEP) content. Preferential flow occurred under all soil texture and moisture conditions. Dye penetrated deeper into clay soils via macropores and had lower interaction with the soil matrix, compared with silt loam soil. Moisture conditions influenced preferential flowpaths in clay, with dry clay having deeper infiltration (92 ± 7.6 cm) and less dye–matrix interaction than wet clay (77 ± 4.7 cm). Depth of staining did not differ between wet (56 ± 7.2 cm) and dry (50 ± 6.6 cm) silt loam, nor did dominant flowpaths. WEP distribution in the top 10 cm of the soil profile differed with fertilizer placement, but no differences in soil WEP were observed at depth. These results demonstrate that large rainfall events following drought conditions in clay soil may be prone to rapid P transport to tile drains due to increased preferential flow, whereas flow in silt loams is less affected by antecedent moisture. Subsurface placement of fertilizer may minimize the risk of subsurface P transport, particularily in clay.  相似文献   

一种综合评价内蒙中西部地区农业气候资源的有效方法     

杨凤瑞  孟艳静  高桂芹  许彦慧  高玲 《内蒙古气象》2010,(6):38-41

利用DTOPSIS法对内蒙中西部地区的农业气候资源进行综合评估,结果表明,内蒙中西部地区农业气候资源整体水平按优劣可依次分为3个区:东部鄂尔多斯市为温和干旱—半干旱气候区,南部乌海市为温暖干旱区,北部巴彦淖尔市则为温暖干旱——极干旱区,农业气候资源呈现东部优于南、北部地区。  相似文献   

全球农情遥感速报系统20年   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴炳方  张淼  曾红伟  闫娜娜  张鑫  邢强  常胜 《遥感学报》2019,23(6):1053-1063

面向国家粮食安全的重大战略需求,1998年中国科学院建立了"中国农情遥感速报系统"(CropWatch),持续运行20年后,现已发展成为"全球农情遥感速报系统"(CropWatch)。本文重点论述了2013年建立参与式全球农情遥感监测云平台(CropWatch-Cloud)以来,所采用的农情监测体系、可定制的农情监测云平台理念以及CropWatch-Cloud在国内外的应用推广情况,介绍了技术方法与农情信息服务方式的创新与进步带来的国际影响力的提升。系统总结了全球农情遥感速报系统发展的农情监测指标、农情预警能力、作物长势综合监测方法以及众源数据支持的作物面积监测方法,论文进一步阐述了CropWatch未来的发展方向,借助众源地理信息、大数据技术等的发展,打通从地块—村—镇—县—市—省—国家—全球的体系化全链条监测,满足从农户到政府决策部门对农情信息的差异化需求。  相似文献   

微观区域农户种植业生产效率研究     

刘军华  何雪雯  朱文璠  张永辉 《地域研究与开发》2019,38(1):144-147,169

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农业生产转型类型诊断及其对乡村振兴的启示——以黄淮海地区为例     

戈大专  周礼  龙花楼  乔伟峰  李裕瑞 《地理科学进展》2019,38(9):1329-1339

城乡转型发展背景下,农业生产转型成为解析区域乡村人地关系演变的重要窗口。科学诊断中国传统农区农业生产转型的类型及其存在的核心问题,可为调控农业生产政策和完善乡村发展战略提供参考。论文以中国传统农区黄淮海地区为例,以农业生产转型的类型划分为突破口,系统诊断不同农业生产转型类型面临的困境及其破解方案。研究发现：“自上而下”和“自下而上”相结合的多尺度分析法是分析农业生产转型阶段差异的有效手段;空间弹性视角下,黄淮海地区农业生产转型类型可以划分为传统农耕型、现代市场型和城郊休闲型3类;传统农耕型地区耕地利用转型与农业劳动力转型的失调、缺乏核心产业支撑及实际城镇化率较低是限制乡村有序转型的关键问题;现代市场型地区不合理的土地利用状态和小农户的有效组织是当前亟需突破的难题;城郊休闲型地区完善农户的市场参与方式和降低资本风险是当前必须考虑的问题;针对各转型类型的差异化问题因地制宜科学施策,有利于推动乡村振兴战略的落实。  相似文献   

Muck and Magic: A Resilience Lens on Organic Conversions as Transformation     

Thomas James  Katrina Brown 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(2):133-149

Transformation creates space to consider the profound changes necessary for society to pursue just and sustainable social-ecological systems. Transformation involves profound and complex change, yet there are few empirical studies that analyze transformation across multiple spheres of a social-ecological system. This article aims to address this gap by applying a resilience lens to analyze transformation as a component of UK farmers’ conversions of farmland from conventional to organic status. Transformation is identified as profound shifts in farmer understanding and management of soil fertility. The analysis finds that these transformations involve interplay between changes and scalar processes across political, practical, and personal spheres of transformation. Changes in the political sphere contradictorily drive, enable, and constrain transformation across political, practical, and personal spheres. We conclude that the empirical resilience analysis of transformation across spheres of a social-ecological system generates insights into the critical processes and changes necessary for society to pursue sustainable futures.  相似文献   

中国沙产业研究评述   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王岳  刘学敏  哈斯额尔敦  夏方禹娃 《中国沙漠》2019,39(4):27-34

沙产业是沙漠地区生态保护、经济发展和人民脱贫致富等多重目标结合的产物。经过30余年的理论研究和生产实践,已初步形成了比较完整的理论框架,但对其未来发展的研究仍存在很大分歧。汇总研究了沙产业概念自诞生至今的理论演进过程,发现早期沙产业理论多强调大农业属性,而随着地区产业结构的优化和沙产业项目的综合化发展,现已拓展至工业生产和服务业领域。沙产业的概括特征为:(1)生产活动主要发生在沙漠干旱地区;(2)使用高新科学技术是首要标志;(3)除农产品外,相关的工业和服务业产品也属于沙产业的产品;(4)要实现生态建设产业化、产业发展生态化,最终达到经济效益、生态效益、社会效益的协调。沙产业是实现沙漠治理的根本方法,是传统农业的重要补充,也是全球干旱化趋势下的重要应对方案。促进沙产业发展,对于沙漠地区经济发展、生态文明建设、人民福祉提高都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

广州智慧农业气象服务平台设计与实现北大核心          下载免费PDF全文

欧善国  彭晓丹  凌洋 《气象科学》2022,42(2):270-278

基于国家对农业信息化数字农业发展要求,以及广州都市农业发展需求分析,探讨了广州智慧农业气象服务平台构建策略、建设规划,重点探讨通过可视化建模方式,以及通用算法和集合算法,方便业务人员自行构建农业气象业务应用模型;采用CiteSpace技术构建农业气象知识图谱,实现“惠农”AI互动;通过Scrapy网络爬虫技术、Spark ML卷积神经网络算法,实现病虫害图像识别与趋势分析;应用基于GIS二三位一体化技术实现精细化的气候资源区划、气象灾害风险区划;采用Web系统与微信混合式服务方式,提供多个特色农业气象服务。旨在以平台为载体,通过农业气象智能化信息化建设,推进粤港澳大湾区“菜篮子”工程建设,推动农村产业规模和科技创新发展,促进农村一二三产业融合发展,实现农业生产风险有效转移,有效保障广州都市农业发展。  相似文献