Building an indigenous evidence-base for tribally-led habitat conservation policies     

《Marine Policy》2015

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Assessing mammal responses to perturbations in temperate aridlands of Argentina     

S. Tabeni  R. A. Ojeda   《Journal of Arid Environments》2003,55(4):715-726

Loss of species richness and reduced abundance have been the main responses to perturbations of small- and medium-sized mammals in arid and semi-arid areas. Nonetheless, some mammal species whose habitat requirements are met in disturbed patches may benefit from structural changes in the environment brought about by perturbations.In desert areas of Argentina different mammal responses are attributable to both a lower complexity of disturbed patches and a decrease in sheltered places. Therefore, species associated with high plant cover either decrease in number or become locally extinct at sites affected by fire or grazing, whereas species using open areas are favored by these events.The negative effects historically assigned to different disturbances may be mitigated by adopting a hierarchical approach that considers patch diversity in different successional stages as well as the multiple opportunities of patch occupation by mammal species.  相似文献   

Eco‐physiological repercussions of dietary arachidonic acid in cell membranes of active tissues of the Gray whale     

Javier Caraveo‐Patiño  Yiqun Wang  Luis A. Soto  Kebreab Ghebremeskel  Catherine Lehane  Michael A. Crawford 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(4):437-447

The radiation of the mammalian land species that became the baleen whales happened about 27–34 Mya. Mammals require omega 6 fatty acids for reproduction. With this long exposure to the omega 3‐rich marine food chain, the Gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) might be expected to have lost its requirement for omega 6 fatty acids. We report an unexpectedly high content of omega 6 arachidonic acid (ArA) in the Gray whale liver and muscle lipids. This whale migrates 10,000 km from the cold polar, omega 3 oil‐rich food chain to that of the breeding lagoons of the tropical waters. The food web of tropical waters is a source of omega 6 fatty acids, which are hardly present in the cold polar food web. We suggest the reason for this longest of migrations from cold to warm waters is to meet the requirement for omega 6 fatty acids for mammalian reproduction and brain growth. This extreme conservation of omega 6 fatty acids in Gray whale biology has critical implications for mammalian biology and especially for whale conservation.  相似文献   

A preliminary assessment of threats to arctic marine mammals and their conservation in the coming decades     

Henry P. Huntington 《Marine Policy》2009

Over the next several decades, arctic marine mammals will face threats from six areas of human influence: climate change, environmental contaminants, offshore oil and gas activities, shipping, hunting, and commercial fisheries. This paper reviews these factors, the nature and magnitude of the threats they pose, current scientific understanding and management of those threats, and the potential for effective conservation action. Climate change, offshore oil and gas activities, and commercial fisheries likely pose the greatest threats. Addressing the combined effects of all six factors, however, will be particularly difficult but essential to prevent declines beyond those that have already occurred.  相似文献   

Screening of Mercury and Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Long-Finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melas) in the Faroe Islands     

Maria Dam  Dorete Bloch 《Marine pollution bulletin》2000,40(12):1090-1099

Results of mercury and organochlorine analyses in pooled muscle and blubber samples representing in all 417 long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) sampled in 1997 in the Faroe Islands are presented. The 28 pooled muscle samples from (in all) 9 pods were analysed for total mercury and the same number of pooled blubber samples were analysed for PCB (IUPAC CBs no. 28, 52, 99, 101, 105, 118, 128, 138, 153, 170, 180, 183 and 187), p,p′-DDT and metabolites and o,p′-DDT and metabolites, cis () and trans (γ)-chlordane, cis- and trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, mirex, hexachlorobenzene, β-HCH and toxaphene (Parlars no. 26 (T2), 32, 50 (T12), 62 (T20) and 69.  相似文献   

Late Pleistocene (MIS 3–4) climate inferred from micromammal communities and δO of rodents from Les Pradelles,France     

Aurélien Royer  Christophe Lécuyer  Sophie Montuire  Gilles Escarguel  François Fourel  Alan Mann  Bruno Maureille 《Quaternary Research》2013

The middle Paleolithic stratigraphic sequence of Les Pradelles (Charente, France) spans from the end of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 until the middle of MIS 3. Micromammal remains are present in all the stratigraphic levels, offering a rare opportunity to address the questions of both environmental and climatic fluctuations throughout this period. Climate modes were studied through the taphonomy, biodiversity and oxygen isotope compositions of phosphate (δ¹⁸O_p) from 66 samples of rodent tooth enamel. The δ¹⁸O_p values from the lower sedimentary levels provide summer mean air temperatures of 19 ± 2°C (level 2/1) and of 16 ± 2°C (levels 2A, 2B and 4A). Within the middle of sequence (level 4B), a paleobiodiversity change can be identified with an increase of Dicrostonyx torquatus, which is associated with the largest amplitude in δ¹⁸O_p values and the highest maximal δ¹⁸O_p values. At the top of the sequence (level 5-2), a biodiversity change is observed with the increase of Microtus arvalis, but without any change in δ¹⁸O_p values. The association of cold rodent species with unexpected high and large amplitudes in the δ¹⁸O_p values of their teeth, possibly indicative of aridity, suggests their deposition during a Heinrich event.  相似文献   

中国辽宁中华侏罗兽的发现代表早期哺乳动物演化的一个新里程碑     

季强  袁崇喜  王旭日 《地球学报》2012,33(5):715-720

真兽类哺乳动物是现代最为丰富多彩的哺乳动物类群,其起源和早期演化是国际科学界高度关注的科学问题之一。中国辽宁中侏罗世髫髻山组产出的中华侏罗兽是目前世界上发现的最古老的真兽类哺乳动物,代表了早期哺乳动物演化的一个新里程碑。研究表明,中华侏罗兽的发现将以前国际上的白垩纪化石记录提前了3500万年,填补了早期哺乳动物演化的化石记录间隔,帮助校正了现代基于DNA方法研究的哺乳动物演化历史,并与基于DNA方法测定的真兽类哺乳动物起源时间的研究结果相吻合,为哺乳动物演化历史建立了以化石为标准点的新标尺。中华侏罗兽的精确年龄有助于确定真兽类哺乳动物与其它哺乳动物,如后兽亚纲(它们的后代包括有袋类,如袋鼠)和单孔类(如鸭嘴兽),分异发展的时间。  相似文献   

Filling the gaps one at a time: The Gully Marine Protected Area in Eastern Canada. A response to Agardy, Notarbartolo di Sciara and Christie     

Maxine C. Westhead  Derek G. FentonTanya A. Koropatnick  Paul A. MacnabHilary B. Moors 《Marine Policy》2012,36(3):713-715

In a recently published paper, Agardy et al. [Mind the gap: addressing the shortcomings of marine protected areas through large scale marine spatial planning. Marine Policy 2011;35:226-32] discuss the shortcomings of several Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) including the Gully MPA, located 200 km offshore Nova Scotia, Canada. Although the paper's critical assessment of MPA effectiveness was welcomed, the Gully MPA received an out-of-date profile resulting in an erroneous analysis of current protection levels. This short communication has been written to set the record straight.  相似文献   

The first African Marine Mammal Colloquium,South Africa,May 2010     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):349-351

The African Marine Mammal Colloquium (AMMC) was initiated to provide a platform for increased collaboration and communication between researchers working on marine mammals in and around Africa. The first meeting of the AMMC was held at Kleinbaai, South Africa, in May 2010. Talks were presented by each of the 48 participants and a number of discussion groups were held. Several countries were represented but most presentations and discussions were centred on research within the host country. In all, 13 papers that were based on presentations at the AMMC were selected after peer-review to appear in a special issue of the African Journal of Marine Science. Its theme, ‘Conservation biology of marine mammals in the southern African subregion’, reflects both the geographical area represented in these papers and their common subject.  相似文献   

Monitoring ship noise to assess the impact of coastal developments on marine mammals     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,78(1-2):85-95

The potential impacts of underwater noise on marine mammals are widely recognised, but uncertainty over variability in baseline noise levels often constrains efforts to manage these impacts. This paper characterises natural and anthropogenic contributors to underwater noise at two sites in the Moray Firth Special Area of Conservation, an important marine mammal habitat that may be exposed to increased shipping activity from proposed offshore energy developments. We aimed to establish a pre-development baseline, and to develop ship noise monitoring methods using Automatic Identification System (AIS) and time-lapse video to record trends in noise levels and shipping activity. Our results detail the noise levels currently experienced by a locally protected bottlenose dolphin population, explore the relationship between broadband sound exposure levels and the indicators proposed in response to the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive, and provide a ship noise assessment toolkit which can be applied in other coastal marine environments.  相似文献