塔里木盆地南缘策勒绿洲荒漠大气降尘特征     

徐立帅  郑伟  郑新倩  贺鹏  刘立文 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2018,12(4):58-64

为查明绿洲及周围荒漠区不同下垫面对大气降尘的影响,观测了塔里木盆地南缘策勒绿洲外部的戈壁、绿洲-沙漠过渡带,绿洲内部农田和县城的大气降尘,分析了降尘量和粒度的时空分布特征。结果表明:戈壁、过渡带、农田和县城4种下垫面年降尘量分别为554.23、761.75、1867.46g·m~(-2)和2 688.14 g·m~(-2),不同季节4种下垫面降尘量呈非线性关系,县城降尘量是农田的1.47倍,与其他下垫面差异随季节波动较大;夏季和秋季4种下垫面降尘众数粒径均为79.62μm,冬季和春季农田和县城众数粒径下降至70.96μm,戈壁冬季众数粒径增大到89.34μm,但4种下垫面降尘平均粒径、分选性、偏态和峰态无明显规律性;戈壁降尘呈明显的双峰分布,农田和县城双峰分布不明显;冬季和春季农田和县城降尘粒度分布曲线的峰值小于戈壁和过渡带,夏季和秋季4种下垫面峰值变化无规律。从降尘量和粒度的时空变化特征可以推测,植被盖度和小气候的季节变化导致不同下垫面降尘量呈非线性关系,粗糙下垫面的机械阻挡作用主要促进了小于50μm的粉尘沉降,小气候效应主要促进了20～100μm的粉尘沉降,研究结果还需更多野外实验进行验证。  相似文献   

复播油葵栽培方式及小气候特征试验研究     

陈丛敏  贾全堂黄艳 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2004,27(1):20-21

通过复播油葵不同栽培方式及小气候特征的试验研究，得出起垄沟播较对照发育期进程、生长量、地温、节水均效果显著。  相似文献   

基于三维模型的城市局地微气候模拟     

郑子豪  陈颖彪  千庆兰  李勇  谢锦鹏 《地球信息科学学报》2016,18(9):1199-1208

随着城市化进程的不断深入,城市热岛效应及其所引发的一系列环境问题日趋严重,本文尝试性地将新兴三维建模技术与微气候模拟相结合应用于城市局地微气候研究,以期获得的模拟数据及模型能够帮助城市管理者提供改善城市微气候质量的有效途径。本文选定珠江新城西区为研究区域,以规则建模手段构建城市三维模型,总结微气候模拟的相关子模型,并利用局地微气候模拟软件对研究区进行温度、湿度、风速、风向等气候要素的模拟,最后将二者的结果整合进行可视化展示。微气候模拟结果结合目标区域三维模型,能够直观地分析出建筑高度、密度和布局对目标区域城市微气候分布状况的影响,并提出相应的改善建议与规划策略。该方法克服了以往微气候研究局限于实地测量与单纯依靠过往气象数据的不足。规则建模对城市建筑布局、结构方面的具体呈现与ENVI-met在微气候分布模拟的结合,使城市局地微气候研究可以逐渐与三维建模相结合的方向发展,为不同地区的城市规划与微气候模拟研究提供了新思路与辅助决策工具。在城市建筑结构、布局对城市微气候的影响研究上也提供了更直观的可视化效果。  相似文献   

海岸沙地防护林的小气候效应   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

谢平  李燕 《中国沙漠》2001,21(1):93-96

对广东省湛江市东海岛海岸沙地防护林林内与林外的光照、温度、湿度及风速等气象因子进行对比观测,结果表明,防护林林内光照强度减弱、温度变化缓和、湿度增加、风速减小,小气候效应显著,改善了海岸沙地的生态环境。  相似文献   

岷江上游山地森林生态气候效应   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张一平  何云玲  钟水新  刘玉洪  窦军霞 《山地学报》2005,23(3):300-307

为探讨岷江上游地区山地气候特征及森林生态气候效应,利用岷江上游南、北坡林内外的小气候观测资料,对该地区南、北坡向山地的太阳辐射、气温(1．5m)、地表温、水汽压、相对湿度、风速等小气候特征及森林生态气候效应进行了比较分析,探讨了其分布规律以及彼此间的内在联系。结果表明：不同坡向,不同季节,各山地气候要素分布存在区别;而山地森林具有较显著的生态气候效应,可以降低气温和地表温,增加湿度,减小风速,其生态效应在不同季节和不同坡向存在差异;通过林内、外气象要素的回归分析,得知：林内外的气象要素除4月风速之外,大多数气象要素存在显著的林内外相关关系;其中,以气温和相对湿度的相关性最好。  相似文献   

HYDROLOGY AND MICROCLIMATE OF A PARTLY RESTORED CUTOVER BOG,QUÉBEC     

JONATHAN S. PRICE 《水文研究》1996,10(10):1263-1272

Peatlands do not readily return to functional wetland ecosystems after harvesting (cutting), because the harsh hydrological and microclimatic conditions are unsuitable for Sphagnum regeneration. In this study, drainage ditches blocked after harvesting restored the water balance to a condition similar to a nearby natural bog. Evaporation averaged 2.9 and 2.7 mm day⁻¹ on the cutover and natural bog, respectively. Evaporation consumed most of the rainfall input (86 and 80%, respectively), whereas runoff was minor at both sites (6 and 4%, respectively). However, the water table position was markedly different at these sites. Median water table depth was 0.05 m below the surface in the natural bog, compared with 0.44 m in the cutover bog (ditches blocked). Changes to the peak soil matrix owing to drainage and cutting reduced the specific yield (Sy) of the peat to 0.04–0.06 from 0.35–0.55, causing exaggerated water table changes in the cutover site. Nevertheless, volumetric soil moisture in the cutover site (0.67 ± .08) had low variability, and was maintained above moisture contents found in Sphagnum hummocks in the natural bog (0.48 ± .10), although less than on Sphagnum lawn (0.84 ± .11). Poor Sphagnum regeneration on cutover surfaces can therefore be attributed to its inability to extract water from the underlying peat, which retains water at matric suction greater than the non-vascular Sphagnum can generate. The corrupted iron pan under main ditches has permitted partial recharge of the underlying aquifer, reducing local hydraulic gradients, thereby decreasing vertical seepage loss.  相似文献   

Micro-climate influence on reference evapotranspiration estimates in wetlands     

J. Kelvin  R.J. Harding  T.M. Hess 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(3):378-388

Temperature and relative humidity measurements were made within and outside a lowland fen in eastern England during 2009 and 2010. Summer temperatures were found to be on average 0.24°C lower within the fen than outside, whilst summer vapour pressures were found to be on average 0.074 kPa higher within the fen. In contrast, winter temperatures were found to be higher within the fen by an average of 0.03°C. These differences may be expected to influence evapotranspiration estimates derived using data from each of the sites. The influence of the location of meteorological measurements on evapotranspiration estimates was therefore evaluated. The existence of a wetland microclimate results in up to a 7% reduction in annual reference evapotranspiration compared to a site surrounded by arable farmland only 5.5 km away.  相似文献   

Hillslope response under variable microclimate     

Netra R. Regmi  Eric V. McDonald  Craig Rasmussen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(13):2615-2627

Solar radiation-controlled microclimatic variation has been considered a major force on hillslope evolution via feedback among geomorphology, vegetation, soil and hydrology. In this study, we investigate the influence of solar radiation on hillslope dynamics on Santa Catalina Island, CA by comparing hillslope morphology and frequency–magnitude relationships of shallow landslides, rills and gullies on slopes receiving low annual solar radiation (LSR) and high annual solar radiation (HSR), which were found equivalent to north- and south-facing slopes, respectively. LSR slopes on Santa Catalina Island were found more vegetated compared to HSR slopes. LiDAR elevation-derived hillslope morphology showed LSR slopes steeper, rougher and more concave than HSR slopes. Similarly, frequency–magnitude plots showed larger relative frequency of high-magnitude shallow landslides, rills and gullies on LSR slopes, and low-magnitude shallow landslides, rills and gullies on HSR slopes. We argue that the morphology, mass movement and erosion characteristics of LSR and HSR slopes reflect the process–response of microclimate-controlled variation in type and density of vegetation cover, soil physical properties – including moisture, texture, structure, infiltration and erodibility – and surface and subsurface hydrology. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

新疆策勒沙漠-荒漠-绿洲典型下垫面小气候空间变化分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毛东雷  蔡富艳  雷加强  杨雪峰  杨余辉  薛杰 《地理科学》2017,37(4):630-640

利用从2010年8月1日至2011年6月30日新疆策勒绿洲-荒漠过渡带及绿洲内部4个观测点的风速、大气相对湿度（RH）、温度、太阳辐射能、光合有效辐射（PAR）同步观测资料,分析了小气候差异并初步探讨产生差异的原因。结果表明：不同空间的下垫面性质对小气候影响明显不同。在8月,半固定沙地、固定沙地和绿洲内部与流沙地前沿相比,日平均风速在2 m高处分别依次降低了42.69%、50.71%和94.32%,日平均风速在10 m高处分别依次降低了7.94%、13.66%和59.59%,这表明植被覆盖度越大,防风阻沙效果越好。夏季植被能够降温增湿,冬季12月份,绿洲内部在0.5 m高处日平均温度依次高于流沙地、半固定沙地、固定沙地1.47℃、1.20℃、2.74℃。4个下垫面的PAR与太阳辐射能变化趋势基本一致,绿洲内部的PAR值相对最小,太阳辐射能在6月达到最高值。夏季晴天在20:00~09:00左右近地表层会出现逆温现象。冬季晴天白天午后易出现大于起沙风的阵风,从流沙前沿到绿洲内部气温逐渐升高,大气相对湿度先逐渐降低后增大。  相似文献   

Geometric calculation of view factors for stream surface radiation modelling in the presence of riparian forest          下载免费PDF全文

R. D. Moore  J. A. Leach  J. M. Knudson 《水文研究》2014,28(6):2975-2986

Many efforts to model stream temperature by using an energy budget approach have not accounted for view factors in modelling stream surface radiative exchanges, used informal approaches for computing them, or relied on calibration, which is not applicable for prediction at unmonitored sites or for predicting the effects of changes in riparian vegetation. In this paper, equations are derived for calculating view factors on the basis of geometric considerations for streams with and without riparian forest. The solutions can accommodate vegetation overhanging the stream surface. Example calculations illustrate the substantial variability of view factors across the stream width, which has implications for the estimation of view factors from point‐scale radiation measurements over the stream surface, and the important influence of overhanging vegetation on view factors for narrow streams. View factors computed from the geometric model agreed well with view factors computed from hemispherical photography for streams ranging from 1 to almost 50 m wide, indicating that the model appears to be reasonably robust to deviations from the simplified geometry assumed by the model. In addition to their use in modelling stream surface energy exchanges, the solutions could also be adapted for application to energy balance and microclimate modelling in linear forest openings, such as seismic lines used in oil and gas exploration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献