Genders in Production: Making Workers in Mexico's Global Factories     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):306-308

  相似文献   

Path Dependency and Patterns of Collective Action: Space,Place, and Agency in Long Beach,California, 1900–1960     

Gary Hytrek 《Urban geography》2013,34(4):496-522

Drawing on the insights of the geography, structural, and social movement literature this study analyzes the interactive effects of structure, space, place, and agency on patterns of collective action in Long Beach, California. Long Beach and Los Angeles occupy the same regional landscape with similar economies, yet the logic of collective action varies considerably. It is argued that preceding 1960, pro-business elites in Long Beach allied with their Los Angeles counterparts to spatially restrict labor organizing and foster patterns of noncontiguous interdependencies within and among labor and community groups. Through violence, cultural references, local and extralocal political policies, and regional coalition building before 1960, the Long Beach ruling elites fragmented the labor and community sector and inhibited the emergence of an organizational infrastructure necessary to foster community-based change after 1960. The legacies of this period are reflected in a fragmented labor and community sector set against a powerful ideologically driven, business-led opposition.  相似文献   

(RE-)Creating the Community: South Asian Transnationalism on Chicago's Devon Avenue     

《Urban geography》2013,34(3):224-227

As one of the largest South Asian business districts in North America, Chicago's Devon Avenue is reproduced through the transnational connections of South Asian migrants. These ties encompass the diaspora as well as the more commonly theorized links between "home" and "host" societies. Based on fieldwork consisting of interviews and participant observation on Devon Avenue, this study considers how Devon Avenue functions as a transnational site, and therefore suggests the ways in which it reconceptualizes national and urban spaces. An examination of the transnational linkages that produced Devon Avenue, alongside its promotion as an "international marketplace" and the daily interactions among merchants, laborers, and residents, also considers the ways in which expressions of difference are marked by multiplicity and contingency.  相似文献   

Gendering Job Competition: Immigration and African American Employment in Chicago, 1990-2000     

《Urban geography》2013,34(1):59-89

This investigation of demographic changes between 1990 and 2000 within African American employment concentrations in Chicago finds that the effects of immigration on African American employment differ by gender. Black women increasingly shared their niche industries with immigrant women without being displaced, a pattern of coexistence that indicates the primacy of gender in sorting women into employment. By contrast, similar patterns were absent between African American and immigrant men, and several niche industries reflected competition. Yet economic restructuring more significantly affected African American male and female employment than immigration. Among women, these same trends also affected immigrants. Both groups were adversely affected by the growth of low-wage employment in female-dominated, care-work jobs—their primary industries of overlap. These findings underscore the significance of gender in problematizing ethnic/racial divisions of labor and the need to consider economic consequences that cross these divisions as well as derive from them within urban economies.  相似文献   

1980年以来中国棉花生产向新疆集中的主要原因   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

朱会义 《地理研究》2013,32(4):744-754

1980年以来中国棉花生产格局发生了明显变化,在空间上逐步向新疆集中,这一变化不仅促进了新疆地区耕地的扩张,也强化了新疆地区在我国农业生产中的地域功能,同时还加速了该地区的荒漠化进程。目前对这一现象的研究主要立足于区域尺度,关注棉花生产对当地农民收入的影响以及区域棉花产业的优势与发展战略,对生产格局变化的成因还缺乏清晰认识。本文从生产要素配置效率的角度,利用全国农产品成本收益数据,通过比较全国主要植棉省市棉花生产中土地生产率、劳动生产率和资本产出率的差异,来探讨这一现象的成因。结果表明:劳动生产率的区域差异是市场经济条件下中国棉花生产向新疆集中的主要原因。这一结论对于判断中国棉花生产格局变化的未来趋势以及其他农产品生产格局变化研究都具有一定的意义。  相似文献   

Underlying motivation for land use change: A case study on the variation of agricultural factor productivity in Xinjiang, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Huiyi Zhu 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(6):1041-1051

Understanding the driving forces and mechanism of land use change is a key issue in land change science, and has received much attention over the past 30 years. While many driving forces have been identified, the mechanism of land use change is still unclear, mainly because of limited knowledge of the underlying motivation for land use change. Traditionally, the underlying motivation for land use change was ascribed to people＇s pursuit of satisfying their own demands or that of profit maximization. However, those theoretical hypotheses combine all productive factors without highlighting certain predominant factor, in this paper, a case study was conducted on the variation of land productivity, capital productivity and labor productivity in agricultural land use in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. The case study revealed that only labor productivity presented a long-term increasing trend in regional cotton and grain production. This result implies that people＇s pursuit of increasing labor pro- ductivity is probably the underlying motivation for land use change. Additional details identi- fied in agricultural and non-agricultural land use in China support the above implication. As labor productivity is a determinant of people＇s living standards, increasing labor productivity means improving people＇s living standards. Therefore, it is concluded that land use change results from people＇s pursuit of increasing labor productivity in a changing environment.  相似文献   

Simulation of spatial population dynamics based on labor economics and multi-agent systems: a case study on a rapidly developing manufacturing metropolis     

Shaoying Li  Zhifeng Wu  Bin Ai  Fang Wang 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(12):2410-2435

Spatial population dynamics affects resource allocation in urban planning. Simulation of population dynamics can provide useful information to urban planning for rapidly developing manufacturing metropolises. In such a metropolis with a concentration of immigrant labor forces, individual employment choices could have a significant effect on their residential decisions. There remains a need for an efficient method, which can simulate spatial population dynamics by considering the interactions between employment and residential choices. This article proposes an agent-based model for simulation of spatial population dynamics by addressing the influence of labor market on individual residential decisions. Labor economics theory is incorporated into a multi-agent system in this model. The long-term equilibrium process of labor market is established to define the interactions between labor supply and labor demand. An agent-based approach is adopted to simulate the economic behaviors and residential decisions of population individuals. The residential decisions of individuals would eventually have consequences on spatial population dynamics. The proposed model has been verified by the spatial dynamics simulation (2007 to 2010) of Dongguan, an emerging and renowned manufacturing metropolis in the Pearl River Delta, China. The results indicate that the simulated population size and spatial distribution of each town in Dongguan are close to those obtained from census data. The proposed model is also applied to predict spatial population dynamics based on two economic planning scenarios in Dongguan from 2010 to2015. The predicted results provide insights into the population dynamics of this fast-growing region.  相似文献   

上海市工业用地需求驱动力研究     

俞志英 《上海国土资源》2012,(2):79-82

基于第二产业产品提供部门、第二产业劳动力提供部门和工业用地提供部门的三部门模型,通过分析上海市1997~2010年相关数据,探讨了上海市工业用地需求的驱动力问题。结果表明：第二产业产出增加和第二产业劳动力供给增加都会推动工业用地需求增加,并且第二产业产出增加是工业用地需求增加的主要原因;而满足工业用地需求的有效供给是第二产业发展必须付出的资源支撑,应当以产出效益为核心用好增量、优化存量工业用地。  相似文献   

科学与技术的发展和创新旨在为宇宙提供真正的写真     

滕吉文  张洪双 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(3):817-836

世界上由奴隶社会的工具制造革命进入到农业革命,由农业革命进入到工业革命,又由工业革命进入到知识革命,再由知识革命走向文明发展的征程上,其发展与进步取决于生产力的不断提高和生产力结构的不断革新,而究其实质则为科学技术的快速发展和人类不断创造的结果.这是由于科学和技术在推动着社会与经济的不断前进,是第一生产力.在时代、社会、经济、政治漫长的发展长河中,劳动和创造是人类活动的本质和社会进步的源泉.当今已进入21世纪,正处在科技快速发展与进步的新时代,新一轮科学技术的发展态势更加迅猛,并孕育这新一轮的重大突破———第三次科学革命,即第六次科技革命.这将必会为中国的科学和技术发展带来新的跨越式的发展和历史机遇,当然也必然面临着更加严峻的竞争和挑战.为此在这世界科技大潮中,国人必须披荆斩棘,刻苦奋进,勇于攀登已达抢占当今世界科学与技术的制高点.因为科学与技术的发展和创新旨在为宇宙提供真正的写真,并造福于人类.  相似文献   

城镇化进程中农民进城落户意愿影响因素——以河南省郸城县为例   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

朱琳  刘彦随 《地理科学进展》2012,31(4):461-467

基于“推—拉”理论、新经济学劳动力流动理论,剖析了农民进城落户意愿的城乡作用力、农民进城落户的内部影响因素,并结合郸城县169 份农户有效问卷和村干部调查数据,采用Logistic 回归模型进行了实证检验.结果表明：①农民进城落户意愿可用“推力—拉力”范式解释,包括生活便捷程度、子女的受教育环境、养老医疗等社会福利保障水平、家庭收入和非农就业、消费和生活成本,其中,便捷的生活环境和良好的子女受教育环境是最大的城镇拉力,没有稳定的非农工作是最大的城镇推力.②农民进城落户决策的影响因素涉及个人因素、家庭因素和村庄因素三个层面.年龄、文化程度、家庭生活水平、亲朋好友是否进城落户、村庄医疗卫生条件是影响郸城县农民进城落户决策的主要因素,其中文化程度、亲朋好友是否迁户的影响效应为正,年龄、家庭生活水平及村医疗卫生条件的影响效应为负.  相似文献