Variations in the geomagnetic dipole moment during the Holocene and the past 50 kyr     

Mads Faurschou Knudsen  Peter Riisager  Fabio Donadini  Ian Snowball  Raimund Muscheler  Kimmo Korhonen  Lauri J. Pesonen 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):319-329

All absolute paleointensity data published in peer-reviewed journals were recently compiled in the GEOMAGIA50 database. Based on the information in GEOMAGIA50, we reconstruct variations in the geomagnetic dipole moment over the past 50  kyr, with a focus on the Holocene period. A running-window approach is used to determine the axial dipole moment that provides the optimal least-squares fit to the paleointensity data, whereas associated error estimates are constrained using a bootstrap procedure. We subsequently compare the reconstruction from this study with previous reconstructions of the geomagnetic dipole moment, including those based on cosmogenic radionuclides (¹⁰Be and ¹⁴C). This comparison generally lends support to the axial dipole moments obtained in this study. Our reconstruction shows that the evolution of the dipole moment was highly dynamic, and the recently observed rates of change (5% per century) do not appear unique. We observe no apparent link between the occurrence of archeomagnetic jerks and changes in the geomagnetic dipole moment, suggesting that archeomagnetic jerks most likely represent drastic changes in the orientation of the geomagnetic dipole axis or periods characterized by large secular variation of the non-dipole field. This study also shows that the Holocene geomagnetic dipole moment was high compared to that of the preceding  40  kyr, and that  4 · 10²²  Am² appears to represent a critical threshold below which geomagnetic excursions and reversals occur.  相似文献   

强震前的“加速矩释放”（AMR）现象：对一个有争议的地震前兆的回溯性震例研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

蒋长胜  吴忠良 《地球物理学报》2009,52(3):691-702

近年来,国际上对于强震前的加速矩释放（AMR）现象是否可作为一种可靠的、带有普遍性的地震前兆现象争议较大.本文以2008年3月21日新疆于田M_S7.3地震为例,试图从前兆存在的客观性和与地震发生的物理相关性两方面考察本次地震前的AMR现象.用“破裂时间分析”方程中的幂指数m作为描述震前加速矩释放“程度”的参量,在时间-空间-地震序列截止震级组成的三维参数空间（T,R,M_c）内考察AMR现象存在的客观性.考虑了多种因素对m（T, R, M_c）分布图像可能的影响,其中,余震是否删除和M_c对计算影响不大,但M_L6.0以上“干扰”事件的影响则较大.结果表明,于田地震前的确存在AMR现象,但得到的m（T, R, M_c）分布图像较为复杂,可观测到两个明显的AMR集中分布区.此外,在以实际震中为圆心的多个圆形区域内,使用固定时间窗向实际发震时刻滑动逼近,可观测到m值逐渐减小,即加速特征逐渐明显的过程.对震前矩释放程度m值的时-空扫描结果显示,出现AMR现象的空间区域与震中位置似有较好的对应,但其时-空演化图像与滑动时-空窗的选取有关.这表明,本次M_S7.3地震前的确存在AMR现象,并与其孕震过程在物理上相关.但本文仅是一个震例的研究,无法给出具有统计显著性的结论,此外,用AMR来约束地震发生的时间看来是困难的.  相似文献   

Hybrid formulation of operator splitting (OS) and Newmark‐β methods for collaborative structural analysis (CSA)     

Peng Pan  Motohide Tada 《地震工程与结构动力学》2008,37(7):1117-1133

A collaborative structural analysis (CSA) system is developed, which is capable of performing highly sophisticated structural analyses utilizing beneficial features of existing individual structural analysis programs. In the system, the global equations of motion for the overall structural system are formulated in the host program. Some substructures, whose behaviors are relatively simple, are directly solved in the host program, whereas those having complex behavior are analyzed by the station programs. A time‐consuming static condensation procedure is needed for the substructures analyzed by the station programs if adopting an implicit integration scheme. The operator splitting (OS) method, which does not require tangential stiffness, can be used to improve the system efficiency. To this end, a hybrid formulation of the Newmark‐β and OS methods is proposed, and a CSA scheme based on the hybrid formulation is developed. In the CSA system adopting the hybrid formulation, the degrees of freedom whose tangential stiffness are unavailable are formulated by the OS method, whereas the rest are still formulated by the commonly used Newmark‐β method. Using the system, analyses of a three‐story‐braced steel moment‐resisting frame are conducted. In the analyses, the column bases are analyzed using the commercial finite element method software ABAQUS, and the remaining structural elements are analyzed using a frame analysis program called NETLYS. Results suggest that the hybrid formulation is very effective for the CSA system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

震级标度的不一致与震源的复杂性          下载免费PDF全文

戴志阳  刘斌  查显杰  吕彦  郑先进  张虎  杨凤琴 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(3):705-709

矩震级标度是从地震矩换算过来的,换算关系中地震应力降与剪切模量估算的不准确会对矩震级标度产生影响.本文利用1976年1月~2006年12月发生在东经75°~135°,北纬15°~55°的M≥5地震的矩震级与面波震级,探讨了应力降与剪切模量的比值Δσ/μ在中国及邻区以及在不同震级下的分布特征.中国大陆及邻区的Δσ/μ值分布较分散,不同地区的Δσ/μ值明显不同,且绝大部分值大于矩震级和地震矩换算关系中使用的全球平均值.对于同一地区不同震级的地震,其Δσ/μ值也不一样,震级大,Δσ/μ值通常也大.研究认为剪切模量和地震应力降的估计对矩震级标度的影响不能忽略.  相似文献   

一款用于乳腺癌成像的低轮廓单极子天线设计     

赵燕  石巧连 《CT理论与应用研究》2008,17(2):34-39

本文利用基于两层双共轭梯度-快速傅立叶变换的矩量法研究了一种新颖的宽带微带单极天线,该天线具有低轮廓特性,尺寸为24×31.7×1.6mm^3。设计的天线具有宽带特性,在3.1 GHz到11 GHz之间的反射系数Sn〈-10dB。详细探讨了上述天线的设计步骤和测试结果,结果证明该天线可以用于乳腺癌成像。  相似文献   

恒载作用下损伤梁的弯矩重分布研究     

王英  尹铸华  赵人达 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z1):122-126

根据等效刚度原理定义损伤程度,对损伤采用损伤位置、损伤程度和损伤长度三个参数来描述,从材料力学平面弯曲理论出发,运用小变形的平面弯曲挠曲线近似微分方程,并引入损伤程度的定义,推导出恒载作用下两端固定损伤梁弯矩方程的隐含表达式。对恒载作用下两端固定损伤梁进行了各种损伤情况下弯矩重分布的对比分析,总结出了其弯矩重分布规律。本研究的目的是期望为桥梁的健康检测、损伤识别理论研究奠定基础。  相似文献   

船舶轴系的最佳轴承间距     

李湛 《广东海洋大学学报》1996,(2)

通过对影响轴承负荷的轴承支点、螺旋桨重量、轴段重量、轴承负荷的影响数等有关因素的研究，来合理布置各道轴承的间距，从而使轴承在最佳负荷下工作。强调提出不能任意增加轴承的宽度来满足轴承的比压值。  相似文献   

Linear programming approach to moment tensor inversion of earthquake sources and some tests on the three-dimensional structure of the upper mantle     

Toshiro Tanimoto  Hiroo Kanamori 《Geophysical Journal International》1986,84(2):413-430

Summary. A new method of moment tensor inversion is developed, which combines surface wave data and P -wave first motion data in a linear programming approach. Once surface wave spectra and first motion data are given, the method automatically obtains the solution that satisfies first motion data and minimizes the L1 norm of the surface wave spectra. We show the results of eight events in which the method works and is stable even for shallow events. We also show one event in which surface wave data and P -wave first motion data seem to be incompatible. In such cases, our method does not converge or converges to a solution which has a large minor (second) double couple component. It is an advantage that the method can determine the compatibility of two data sets without trial and error.
Laterally heterogeneous phase velocity corrections are used to obtain spectra at the source. The method is also applied to invert moment tensors of eight events in two recent three-dimensional (3-D) upper mantle structures. In both 3-D models, variances of spectra are smaller than those in a laterally homogeneous model at 256 s. Statistical tests show that those reductions are significant at a high confidence level for five events out of eight examined. For three events, we examined those reductions at shorter periods, 197 and 151 s. The reduction of variances is comparable to the results at 256 s and is again statistically significant at a high confidence level. Orientation of fault planes does not change very much by incorporation of lateral variations of phase velocity or by doing inversions at different periods. This is mainly because of the constraints from P -wave first motion data. Scatter of phase spectra at shorter periods, especially at 151 s, is great and suggests that surface wave ray paths deviate from great circle paths substantially and these effects cannot be ignored.  相似文献   

恩平凹陷恩平组下段成岩过程分析与储层动态评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

禚喜准  王琪  陈国俊  李小燕  张胜斌 《沉积学报》2008,26(2):257-264

恩平凹陷恩平组下段现今埋深超过3 800 m,处于中成岩B期,客观评价恩平组下段的勘探潜力及有利目标是深入勘探的重要前提。通过大量铸体薄片、普通薄片、扫描电镜等分析,划分了恩平凹陷恩平组的成岩序列,找出了影响储层物性的主控成岩作用,认为压实作用是孔喉衰减的主导因素,有机酸性流体溶蚀作用是孔隙度局部回升的主要原因。根据恩平凹陷埋藏史、地热史、成岩过程分析建立了恩平组的孔隙度演化模式,在关键时期恩平组下段处于中成岩A期的晚期,该时期的古孔隙度平均值约10%,孔喉已经比较细小,不利于酸性流体的改造和油气的大量充注。在上述工作的基础上,运用沉积相、成岩相结合的方法对恩平组下段储层进行了动态评价,处于凹陷南斜坡的PY14 5 1井附近地区压实较弱,物性较好,是油气运聚的有利区带,其它地区成岩强度较高,只能作为天然气勘探的目标。  相似文献   

Evaluating cut slope failure by numerical analysis—a case study   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

T. N. Singh  A. Gulati  L. Dontha  V. Bhardwaj 《Natural Hazards》2008,47(2):263-279

Slope failure is very common phenomenon in hilly regions, especially in young techno active mountainous like Himalayas. It is hazardous because of the accompanying progressive movement of the slope-forming material. In order to minimize the landslide effects, slope failure analysis and stabilization requires in depth understanding of the process that governs the behavior of the slope. The present article mainly deals with the analysis of the stability of road cut slopes of Rudraprayag Area, Uttarakhand, India. The area experiences local as well as regional slides every year. Extensive field study was carried out along the road cut slopes. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the various Physio-mechanical properties of rock mass. These properties have been used as input parameters for the numerical simulation of slope using FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) including geological discontinuities. The computed deformations and the stress distribution along the failure surface are compared with the field observations. The study indicates that the overall slope is unstable except at the location E where slope is critically stable. The effects of instability have been thoroughly considered and remedial measures have been recommended.  相似文献