湘西碳酸岩山区页岩气地震勘探采集技术研究     

曾维望  常锁亮 《中国煤炭地质》2015,(1):66-71,76

湖南湘西碳酸盐岩山区不同时期灰岩出露,岩性变化较大,且受风化、淋滤、剥蚀作用,溶洞、裂缝十分发育,导致地震波能量衰减严重,且地震波传播路径和地震波场的复杂,地震原始资料信噪比较低。针对上述问题,采用单/双井微测井相结合的精细浅表层结构调查方法,结合药柱长度和爆炸理论计算出的爆炸半径,动态设计井深激发方式。通过室内模拟计算,研究低频检波器多串、线性等组合接收方式在区内压制面波、折射波、多次折射及侧面波等多波干扰的效果,最终选择2串24个检波器等灵敏度组合及小道距、高覆盖观测等关键采集技术。实践表明,该区选择的观测系统较好的克服了南方岩溶地区地震勘探信噪比低的问题,具有极强的推广价值。  相似文献   

西南山区交通工程弃渣的工程特性评价及其分类     

尹小涛  杨华  但路昭  田明  张朔 《地球科学与环境学报》2021,(2):389-397

山区交通工程弃渣力学参数的准确测定,一直是弃渣场边坡稳定性评价面临的基础科学问题。在山区交通工程弃渣场运行特点和弃渣固体废弃物特征认知的基础上,探讨弃渣取样和试验代表性问题的物理根源,依托实际工程累计数据尝试提出简单实用的弃渣工程特性评价和分类方法。结果表明:①常规交通工程弃渣的密度、颗粒分析和强度试验,由于弃渣的粒径范围差异大、颗粒空间分布不均、弃渣来源复杂等固体废弃物特征造成取样和试验代表性难题;用多阶段坡角测量和颗粒分析试验代替传统的弃渣边坡试验,解决了试验和取样代表性难题。②利用弃渣粗细比可将弃渣分为细粒弃渣、混合型弃渣和粗粒弃渣。③根据弃渣粗细比、天然休止角和整形坡率,将西南山区交通工程弃渣分为细粒弃渣、混合型弃渣和粗粒弃渣等3类。细粒弃渣,弃渣粗细比小于0.3,天然休止角小于31.5°,整形坡率为1.00∶2.00;混合型弃渣,弃渣粗细比为0.3~1.0,天然休止角为31.5°~39.5°,整形坡率为1.00∶2.00~1.00∶1.50;粗粒弃渣,弃渣粗细比大于1.0,天然休止角大于39.5°,整形坡率为1.00∶1.50。④用多阶段坡角测量、颗粒分析试验和无黏性土边坡稳定性系数计算公式代替传统的弃渣边坡试验和稳定性系数计算方法,方法简单,结果保守,可以作为弃渣边坡稳定性评价和安全控制技术的有益补充。  相似文献   

The influence of mountainous relief on the vertical gradient of precipitation and pluvial zoning in the central slope of the Gulf of Mexico     

Victor Soto  Juan Cervantes 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2023,44(1):112-129

Although variation of air temperature with respect to terrain altitude is widely understood, less is known about the altitudinal behaviour of precipitation. The eastern slope of Mexico is the most contrasting physiographic province of the country due to its relief. This area is also one of the most important regions of Mexico and of the intertropical region of America because of its biodiversity. Due to the vital and ecosystemic value of precipitation, this work seeks to analyse the altitudinal distribution of precipitation as a function of the relief. Our main methodology consisted of analysing the climatological normal of 86 weather stations to determine accumulated precipitation during rainy, dry and annual periods. Precipitation was correlated with the altitude of the relief, which allowed the study area to be divided into groups relative to the degree of accumulated rainfall throughout the year, as well as by the gradient of variation according to the elevation of the terrain. The results indicated that during the year, precipitation was favoured by the humidity of the Gulf of Mexico and decreased at a rate of -3.7 mm/m in coastal areas. Subsequently, precipitation increased with the altitude of the relief at a rate of 0.7 mm/m, between ~700 and ~ 1500 masl, which is where the greatest accumulation of rainfall was concentrated. Thereafter, it decreased by -0.9 mm/m until it reached the highest volcanic watershed. Crossing this watershed, the foehn effect caused rainfall rates to be much lower than on the windward slope, where the central plateau of the country begins.  相似文献   

Role of blowing snow in snow processes in Qilian Mountainous region     

HongYi Li  Jian Wang  XiaoHua Hao 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(2):0124-0130

Blowing snow is an important part of snow hydrologic processes in mountainous region, however the related researches were rare for the Qilian mountainous region where blowing snow is frequent. Using the observation dataset in 2008 snow season in Binggou wa- tershed in Qilian mountainous region, we systematically studied the energy and mass processes of blowing snow by field observation and model simulation. The results include the analysis of snow observation, the occurrence probability of blowing snow, blowing snow transport and blowing snow sublimation. It was found that blowing snow was obvious in high altitude region （4,146 m）, the snow redislribution phenomena was remarkable. In Yakou station in the study region, blowing snow was easily occurred in midwinter and early spring when no snowmelt, the blowing snow transport was dominated in this period; when snowmelt beginning, the occur- rence probability of blowing snow decreased heavily because of the increasing air temperature, melt, and refrozen phenomena. The blowing snow sublimation accounted for 41.5% of total snow sublimation at Yakou station in 2008 snow season.  相似文献   

NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON THE WIND FIELD STRUCTURE OF A MOUNTAINOUS AREA BESIDE SOUTH CHINA SEA DURING THE LANDFALL OF TYPHOON MOLAVE     

李磊  陈柏纬  胡非  张立杰  柳艳香 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2014,20(1):66-73

Leveraging the commercial CFD software FLUENT, the fine-scale three-dimensional wind structure over the Paiya Mountains on the Dapeng Peninsula near Shenzhen, a city on the seashore of South China Sea, during the landfall of Typhoon Molave has been simulated and analyzed. Through the study, a conceptual wind structure model for mountainous areas under strong wind condition is established and the following conclusions are obtained as follows： （1） FLUENT can reasonably simulate a three-dimensional wind structure over mountainous areas under strong wind conditions; （2） the kinetic effect of a mountain can intensify wind speed in the windward side of the mountain and the area over the mountain peak; and （3） in the leeward side of the mountain, wind speed is relatively lower with relatively stronger wind shear and turbulence.  相似文献   

复杂山区三维地震勘探野外施工方法          下载免费PDF全文

王晶  姜飞  李京涛  李金辉  陶二勇 《山东国土资源》2014,30(1):48-50

三维地震勘探项目野外复杂的地表情况直接影响地震资料的采集难度和采集质量。通过对河南、内蒙古、新疆、山西等多个省份难度高的复杂山区野外项目现场实际施工经验分析,总结出一些针对复杂山区野外施工的特殊方法,可以有效的降低野外施工成本,提高野外施工效率和质量。  相似文献   

Hydrodynamics and sediment-transport in the nearshore of Poverty Bay, New Zealand: Observations of nearshore sediment segregation and oceanic storms     

Aaron J. Bever  Jesse E. McNinch 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(6):507-526

Nearshore regions act as an interface between the terrestrial environment and deeper waters. As such, they play important roles in the dispersal of fluvial sediment and the transport of sand to and from the shoreline. This study focused on the nearshore of Poverty Bay, New Zealand, and the processes controlling the dispersal of sediment from the main source, the Waipaoa River. Hydrodynamics and sediment-transport in water shallower than 15 m were observed from April through mid-September 2006. This deployment afforded observations during 3-4 periods of elevated river discharge and 5 dry storms.Similar wind, river discharge, wave, current, and turbidity patterns were characterized during three of the wet storms. At the beginning of each event, winds blew shoreward, increasing wave heights to 2-3 m within Poverty Bay. As the cyclonic storms moved through the system the winds reversed direction and became seaward, reducing the local wave height and orbital velocity while river discharge remained elevated. At these times, high river discharge and relatively small waves enabled fluvially derived suspended sediment to deposit in shallow water. Altimetry measurements indicated that at least 7 cm was deposited at a 15 m deep site during a single discharge event. Turbidity and seabed observations showed this deposition to be removed, however, as large swell waves from the Southern Ocean triggered resuspension of the material within three weeks of deposition. Consequently, two periods of dispersal were associated with each discharge pulse, one coinciding with fluvial delivery, and a second driven by wave resuspension a few weeks later. These observations of nearfield sediment deposition contradict current hypotheses of very limited sediment deposition in shallow water offshore of small mountainous rivers when floods and high-energy, large wave and fast current, oceanic conditions coincide.Consistently shoreward near-bed currents, observed along the 10 m isobath of Poverty Bay, were attributed to a combination of estuarine circulation, Stokes drift, and wind driven upwelling. Velocities measured at the 15 m isobath, however, were directed more alongshore and diverged from those at the 10 m isobath. The divergence in the currents observed at the 10 and 15 m locations seemed to facilitate segregation of coarse and fine sediment, with sand transported near-bed toward the beach, while suspended silts and clays were exported to deeper water.  相似文献   

实用地质选线理论在巴达线勘察中的应用     

张夏临  王晓伟 《中国勘察设计》2011,(4):54-58

地质选线理论的应用是一个由粗略到细微,由整体到局部,由定性到定量,由模糊到清晰的过程。各种理论方法侧重不同,不同勘察阶段采用最适合的理论方法,往往起到事半功倍的效果。同一种理论,在不同阶段应用时,也存在一定的差异。本文作者在长期从事山区铁路地质选线的基础上,以正在修建的巴达铁路为例,对一些常用的地质选线理论方法进行了归纳和总结,对铁路选线具有较好的指导意义。  相似文献   

云南岩溶石山区物探找水方法与实例分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

焦彦杰  吴文贤杨 剑 李 富 杨俊波 《中国地质》2011,38(3):770-778

西南地区水资源短缺严重威胁到当地人民群众生活用水,也制约了本地区的经济发展。如何针对西南缺水地区水文地质特点,合理选择地球物理勘探综合技术方法寻找地下水,提高地下水勘查效率,是水文地质工作面临的十分重要问题。本文介绍了电导率成像系统和高密度电阻率法的基本原理、技术特点和适用范围,结合云南岩溶山区地下水勘查的应用实例,进行对比分析,圈定了含水岩溶带,确定了井位,有效解决了当地供水问题,说明了方法的有效性。提出西南地区地下水勘查建议,为今后的地下水资源利用工作提供借鉴。  相似文献   

黄土滑坡形成机理分析——以宁夏彭阳县为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尚慧  倪万魁  杜光波  孟龙 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2011,22(2):26-33

彭阳县是黄土地区滑坡灾害最为发育的县（市）之一,严重威胁当地群众生命财产安全,阻碍社会、经济发展。本文基于彭阳县地质灾害详细调查资料。首先,对黄土滑坡从规模、形成时代、滑体厚度等方面进行分类统计,结合遥感解译结果和实地调查资料,总结其分布规律;其次,从地形地貌、地层岩性、大气降水、地下水、地表水、人类工程活动的影响等方面分析黄土滑坡的形成条件;最后,采用GEO-SLOPE软件对黄土滑坡与各主要影响因素的关系进行了数值模拟。在此基础上,探讨了彭阳县黄土滑坡的形成机理。  相似文献