武陵山片区城镇化的农户生计响应及影响因素研究——基于3个典型乡镇355户农户调查数据的分析     

丁建军  金宁波  贾武  易肖肖  王永明 《地理研究》2019,38(8):2027-2043

基于3个典型乡镇355户农户的调查数据考察武陵山片区农户的城镇化生计响应发现：① 农户生计响应是“城乡连续体”的“人业地”关系重构中乡村聚落的决策单元对城镇聚落吸附与扩散效应的综合反应,受宏观环境、外部条件和家庭因素的影响;② 区域性中心城市郊区、革命老区红色旅游景区和县城近郊特色农业种植区周边农户的生计综合响应、生计空间响应和生计产出响应依次递减,但生计资本和生计方式响应及各维度的响应强度排序不一致;③ 城乡二元体制的演变与新型城镇化战略、乡村振兴战略动态地规制与诱导农户,使其生计响应与国家阶段性战略目标相适应。地形平缓、距离县城较近、经济发展水平较高以及区域性中心城市郊区休闲驱动型城镇化对应于更广维度和更高强度的农户生计响应。收入来源以经商、务工为主,家庭成员中有小孩或老人,有较高教育程度家庭成员以及社会资本较高的农户,其生计响应的维度更广且强度更高。  相似文献   

国家级贫困县旅游发展与多维贫困的脱钩关系研究——以西南地区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何静  汪侠  刘丹丽  孙鑫  段志勇 《地理研究》2019,38(5):1189-1207

发展旅游业被认为是贫困地区缓解贫困的重要方式之一,为探讨国家级贫困县的旅游扶贫发展现状,本文基于Tapio脱钩模型,以西南地区136个国家级贫困县为例,对旅游发展分别与综合贫困以及、教育、医疗、社会福利等不同维度贫困间的脱钩关系进行研究。研究结果表明：① 随着旅游的发展,西南地区贫困县的综合贫困状况得到改善,但改善程度表现出不稳定性并逐渐放缓;② 随着旅游发展,西南地区贫困县经济和社会福利贫困某种程度上得到改善,医疗贫困得到较大改善,教育贫困基本未得到改变;③ 西南地区不同省份贫困县的旅游扶贫发展存在空间差异性,贵州贫困县表现最好。本研究对于深度了解旅游扶贫现状,进一步发挥旅游的多维扶贫作用具有重要意义。  相似文献   

农户生计对气候变化的恢复力研究综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

熊思鸿  阎建忠  吴雅 《地理研究》2020,39(8):1934-1946

随着气候变化对自然生态环境和社会经济可持续发展影响的不断加剧,恢复力逐渐成为应对气候变化的一种新理念。首先梳理了不同领域恢复力概念,进而阐述了农户生计对气候变化的恢复力的科学内涵及研究框架。然后重点分析了农户生计对气候变化的恢复力在资本、政府机构、自组织能力和学习能力四方面的具体表现。最后从定性和定量两方面归纳了生计恢复力的度量方法。定性评价方法主要包括农户问卷调查、关键线人访谈、重点小组讨论、生计轨迹方法和案例分析等,定量评价方法包括指标替代法、结构动力学分析法、贝叶斯网络模型法、基准线对比法等。未来研究应注重完善农户生计对气候变化的恢复力评价方法、加强农户生计对气候变化的恢复力动态研究并且开展区域间农户生计对气候变化的恢复力对比研究。  相似文献   

贫困山区农户人力资本对生计策略的影响研究——以四川省凉山彝族自治州为例     

何仁伟  方方  刘运伟 《地理科学进展》2019,38(9):1282-1893

人力资本是构建农户生计的关键要素,从人力资本视角探讨农户生计选择对于推动农户生计转型、实现乡村振兴具有重要意义。论文以西南贫困山区四川省凉山彝族自治州为案例区,采用2018年508个农户样本数据,应用回归模型,估算了人力资本对农户生计策略的影响。结果表明：人力资本是山区农户生计选择的重要影响因素,不同类型人力资本对农户生计策略的影响不同,且具有明显的空间差异。教育文化、健康状况对非农生计策略的选择具有正向影响,且高山区>二半山区>河谷区,健康状况对河谷区农户生计选择影响不显著;非农技能培训对非农生计策略选择具有显著的正向影响,且高山区>二半山区>河谷区;农业技能培训对非农生计策略选择具有负向影响,且高山区<二半山区<河谷区,但其对高山区农户生计选择并不显著;青壮年劳动力倾向于选择非农生计,务农人口老龄化问题严峻,高山区表现最为突出,二半山区次之,河谷区较不明显。最后,根据研究结论,探讨了人力资本、劳动力转移与乡村发展之间辩证关系及相关政策建议。  相似文献   

The stamp of neoliberalism on the UK tonnage tax and the implications for British seafaring     

Victor Oyaro Gekara 《Marine Policy》2010

In 2000 the UK adopted a tonnage tax strategy on ships and related businesses as the main strategy for revitalising its declining shipping industry. In line with EU policy on shipping, UK registered shipping companies were offered fiscal incentives based on reduced corporation taxes while labour was offered support for training. Almost a decade since the introduction of the tax it is clear that the strategy has delivered for business but not for labour. This paper considers the nature and limits of state intervention per se in declining economic sectors in the context of globalisation and a neoliberal approach to governance. It concludes that the problem is often not state intervention but rather the form of intervention, namely one that panders to, and is constrained by, neoliberalism.  相似文献   

多面函数法在丘陵区GPS水准拟合中的应用研究     

管真  石风淼  唐秀蓉 《东北测绘》2012,(1):124-126

为提高丘陵地区GPS水准拟合精度,建立适合当地测区的拟合模型,采用多面函数法对高程异常进行拟合。通过实例对模型关键问题和拟合精度进行了分析,重点研究光滑因子的选取对核函数的影响,并与二次曲面拟合法相对比,进行了精度分析。  相似文献   

Access to natural resources and conflicts between farmers and agro‐pastoralists in Borkena Wetland,north‐eastern Ethiopia     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(3):97-112

This case study on the Borkena wetlands in north‐eastern Ethiopia tells, through the voices of the inhabitants, the story of the occupation and management of an area where agro‐pastoralists (Urrane) and farmers have progressively settled. It shows how different policy changes and natural disasters have transformed the type of peoples' livelihoods and land use patterns in the wetland. It tells the history of relationships between smallholder peasants, irrigation farmers, commercial farms, and the Urrane, where conflicts as well as collaboration developed, and it shows how different stakeholders behave and consider their own situation. The study also reveals that development intervention by World Vision Ethiopia (WVE) had mixed impact on peoples' livelihoods in the wetland: sedentary peasants have benefited while the Urrane have been adversely affected. The main issue is the marginalization of pastoralists, with the denial of their traditional land use rights by three successive regimes and administrations. Any solution to the cohabitation of the different groups and livelihoods will have to address the issue of land rights for the pastoralists and promote the fair participation of all stakeholders in the future management of the wetlands. Good governance and the competence of the state actors at local levels are the crucial issues for the realization of the suggested solutions.  相似文献   

Theorizing food insecurity: building a livelihood vulnerability framework for researching food insecurity     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(1):23-37

Food insecurity and increasing impoverishment of the masses in developing countries constitute a challenge for social scientists, whose theories have tried to catch up with the enormous challenges of diversity, dynamism and the impacts of the forces of­‘glocalisation’. This article reviews the efforts in the social sciences towards understanding food insecurity and suggests a framework incorporating dynamism and diversity in rural communities in the research process. Structural changes affecting peasant economies and peasant responses make existing general theories inappropriate without a contextual treatment. Insights from existing theories are used to construct a livelihood vulnerability framework for researching and understanding food insecurity in rural areas.  相似文献   

试论《白鹿原》人物身份的多维性特征     

叶澜涛 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(5)

《白鹿原》中的人物身份具有多维性,这种多维性主要体现在人物具有多重政党身份和民间身份。多重身份的出现模糊了人物的阶级属性,这在白嘉轩与鹿子霖,白孝文与黑娃等人物身上体现较为明显。而真正决定人物身份先进性的标准变成了民间伦理道德,这显示出作者对历史的独立思考。  相似文献   

A new mapping of the world for the new millennium   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter J. Taylor  Michael Hoyler  David R.F. Walker  & Mark J. Szegner 《The Geographical journal》2001,167(3):213-222

A new mapping of the world derived from connections between cities is presented as a complement to the traditional world map of countries. Under conditions of contemporary globalization world cities have emerged as global service centres. These have been created by the location strategies of leading corporate service firms (e.g. in accountancy) in setting up their global office networks. Data on the offices of 46 global service firms in 55 world cities are used to define service connections between cities. Connections are converted into measures of network proximity and a multidimensional scaling is applied to these 'distances' to create a 'global service space' of cities. This new mapping of the world shows a distinctive centric structure with the major world cities (e.g. London) at the core. Investigation of this general structure reveals more subtle patterns of interacting regional and hierarchical tendencies.  相似文献