基于污染足迹模型的湖州市农业污染评估     

李静  焦雯珺  闵庆文  李文华  赵军凯 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(1):93-99

太湖流域的水环境质量呈现严重恶化趋势,农业污染物的排放是太湖流域水体环境恶化的主要原因之一。农业污染物主要来源于种植业、畜禽养殖业和水产养殖业的生产过程,不同于以往分开论述三者对水环境的影响,本文基于全国第一次污染普查数据,运用污染足迹模型定量分析了湖州市农业面源(种植业、畜禽养殖业和水产养殖业)对水环境的影响。研究结果表明:(1)农业生产产生的污染物对水环境的影响排序为:磷>氮>有机物;(2)各农业生产类型对水环境的影响排序为:水产养殖业>种植业>畜禽养殖业;(3)湖州市各区县对水环境的影响也存在着明显的空间差异。通过对湖州市农业污染足迹评估,可以明确地提出哪种污染物类型、农业生产类型和区域是湖州市农业面源污染治理的重点。研究结果可以为太湖流域农业的可持续发展和水资源的可持续利用提供一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1988,40(2):248-258

Book Reviews in are this Article Northern Waters . Clive Archer and David Scivener , EDS. Principles of Geographical Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment . P. A. Burrough . The Great Lakes: An Environmental Atlas and Resource Book. Environment Canada , United States Environmental Protection Agency , Brock University , AND Northwestern University . Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State. Rays Hudson AND Jim Lewis , EDS. Hazards: Technology and Fairness. Robert W. Kates and Alvin M. Weinberg . The Price of War. Urbanization in Vietnam 1954–85. Nigel Thrift and Dean Forbes . Population Structures and Models: Developments in Spatial Demography. Robert Woods and Philip Rees , EDS. Evaluating Earthquake Hazards in the Los Angeles Region-An Earth-Science Perspective. J. I. Ziony , ed .  相似文献   

滹沱河流域本底状态地表水氮、磷非点源污染评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孟令尧  史密伟  闫新兴  卢虹  朱晓磊 《地理与地理信息科学》2009,25(3)

通过对滹沱河流域各支流源头区地表水中氮、磷浓度监测分析,得出本底状态下总氮浓度为0.223～5.631 mg/L,氨氮浓度范围为未检出～0.634 mg/L,可溶态氮浓度为0.190～5.532 mg/L,总磷浓度为0.024～0.683 mg/L,可溶态磷浓度为0.026～0.220 mg/L.本底状态下各水文期氮的非点源污染形态都以可溶态氮为主;磷的非点源污染形态枯水期以可溶态磷居多,丰水期以颗粒态磷为主.滹沱河流域本底状态下氮、磷非点源污染水平较高.  相似文献   

Factors controlling the groundwater transport of U, Th, Ra, and Rn   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Tricca  D. Porcelli  G. J. Wasserburg 《Journal of Earth System Science》2000,109(1):95-108

A model for the groundwater transport of naturally occurring U, Th, Ra, and Rn nuclides in the²³⁸U and²³²Th decay series is discussed. The model developed here takes into account transport by advection and the physico-chemical processes of weathering, decay, α-recoil, and sorption at the water-rock interface. It describes the evolution along a flowline of the activities of the²³⁸U and²³²Th decay series nuclides in groundwater. Simple sets of relationships governing the activities of the various species in solution are derived, and these can be used both to calculate effective retardation factors and to interpret groundwater data. For the activities of each nuclide, a general solution to the transport equation has been obtained, which shows that the activities reach a constant value after a distance ϰ_i, characteristic of each nuclide. Where ϰ_i is much longer than the aquifer length, (for²³⁸U,²³⁴U, and²³²Th), the activities grow linearly with distance. Where gKⁱ is short compared to the aquifer length, (for²³⁴Th,²³⁰Th,²²⁸Th,²²⁸Ra, and²²⁴Ra), the activities rapidly reach a constant or quasi-constant activity value. For²²⁶Ra and²²²Rn, the limiting activity is reached after 1 km. High δ²³⁴U values (proportional to the ratio^ɛ234Th/^W238U) can be obtained through high recoil fraction and/or low weathering rates. The activity ratios²³⁰Th/²³²Th,²²⁸Ra/²²⁶Ra and²²⁴Ra/²²⁶Ra have been considered in the cases where either weathering or recoil is the predominant process of input from the mineral grain. Typical values for weathering rates and recoil fractions for a sandy aquifer indicate that recoil is the dominant process for Th isotopic ratios in the water. Measured data for Ra isotope activity ratios indicate that recoil is the process generally controlling the Ra isotopic composition in water. Higher isotopic ratios can be explained by different desorption kinetics of Ra. However, the model does not provide an explanation for²²⁸Ra/²²⁶Ra and²²⁴Ra/²²⁶Ra activity ratios less than unity. From the model, the highest²²²Rn emanation equals 2ɛ. This is in agreement with the hypothesis that²²²Rn activity can be used as a first approximation for input by recoil (Krishnaswamiet al 1982). However, high²²²Rn emanation cannot be explained by production from the surface layer as formulated in the model. Other possibilities involve models including surface precipitation, where the surface layer is not in steady-state.  相似文献   

于桥水库流域农业非点源磷污染控制区划研究   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

张淑荣  陈利顶  傅伯杰 《地理科学》2004,24(2):232-237

以于桥水库流域28个次级小流域作为区划对象,以影响该区域农业非点源磷污染的6个主要因子,包括降雨侵蚀力因子(R),土壤可蚀性因子(K),地形因子(LS),植被覆盖因子(C)以及土壤有效磷含量(SAP)和化肥磷施用量(FP),作为区划因子,采用系统聚类法进行区划,将于桥水库流域分为4类磷污染控制类型区,分析了各个类型区的生态环境特征、农业非点源磷污染特征和主要影响因子,提出相应的控制措施。为进一步进行更深入的研究提供科学依据。  相似文献   

保守污染物水环境容量计算方法及其在大辽河流域的应用   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李璇 《气象与环境学报》2006,22(2):26-29

根据保守污染物的迁移、转化特点,提出保守污染物水环境容量计算方法,并将这种方法应用于大辽河流域,得到地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)中规定的各种保守污染物的水环境容量,为流域保守污染物水环境容量总量控制提供了一种技术方法。  相似文献   

Analysis of the Water Environmental Capacity of Zhongba-Nyingchi Section of the Yarlung Tsangpo River     

ZHAO Xiang  LIU Zhaofei  WANG Rui  YAO Zhijun 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(6):690-699

The Yarlung Tsangpo River, the longest river in Tibet, houses most of the population and economy in Tibet Autonomous province. Under the rapid development of economy and society in Tibet, the pollution in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin has rapidly increased. Evaluating water quality and water environmental capacity is needed for water resource management in Tibet. This study used a single factor evaluation method to evaluate water quality of the Zhongba-Nyingchi section of the Yarlung Tsangpo River based on measured data of COD_Cr, NH3-N and TP in the study area. Based on these data, determinations of ideal water environmental capacity, emissions of pollutants and remaining water environmental capacity of the study area were made by a one-dimensional steady water quality model under either section-head control or cross-section control. The data indicate that most of the monitoring sections in the study area experienced good water quality. The three pollutants all had large remaining water environmental capacity generally, but TP exceeded state levels in the two upstream functional areas, and levels above state standards of COD_Cr and TP were found in several calculation cells of the two downstream functional areas. Therefore, emissions of pollutants need to be reduced to protect the water environment quality of the Yarlung Tsangpo River.  相似文献   

Accumulation discrepancy of heavy metal and organic pollutants in three near-shore depositional environments, southeastern China     

Huan-Xin Weng  Yang-Ming Zhu  Ya-Chao Qin  Jian-Yu Chen  Xun-Hong Chen   《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2008,31(4-6):522-532

Heavy metal and organic pollutants in sediments along the coastal zone of southeastern China have been investigated. Sediment samples are retrieved from three depositional environments: coast, estuary, and tide-affected river mouth. The relative abundance of heavy metal and organic pollutants is related to their geochemical properties as well as depositional environments and anthropogenic discharge. Based on a sequential extraction method, it is revealed that anthropogenic Pb, Cr, Cu, and Cd are mainly bound to Fe–Mn oxides, suggesting that adsorption and co-precipitation of Fe–Mn oxides are in the control of their transfer processes from water column to sediment. Heavy metal bound to carbonates is also an important pool especially for Cd, Mn, and Pb. The main organic pollutants found in the study area include petroleum-related alkanes, phthalic acid ester, organic silicon, chlorophenol, phenyl ether, and amine. The accumulation of heavy metals and organics in surficial sediments has a decrease tendency from estuarine environment to coastal environment and to tide-affected river mouth.  相似文献   

基于粮食安全的村镇区域农用地质量综合评价系统设计及其应用     

刘以  张扬  方乐道 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(2):24-26

基于ArcGIS Obejects,设计并开发了基于粮食安全的村镇区域农用地质量综合评价系统,该系统能够对不同尺度的农用地进行评价,特别是村镇区域,充分考虑了污染物对农用地质量的影响,融合了多种指标获取、指标量化、权重确定、分值计算等技术,并能够对评价的成果进行专题图的制作,适用于不同目的的农用地质量评价。  相似文献   

Choosing the Right Policy Tools to Encourage Watershed Stewardship through the Study of Attitude     

Matt DeAngelo  Max Nielsen-Pincus 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(11):1328-1342

Recently, a number of “Payment for Watershed Services” programs have aimed to engage private landowners in watershed stewardship initiatives by offering financial incentives for adopting watershed best management practices. However, a growing field of research suggests that financial incentives alone may be of limited utility to encourage widespread and long-standing behavior change, and other policy tools may be required. This research examines how attitudes may influence enrollment in watershed stewardship programs to shed light the application of incentive, capacity building, and symbolic policy tools. We distributed a questionnaire to rural landowners in the Clackamas River watershed, OR, and received 281 valid responses (29% response rate). We found that attitudes associated with trust, ecological understanding, and technical capacity played more fundamental roles compared with financial considerations. We interpret these findings by evaluating the likely efficacy of various policy tools, and stress the importance of engaging landowners by building capacity and trust.  相似文献