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71.
ABSTRACTIn recent years there has been a surge in land investments, primarily in the African continent, but also in Asia and Latin America. This increase in land investment was driven by the food pricing crisis of 2007–2008. Land investors can be identified from a variety of sectors, with actors ranging from hedge funds to national companies. Many water-scarce countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are among these financiers, and primarily invest in Africa. Recognizing the potential for “outsourcing” their food security (and thereby also partly their water security), Middle Eastern countries such as Jordan, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates have invested in land for food production in Africa. The extent to which this is happening is still unclear, as many contracts are not yet official and the extent of the leases is vague. This paper investigates the land investments and acquisitions by Middle Eastern countries. It also seeks to analyse what effect, if any, these investments can have on the potential for conflict reduction and subsequent peacebuilding in the Middle East region as the activity removes pressure from transboundary water resources.
EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis ASSOCIATE EDITOR K. Aggestam 相似文献
72.
Noah Quastel 《Geoforum》2011,42(4):451-461
While geographers have increasingly focused on how global commodity and production networks create new ‘geographies of responsibility’ there has been little empirical work considering how responsibility is worked into management systems and social activism in such networks. Drawing on literature from global production networks, geographies of responsibility and other literatures, this paper explores the dynamic and contested ways in which concepts of responsibility can play a role in network regulation. Both foreign direct investment and commodity networks (here referred to as ‘global production and investment networks’) are subject to complex negotiations and compromises involving corporate social responsibility and sustainability initiatives as well as shareholder activist, human rights, labor, and environmental activism. This is illustrated by reference to conflicts in Canada over Alcan, Inc.’s investments from 1993 to 2007 in the Utkal Alumina Project in Orissa, India. The project involved significant socio-environmental conflict. In Canada, Alcan’s investment was met by civil society campaigns that tested the company’s commitments to sustainability and corporate social responsibility. The case study suggests revising theories of geographies of responsibility. While foreign direct investment can create new relationships between distant others, these are fluid and contingent and not necessarily desirable. Rather than see networks as a source of responsibility we should work to ensure that the relationships that networks foster be structured to ensure our deeper values are respected. 相似文献
73.
矿产资源是国民经济和社会发展的重要物质基础,矿产资源的勘探、开发利用对国民经济的持续发展起到重要的保障和促进作用.而我国矿业企业正处于一个全新的发展时期,上市难度大,还需不断完善矿业资本市场,加速发展矿业资本市场风险投资以解决日益凸昱的资金缺乏问题,促进我国矿业企业发展为具有国际竞争力的矿业集团. 相似文献
74.
从计划经济到市场经济体制,从不同角度阐述了探矿权的取得和流转过程以及资源的开发和利用。有偿取得矿权,意味着探矿权有了财产权属性。资源储量成了矿政管理的基础,进而有利于加快勘查进程,提高勘查找矿的经济效益,促进勘查投资主体多元化的发展,使资源利用真正做到市场配置。 相似文献
75.
Islands are often considered to be a priority for conservation, because of their relatively high levels of biodiversity and their vulnerability to a range of natural and anthropogenic threats. However, the capacity of islands to conserve and manage biodiversity may depend upon their governance structures. Many island states are affiliated to other countries through an ‘overseas territory’ status, which may provide them with access to resources and support mechanisms, but which may also influence the capacity for local-scale management of environmental issues. The United Kingdom has 12 island Overseas Territories (UKOTs), most of which support biodiversity of high conservation concern. This study investigates perceptions of current and future threats to marine ecosystems and constraints to environmental protection on the six Caribbean UKOTs, through semi-structured interviews with officials from UK and UKOT government departments and non-governmental organisations. Coastal development, pollution and over-fishing were perceived as threats of most concern for the next decade, but climate change was perceived as by far the greatest future threat to the islands' marine ecosystems. However, a series of common institutional limitations that currently constrain mitigation and conservation efforts were also identified, including insufficient personnel and financial support, a lack of long-term, sustainable projects for persistent environmental problems and inadequate environmental legislation. These findings highlight the need for regional cooperation and capacity-building throughout the Caribbean and a more concerted approach to an UKOT environmental management by the UK and UKOTs' governments. 相似文献
76.
选取2000—2009年江苏省和广东省为样本,考虑到技术溢出可能存在非线性和滞后性,构建引入了溢出变量的二次项和滞后一期的工业增加值面板数据模型,实证考察了外商直接投资在苏粤两省制造业各子行业产生的技术溢出效应。分析结果表明:江苏省FDI存在显著的行业内和后向技术溢出效应,广东省存在显著的行业内和行业间技术溢出效应。进一步通过对两省实证结果的对比,得出结论并提出政策建议。 相似文献
77.
中国异地投资网络结构演化及影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着城市间经济联系日益密切,资本跨区域流动逐渐成为影响区域发展的关键因素,企业异地投资是资本流动的微观体现,探讨企业异地投资特征对于区域发展具有重要意义。为此,论文以1998—2018年中国上市企业异地投资数据为研究对象,构建中国异地投资网络,从全国和东中西3大地区角度分析异地投资网络的空间演化特征及影响因素。研究发现:全国和3大地区异地投资网络节点中心性空间集聚特征明显,主要集中在5大城市群地区;异地投资网络空间上表现出明显的层级结构、空间集聚性、路径依赖等特征;投资净流入和净流出城市仍主要位于东部地区,但投资活动存在向中部和西部发展的趋势;城市的经济发展水平、产业结构、金融环境等均对全国和东中西3大地区呈现差异化的影响。 相似文献
78.
Structural vibration passive control and economic analysis of a high-rise building in Beijing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Performance analysis of the Pangu Plaza under earthquake and wind loads is described in this paper.The plaza is a 39-story steel high-rise building,191 m high,located in Beijing close to the 2008 Olympic main stadium.It has both fluid viscous dampers(FVDs) and buckling restrained braces or unbonded brace(BRB or UBB) installed.A repeated iteration procedure in its design and analysis was adopted for optimization.Results from the seismic response analysis in the horizontal and vertical directions show that th... 相似文献
79.
80.
The establishment of local self-government was a key part of the post-1989 transformation in East and Central Europe. Local
government in both Western and East and Central Europe has increasingly been expected to play a role in local economic development
(LED). Local government is one important agent in the complex processes of building 'institutional thickness' to ensure the
development of local economies and the quality of life of inhabitants. This paper presents the results of a national postal
questionnaire survey of the LED role of the lowest level of local self-government in Poland, the gmina or commune. The paper
establishes a baseline of knowledge regarding: the local economic problems faced by communes; their attitudinal, strategic
and organisational responses; and the main factors which are hindering the communes' LED role.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献