地物化方法在航磁异常查证中的应用     

田宇  祁程  杨金政  沈正新  汪哲  张文峰 《地质与资源》2018,27(4):406-410

航磁异常查证是矿产勘查中的一个重要环节,其目的是通过地面查证,确定异常是否存在,追踪异常源,了解异常源所处的地质环境,对异常作出客观评价,提出进一步工作的建议,为后续资料解释提供依据.通过使用地物化综合方法对黑C-2011-02243号异常查证发现：地质剖面测量和土壤地球化学测量可在地表发现较好的找矿线索;高精度磁测及激电中梯测量则反映了深部地质体及矿化特征.依据查证结果认为,在进行航磁异常查证工作时,可优先进行剖面性的地质、高精度磁法及土壤地球化学测量工作;在分析上述测量结果的基础上安排剖面性的电法测量;如存在进一步找矿信息,可安排面积性物化探测量及工程验证工作.  相似文献   

The global search and commercialization of alternatives and substitutes for ozone-depleting substances     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2018,350(7):410-424

The Montreal Protocol has halted 99% of global production of chemical substances that deplete stratospheric ozone, which protects life on earth from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UVB) radiation. UVB causes skin cancer and cataracts, suppresses the human immune system, destroys plastics, and damages agricultural crops and natural ecosystems. Because ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) are powerful greenhouse gases, the Montreal Protocol also protects climate. From the authors’ perspectives in multiple roles as environmental entrepreneurs, practitioners, and authorities, this paper explains how individuals, companies, and military organizations researched, developed, commercialized and implemented alternatives to ODSs that are also safer for climate. With the benefit of hindsight, the authors reflect on what was neglected or done badly under the Montreal Protocol and present lessons learned on how Montreal Protocol institutions can be renewed and revitalized to phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).  相似文献   

Twenty-five years of spectral UV-B measurements over Canada,Europe and Japan: Trends and effects from changes in ozone,aerosols, clouds,and surface reflectivity     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2018,350(7):393-402

Spectral UV records of solar irradiance at stations over Europe, Canada, and Japan were used to study long-term trends at 307.5 nm for a 25-year period, from 1992 to 2016. Ground-based measurements of total ozone, as well as satellite measurements of the Aerosol Index, the Total Cloud Cover and the surface reflectivity were also used in order to attribute the estimated changes of the UV to the corresponding changes of these factors. The present study shows that over the Northern Hemisphere, the long-term changes in UV-B radiation reaching the Earth's surface vary significantly over different locations, and that the main drivers of these variations are changes in aerosols and total ozone. At high latitudes, part of the observed changes may also be attributed to changes in the surface reflectivity. Over Japan, the UV-B irradiance at 307.5 nm has increased significantly by ∼3%/decade during the past 25 years, possibly due to the corresponding significant decrease of its absorption by aerosols. It was found that the greatest part of this increase took place before the mid-2000s. The only European station, over which UV radiation increases significantly, is that of Thessaloniki, Greece. Analysis of the clear-sky irradiance for the particular station shows increasing irradiance at 307.5 nm by ∼3.5%/decade during the entire period of study, with an increasing rate of change during the last decade, possibly again due to the decreasing absorption by aerosols.  相似文献   

Geology of the Yap Trench: new observations from a transect near 10°N from manned submersible Jiaolong     

Yaomin Yang  Jinwei Gao  Liyan Tian  Jichao Yang  Yue Xu 《International Geology Review》2018,60(16):1941-1953

This paper describes the petrology and geochemistry of rocks from the Yap Trench acquired by three dives of the Jiaolong research submarine. Combining the geophysical data and submersible observations, this paper describes the geomorphology, shallow structures, and sedimentology of the Yap Trench and further discusses the tectonics and activities of this region. Two obvious slope breaks are found on the landward slope, and horsts and grabens with small fault offsets are observed in the ocean-ward slope of the trench. Peridotites sampled from the Yap Trench inner wall are highly depleted subduction-related mantle residues. Volcanic rocks in the northern segment of the trench have subduction-related characteristics that Yap fore-arc rocks underwent metasomatism during Cenozoic subduction. The rocks with remarkable lithologic difference from lithospheric mantle and upper crust sampled in the break slopes suggest that the slope break area may represent a lithologic boundary or transition zone. The landward slope of the Yap Trench was removed by subduction erosion as a result of collision with the Caroline Ridge. The bending of the down-going plate caused normal faults, horsts, and grabens with little or no sediments indicating that the Caroline Ridge is subducting beneath the Yap arc along the trench even though the convergence rate is very slow.  相似文献   

香龙山背斜几何学、运动学及成因机制          下载免费PDF全文

邓铭哲何登发  李英强张煜颖 张旭亮 《地质科学》2018,(1):289-307

华南板块北侧大巴山构造带和内部雪峰山构造带的关系是华南板块陆内构造变形研究的重要内容。香龙山背斜位于大巴山构造带和雪峰山构造带之间,记录了两构造带相互复合、相互协调的重要信息。为研究香龙山背斜的几何学、运动学特征,分析其形成机制,本次研究利用香龙山地区最新的地震剖面,结合地质图分析、浅表地质剖面绘制等手段,取得了如下结论：1） 香龙山背斜为一短轴状背斜,背斜具有较为宽阔、平坦的顶部和较短的两翼,其西南侧发育构造鼻;2） 香龙山背斜的主要运动学模型为下部断层转折褶皱与上部构造楔复合的模型,其地层变形受到基底物质堆叠抬升的影响;3） 香龙山背斜形成于晚侏罗世-早白垩世,在古近纪遭受改造,这两个变形时期分别对应了香龙山背斜形成现今形态的两个阶段。香龙山背斜南北方向上缩短了11.4 km,缩短率为22.7%;4） 香龙山背斜是在雪峰山构造带北向挤压作用下,由来自大巴山构造带、雪峰山构造带的共同作用力形成的,后期改造作用可能受控于青藏高原了隆升对整个中国中、西部的影响。  相似文献   

Whole-rock chemistry of the Gameleira I uranium deposit,Lagoa Real,Brazil     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(1):125677

The Lagoa Real uranium (U) province, referred to as Lagoa Real, is located in the state of Bahia, north-eastern Brazil. Lagoa Real has ∼112,000 metric tonnes and average grade of 2700 ppm of U₃O₈, being one of the largest U deposits in the world and the largest in Brazil. Despite its economic and strategic importance, there are gaps in the geological knowledge of the Lagoa Real U deposits. One of them is the lack of extensive whole-rock chemical data sets. Here, we present whole-rock chemical analyses for major and trace elements, including the rare-earth elements (REE), from barren country rocks to uraniferous ore shoot, systematically sampled from an exploratory drill hole. The chemical data indicate that albitite rocks, with and without uraniferous mineralisation, cannot result from sodic syenitic magmatism, as proposed by recent studies. Petrographical and geochemical evidence supports the previously suggested concept that the Lagoa Real albitite rocks resulted from sodic metasomatism of the granitic country rock, known as the São Timóteo granite. Their ore-mineral assemblages and geochemical characteristics are similar to albitite-hosted U deposits worldwide.  相似文献   

基于深反射地震剖面的沂沭断裂带岩石圈精细结构     

张尚坤  罗文强  于学峰  田京祥  唐璐璐  陈军  杨斌  杜圣贤  刘凤臣  仵康林 《地质学报》2021,95(11):3192-3204

为揭示沂沭断裂带深部结构及发生—发展过程,查清断裂切割深度及对岩石圈地幔的破坏,探讨沂沭断裂带的构造组合样式、运动方式、地壳稳定性及其对资源环境的约束作用,研究团队于2019年在沂沭断裂带南段沂南—莒县附近布设了一条长约60 km的深反射地震剖面,系统采集了沂沭断裂带和两侧地块的地震数据,对沂沭断裂带深部岩石圈精细结构进行了解剖.结果显示,该区岩石圈结构在横向上表现为以沂沭断裂带为界的块状结构特征,地壳厚度约30.8～39.5 km;莫霍面总体呈西浅东深态势,并被西倾的沂水—汤头断裂(F2)和昌邑—大店断裂(F4)错断,垂直落差达10.5 km.与浅部"两堑夹一垒"的构造组合样式不同的是,沂沭断裂带在深部剖面上表现为由沂水—汤头断裂(F2)和昌邑—大店断裂(F4)向上延伸与分叉散开的多条断裂组成"双枝状"构造组合样式.断裂带内被断层切割的界面反射波多呈向上的拱弧形,其构造形迹具有伸展、挤压和走滑并存的特征,推断这些界面为层间滑脱构造,它们指示了沂沭断裂带"多层滑移"构造运动方式.该断裂带不仅切穿了近地表、壳内地质界面,F2、F4断裂还向下切割莫霍面,深入岩石圈地幔,是深达地幔的深大断裂构造带,为地幔热物质的上涌提供了通道,对中生代的岩浆活动和内生成矿具有控制作用.地震剖面西端的铜井金矿成矿与沿F2断裂上侵的铜井杂岩体关系密切;剖面东端的火山机构保存完整,没有明显构造破坏痕迹,据此认为沂沭断裂带左行走滑主要发生在早白垩世青山期以前,其后水平滑移量应不大.从区域地质分布及地震反演结果看,昌邑—大店断裂(F4)明显将山东省分割为鲁西和鲁东两个地质构造单元,因此将其作为区域地质构造分界线是合理的.本项研究结果进一步加深了沂沭断裂带深、浅部结构的认识,为分析研究沂沭断裂带的深部过程和浅部构造响应及对资源环境的影响提供了资料约束.  相似文献   

2015年11月沈阳地区一次PM2.5重污染过程综合分析     

杨磊  陈传雷  曹世腾  孙丽  崔曜鹏  蒋超  黄海亮  陈宇  杨雪 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(3):37-44

利用多源观测资料综合分析了2015年11月沈阳地区一次PM2.5 重污染天气的气象条件、垂直风场演变、大气边界层特征以及污染物的来源。结果表明:本次重污染过程中,沈阳市区PM2.5浓度长达81h超过250μg · m^-3 ,其中峰值浓度达到1287μg · m^-3 ,重污染期间PM2.5 /PM10 的比例最高为90%。受地面倒槽和黄淮气旋影响,近地面层持续存在的逆温层、高相对湿度和弱偏北风为颗粒物吸湿增长和长时间聚集提供有利的天气条件。风廓线雷达风场资料显示在重污染期间,近地面层存在弱风速区、凌乱风场和弱下沉气流。利用风廓线雷达资料计算了边界层通风量(Ventilation Index,VI)和局地环流指数(Recirculation,R),边界层通风量VI和PM2.5 存在明显的负相关,非污染日VI是重污染日的2倍,局地环流指数R在重污染天气前大于0.9,而在污染期间部分空间R小于0.8。通过后向轨迹模式和火点监测资料分析发现,沈阳上空300m高度气团来自于生物质燃烧区域,而且沈阳地区NO2和CO浓度的变化与PM2.5一致,说明本次重污染过程也可能和生物质燃烧有关。  相似文献   

The cause of the spring strengthening of the Antarctic polar vortex     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2019

The stratospheric polar vortex strengthening from late winter to spring plays a crucial role in polar ozone depletion. The Arctic polar vortex reaches its peak intensity in mid-winter, whereas the Antarctic vortex usually strengthens in early spring. As a result, the strong ozone depletion is observed every year over the Antarctic, while over the Arctic short-term ozone loss occasionally occurs in late winter or early spring. However, the cause of such a difference in the life cycles of the Arctic and Antarctic polar vortices is still not completely clear. Based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis data, we show a high agreement between the seasonal variations of temperature in the subtropical lower stratosphere and zonal wind in the subpolar and polar lower stratosphere in the Southern Hemisphere. Thus, the spring strengthening of the Antarctic polar vortex can occur due to the seasonal temperature increase in the subtropical lower stratosphere in this period.  相似文献   

Interannual and Decadal Changes in Tropospheric Ozone in China and the Associated Chemistry–Climate Interactions: A Review     

Yu FU  Hong LIAO  Yang YANG 《大气科学进展》2019,36(9):975-993

China has been experiencing widespread air pollution due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in recent decades.The two major concerns of ambient air quality in China are particulate matter(PM) and tropospheric ozone(O_3). With the implementation of air pollution prevention and control actions in the last five years, the PM pollution in China has been substantially reduced. In contrast, under the conditions of the urban air pollution complex, the elevated O_3 levels in city clusters of eastern China, especially in warm seasons, have drawn increasing attention. Emissions of air pollutants and their precursors not only contribute to regional air quality, but also alter climate. Climate change in turn can change chemical processes, long-range transport, and local meteorology that influence air pollution. Compared to PM, less is known about O_3 pollution and its climate effects over China. Here, we present a review of the main findings from the literature over the period 2011–18 with regard to the characteristics of O_3 concentrations in China and the mechanisms that drive its interannual to decadal variations, aiming to identify robust conclusions that may guide decision-making for emissions control and to highlight critical knowledge gaps. We also review regional and global modeling studies that have investigated the impacts of tropospheric O_3 on climate, as well as the projections of future tropospheric O_3 owing to climate and/or emission changes.  相似文献