Tephra‐linked peat humification records from Irish ombrotrophic bogs question nature of solar forcing at 850 cal. yr BC     

G. Plunkett 《第四纪科学杂志》2006,21(1):9-16

This paper investigates evidence for palaeoclimatic changes during the period ca. 1500–500 cal. yr BC through peat humification studies on seven Irish ombrotrophic bogs. The sites are well‐correlated by the identification of three mid‐first millennium BC tephras, which enable the humification records at specific points in time to be directly compared. Phases of temporarily increased wetness are suggested at ca. 1300–1250 cal. yr BC , ca. 1150–1050 cal. yr BC , ca. 940 cal. yr BC and ca. 740 cal. yr BC . The last of these is confirmed to be synchronous at five sites, suggesting external forcing on a regional scale. The timing of this wet‐shift is constrained by two closely dated tephras and is demonstrated to be distinct from the widely reported changes to cooler/wetter conditions associated with a solar minimum at 850–760 cal. yr BC , at which time the Irish sites appear instead to experience drier conditions. The results suggest the possibility of either non‐uniform responses to solar forcing in northwest Europe at this time, or the existence of unrelated climate events in the early first millennium BC . The findings caution against the correlation of loosely dated palaeoclimate data if the effects of forcing mechanisms are to be understood. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

RELATIVE BRIGHTNESS INDEX AND IT‘S CLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE FROM LACUSTRINE SEDIMENT OF NAPAHAI LAKE，NORTHWESTERN YUNNAN PLATEAU，CHINA     

YINYong  FANGNian－qiao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2002,12(3):249-253

Information on the palaeoenvironment from Late Pleistocene to Holocene in northwestern Yannan Plateau has been deduced from a study of a 28.81m-long core taken from Napahai Lake.The results from Relative Brightness In-dex(RBI) as well as those from the lithological analyses of bulk sediments,total organic carbon and granulometric analy-ses have been used to reconstruct the environmental and climatic evolution of the area.The ages were provided by three ^14C datings.The record suggested a climate fluctuation between warm-dry and cool-wet from ca.57 to 32ka B.P.which led a shallowing and swamping of the lake.The water level again increased quickly at ca.32ka B.P.,reached itˊs peak during LGM(Last Glacial Maximum,ca.18-20kaB.P.)and remained relative high until ca.15kaB.P.The high wa-ter level at LGM is attributed to cold-wet conditions.The area experienced an abrupt and unstable climatic changes dur-ing the transition period form 15 to 10ka B.P.with a dominated littoral environment.Awarm-dry climate led to the contrac-tion of the lake during the Holocene and reed-swamps became dominant..After a minor wet-cool pulse during the Late Holocene,the modern climate became to be established.  相似文献   

中国含煤岩系古地理及古环境演化研究进展^*          下载免费PDF全文

邵龙义  徐小涛  王帅  王东东  高迪  王学天  鲁静 《古地理学报》2021,23(1):19-20

随着含煤岩系沉积学从最初的旋回层理论到沉积模式,再到现阶段层序地层学理论的发展,中国学者已经在含煤岩系沉积学研究领域取得了显著的成果。(1)层序地层格架下基于可容空间增加速率与泥炭堆积速率之间平衡关系的厚煤层聚集模式受到重视,层序地层学提供了等时性地层单元,用于中国六大聚煤区等时性层序地层格架下岩相古地理的重建,为预测各聚煤期聚煤中心及富煤带的分布起到指导性作用。随着层序地层学理论的深入研究,煤相及沉积有机相的发育特征、研究方法以及划分方案也取得了新的进展。(2)近年来,煤系共伴生矿产已经成为当今煤地质学研究的热点问题之一,含煤盆地的煤层气、页岩气、天然气水合物、铀矿、三稀矿产、石墨等矿产资源具有重要的经济价值,部分共伴生矿产潜在的价值甚至超过煤炭本身。古地理作为研究煤系矿产资源的先决条件,与之联系密切,为这些矿产的研究和勘探提供极大的帮助。(3)煤作为泥炭地的产物和重要的沉积载体,其中蕴藏着丰富的“深时”古气候信息。以米兰科维奇旋回作为地层时间的“度量”工具,可以通过分析煤中碳的聚集速率,进而分析泥炭地的碳聚集速率、净初级生产力以及大气CO₂的变化趋势;而随着对煤中惰质组成因的重新认识,蕴含在煤中的古野火信息越来越受到重视,基于煤中惰质组的含量对地质历史中古泥炭地野火事件以及大气氧含量的估算也成为古环境研究的新方向。中国聚煤模式及聚煤古地理今后的研究需进一步加强对不同构造背景下含煤盆地的层序地层模式、各聚煤期的聚煤古地理及聚煤规律、有益煤系共伴生矿产的古地理重建、含煤岩系“深时”古气候信息以及大数据驱动下的含煤岩系古地理定量化研究等方面的探索。  相似文献   

Palaeo‐environment in an ancient low‐latitude,arid lacustrine basin with loessite: The Smith Bank Formation (Early Triassic) in the Central North Sea,UK Continental Shelf     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(2):335-359

Predominantly fine‐grained strata were deposited in the Smith Bank Formation (Early Triassic) in the Central North Sea area of the Northern Permian Basin. Previously regarded as monotonous red claystone, examination of continuous core reveals abundant stratification, significant variation in colour, siltstone as the prevalent average grain size, and claystone is rare. Loessite occurs beyond the north‐western lacustrine margin, and aerosol dust has inundated clay pellets derived from aeolian reworking of the desiccated lake floor. The loessite has limited evidence of pluvial reworking but rare fossil roots testify to sufficient moisture to sustain plants. Loessite has not previously been differentiated successfully from other fine‐grained strata in the subsurface, but this study defines the presence of random grain‐fabric orientation as an intrinsic unequivocal characteristic of loessite that formed during air‐fall deposition of aerosol dust. Comparison with outcrop data verifies the utility of grain fabric to differentiate loessite. Tosudite, an aluminous di‐octahedral regularly ordered mixed‐layer chlorite/smectite, which is rare in sedimentary rock, forms a significant proportion (10 to 21%) of the clay mineral fraction of loessite along with a similar quantity of kaolinite. In all other samples, only illite and chlorite are identified, which is typical of fine‐grained Triassic strata. In a location, close to the southern lake margin, lacustrine strata are characterized by fining‐upward couplets of very fine‐grained sandstone into siltstone and mudstone, with occasional desiccated surfaces. Small sand injections and associated sand extrusions are common and indicate periodic fluidization of sand. Precise stratigraphic location of the Smith Bank Formation is problematic because of extremely sparse fossil preservation; however, there is no sedimentological evidence for a period of hyperaridity known from the early Olenekian in continental Europe, which may mean that the North Permian Basin was never hyperarid or that the Smith Bank Formation is restricted to the Induan.  相似文献   

Seasonal controls on sediment transport and deposition in Lake Ohau,South Island,New Zealand: Implications for a high‐resolution Holocene palaeoclimate reconstruction          下载免费PDF全文

Heidi A. Roop  Gavin B. Dunbar  Richard Levy  Marcus J. Vandergoes  Alexander L. Forrest  Sharon L. Walker  Jennifer Purdie  Phaedra Upton  James Whinney 《Sedimentology》2015,62(3):826-844

Laminated sediments in Lake Ohau, Mackenzie Basin, New Zealand, offer a potential high‐resolution climate record for the past 17 kyr. Such records are particularly important due to the relative paucity of detailed palaeoclimate data from the Southern Hemisphere mid‐latitudes. This paper presents outcomes of a study of the sedimentation processes of this temperate lake setting. Hydrometeorological, limnological and sedimentological data were collected over a 14 month period between 2011 and 2013. These data indicate that seasonality in the hydrometeorological system in combination with internal lake dynamics drives a distinct seasonal pattern of sediment dispersal and deposition on a basin‐wide scale. Sedimentary layers that accumulate proximal to the lake inflow at the northern end of the lake form in response to discrete inflow events throughout the year and display an event stratigraphy. In contrast, seasonal change in the lake system controls accumulation of light (winter) and dark (summer) laminations at the distal end of the lake, resulting in the preservation of varves. This study documents the key processes influencing sediment deposition throughout Lake Ohau and provides fundamental data for generating a high‐resolution palaeoclimate record from this temperate lake.  相似文献   

四川广元清风峡剖面上泥盆统风暴沉积特征及其古环境意义^*     

黄程  沈宇葳  文馨 《古地理学报》2021,23(6):1094-1109

泥盆纪吉维特期—弗拉期(G-F)之交的环境突变拉开了晚泥盆世生物大灭绝的序幕。然而,不同学者对于该时期环境变化的认识仍存在争议。为了解泥盆纪G-F之交的环境变化特征,通过对四川广元清风峡剖面泥盆系观雾山组中6套风暴岩的详细沉积学研究,识别出了典型的风暴沉积标志,如底面侵蚀构造、粗粒滞留沉积、粒序层理、丘状交错层理等。根据风暴沉积构造的组合特征,建立了3种近源风暴沉积序列: 序列Ⅰ,底部为具侵蚀构造的砾屑灰岩,顶部为块状泥晶灰岩;序列Ⅱ,底部为具侵蚀构造的砾屑灰岩,顶部为具粒序层理的砂屑灰岩;序列Ⅲ,底部为具侵蚀构造的砾屑灰岩,中部为具粒序层理的介壳灰岩,上部为具丘状交错层理的颗粒泥晶灰岩,顶部为具波状层理和水平层理的泥晶灰岩。牙形石生物组合分析显示,风暴岩形成于晚泥盆世弗拉期初期。基于现代风暴成因分析,认为弗拉期初期全球低纬度地区广泛分布的风暴岩与气候变暖和快速海侵密切相关。研究区风暴岩的发现对认识上扬子地区晚泥盆世沉积环境、古地理、古气候均具有重要意义。  相似文献   

新疆库车河地区三叠－侏罗系干酪根显微组分与古环境及古气候   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

黄克难  詹家祯  邹义声  王智  周春梅  肖继南 《古地理学报》2003,5(2):197-208

根据库车河剖面三叠－侏罗系干酪根显微组分的分布特点，将干酪根显微组分划分为５种组合和12种亚组合，结合沉积特征等资料推测每一种亚组合所对应的沉积环境。根据孢粉化石母体植物的生态习性推测三叠－侏罗系沉积时期古气候的变化规律是：由半干旱（俄霍布拉克组）→半潮湿（克拉玛依组下段）→潮湿（克拉玛依组上段－克孜勒努尔组下段）→半干旱、半潮湿（克孜勒努尔组上段－恰克马克组）→半干旱（齐古组、喀拉扎组）；由热带、亚热带型气候（俄霍布拉克组－塔里奇克组）→亚热带－暖温带型气候（阿合组－克孜勒努尔组）→亚热带型气候（恰克马克组－喀拉扎组）。根据干酪根显微组分、沉积特征等资料推测俄霍布拉克组、克拉玛依组上部标志层段、黄山街组二－四段中、下部、阳霞组上部标志层段和恰克马克组为该区三叠－侏罗纪五个主要的湖泊（滨浅湖、半深湖－深湖）发育期；齐古组为洪泛湖泊发育期；塔里奇克组、阳霞组下段和克孜勒努尔组为三个主要的沼泽（以河沼为主，如岸后沼泽、分流间沼泽等）发育期。  相似文献   

疏松质石笋碳酸盐的精确微区取样   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘浴辉  BELSHAW Nick  胡超涌 《岩矿测试》2012,31(1):103-112

高分辨率极端气候事件是古气候研究中的一个热点。作为重要的古气候信息载体之一的石笋,以其每年几十到几百微米的生长速率,为提取高分辨率古气候代用指标提供了可能。而可靠的微区取样则是石笋高分辨率分析的重要前提。本文利用美国New Wave微区取样装置,对微区取样技术在石笋碳酸盐中的应用进行了探讨。在年层并非平直的疏松质石笋表面,于40 μm取样步长内,成功获得了平均质量约为100 μg的石笋微区分析样品。所获得的年内分辨率样品可同时提供微量元素分析和稳定同位素分析。重点讨论了石笋微区取样过程中必须注意的样品固定和取样参数设置等关键问题,提供了有效收集石笋微区样品和避免样品交叉污染的方法。  相似文献   

松辽盆地晚白垩世古气候变化的测井替代指标     

吴欣松  郭娟娟  黄永建  付建伟 《古地理学报》2011,13(1):103-110

寻求指示古气候变化的测井替代指标是近年来古气候研究的重要途径和方向。测井曲线是地层岩 石学、岩石物理学、岩石地球化学特征的综合反映,具有连续性好、纵向分辨率高的特点,为反演古气候变化 提供了新的手段。松科１井作为专门为研究松辽盆地晚白垩世重大地质事件与古气候变化而部署的一口科学探 索井,具有系统的岩心资料和较完整的测井系列资料。文中在对松科１井南孔自然伽马能谱测井资料进行统计 的基础上,结合放射性元素地球化学分析结果,论证了钍／钾比（Th/K） 可以作为指示气候变化良好替代指标 的可行性,并据此对松辽盆地青山口组-嫩江组沉积时期的气候干湿变化进行了反演。结果表明：松辽盆地从 泉头组３段-嫩江组２段沉积时期气候总体表现为从潮湿向半干旱转化的趋势,垂向上可划分为３个完整的干 湿变化旋回。这一研究结论与前人在松辽盆地南部采用古生物学以及元素地球化学分析得出的结论相吻合,表 明根据自然伽马能谱资料统计得出的Yh/K值可以作为反演古气候变化的替代指标。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地白垩纪——新近纪地层颜色韵律与古环境和古气候演化          下载免费PDF全文

王熠哲  吴朝东  马健  房亚男  许酌  周彦希 《古地理学报》2019,21(3):451-468

准噶尔盆地南缘白垩纪—新近纪发育大型陆相浅水湖盆,干湿与冷暖气候频繁交替,形成了多套色彩斑斓的“五彩”地层,如灰色、灰绿色、灰白色、酱红色、红褐色、砖红色、紫红色、土黄色等。研究表明:地层颜色具有很好的沉积环境指示意义,如颜色指标L^*(黑白),a^*(红绿)以及b^*(蓝黄)可以明显区分不同的水下与水上沉积环境(如水上河流—三角洲相、泛滥平原、山麓—冲积扇相等,水下半深湖相、滨浅湖相等);地层颜色演化序列可以很好地指示白垩纪—新近纪古气候的演化过程。红色沉积物既可以形成于干旱炎热的陆上氧化环境,也可以形成于相对还原的水下环境:“陆上红”如东沟组砖红色砂泥岩、紫泥泉子组紫红色泥岩、沙湾组褐红色—土红色泥岩等,40>L^*>52,8>a^*>18,12>b^*>22;“水下红”以呼图壁河组酱红色块状泥岩为特征,35>L^*>45,2.5>a^*>4.5,5>b^*>9。早白垩世准噶尔盆地相对温暖湿润,湖泊广泛分布,颜色指标L^*(黑白)最低值接近15,a^*值介于-5~5之间,指示深灰色—灰黑色泥岩形成于还原环境。晚白垩世地层颜色指标中a^*达到了最高峰(15~25),表明准噶尔盆地气候开始出现干旱炎热趋势;古近纪始新世—渐新世,a^*与b^*值同步变化,出现了明显的负漂趋势(7~15),表明气候逐渐变冷;新近纪a*值出现新低(5~9),而L*值也接近70,表明气候持续变冷。综上所述,白垩纪末期以来,准噶尔盆地受全球气候变冷和青藏高原隆升共同影响,干旱化程度不断加强,地层颜色比较完整地保留和记录了古环境与古气候的发展演化过程。因此,系统的颜色测量和分析可以为恢复与重建中新生代沉积环境与古气候演化提供重要依据,对于探究新生代以来全球气候变化规律也具有重要意义。  相似文献