琼东南盆地天然气水合物成矿远景     

龚跃华  杨胜雄  王宏斌  梁金强  梁劲 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(4):1030-1042

琼东南盆地最新的水合物调查研究发现了大量疑似BSR（bottom simulating reflector）特征的地震反射界面,但BSR特征并不典型。为了解决在BSR特征不甚明显的地区进行天然气水合物识别和成矿远景研究的问题,本文首先通过对调查所取得的第一手资料的综合分析,指出了琼东南盆地海域天然气水合物地球物理标识——BSR识别的局限性;然后从天然气水合物成藏所必须具备的气源、运移通道、有利沉积条件等几个方面出发,探讨了琼东南盆地天然气水合物成藏必须具备的气源、气体运通道和储层等特征,对琼东南盆地天然气水合物地球物理识别标志——BSR判识提供了良好佐证。综合分析认为：琼东南盆地海域的中央坳陷带内发育了大量气烟囱的位置及其附近海底浅层应是天然气水合物发育的重点目标区。  相似文献   

14MaB.P.澳大利亚板块对赤道太平洋影响的数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周波涛  赵平  何金海  王会军 《第四纪研究》2004,24(6):716-723

文章利用美国NASA的GISS海气耦合模式,研究了14MaB.P.时期与现代情景下的澳大利亚板块不同位置对赤道太平洋的影响。结果表明:14MaB.P.澳大利亚板块位置较现代偏南时,海洋次表层南赤道海水穿过印度尼西亚通道直接进入印度洋,注入赤道潜流的南赤道海水减少,使得赤道潜流主要来源于北赤道海水,造成赤道太平洋海温比现在冷,其中以赤道西太平洋海温降低幅度最大。而在海洋近表层赤道中东太平洋地区,由于进入海洋的净能量增加和西向风应力加强的共同作用,使得14MaB.P.时海温较之现代情景下要低0.2℃左右。此外,14MaB.P.澳大利亚板块较现代偏南时,赤道太平洋地区的降水量少于现代。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地东部构造特征及演化定量分析     

马超  吴孔友  裴仰文  李天然 《地质力学学报》2019,25(3):313-323

准噶尔盆地东部地区经历了多期次的构造运动,其构造特征和形成演化机制对该地区的油气勘探和开发具有十分重要的指导意义。运用高分辨率的二维、三维地震、测井数据,优选十条地质格架剖面开展精细构造解释,刻画出不同构造单元的地质结构特征,建立了跨各个构造单元的地质解译模型。在精细构造解译的基础上,基于平衡剖面恢复原理,通过Midland Valley的3D MOVE功能模块对10条地质格架剖面进行构造恢复,并对其各地质时期构造缩短量和缩短速率进行定量表征。准噶尔东部地区缩短量及缩短速率统计分析表明,在东西方向上,三叠纪至侏罗纪缩短量（4.60~11.28 km）及缩短速率最大（0.12~0.20 mm/a）,这一时期准东地区经历了强烈的东西向挤压构造变形;在南北方向上,二叠纪和新近纪末期缩短量（2.56~8.93 km、0.54~6.90 km）及缩短速率最大（0.05~0.15 mm/a、0.02~0.19 mm/a）,这两个时期准东地区经历了强烈的南北向挤压构造变形。   相似文献   

渤海海峡跨海通道围岩条件探查与施工方法分析     

乔二伟  彭华  马秀敏 《地质力学学报》2019,25(4):563-573

渤海海峡跨海通道是连接中国山东半岛与辽东半岛重要的交通运输干线工程,该通道的建成对于推动环渤海地区经济的快速发展及振兴东北老工业基地具有重要意义。而通道区域的围岩条件及岩石的力学性质对于该工程施工方案的优选十分重要。通过区域地质调查、海域地层钻探和地层剖面实测以及岩石力学性质分析表明:通道区域内出露的地层从上到下依次为第四系、新近系与上元古界;其中第四系厚10~120 m,主要是一些松散的沉积物,没有隔水层,稳定性差;新近系不发育,仅在局部地区零星分布,主要由大孔隙的玄武岩构成,其抗压强度等岩石力学性质指标偏低,且低于正常值;而上元古界则由石英岩与石英岩互层的板岩和千枚岩构成,石英岩稳定、坚硬,抗压强度和抗剪强度大,板岩和千枚岩属于软质岩石,遇水易软化。因此,在已有的"全隧道"和"南桥北隧"两种方案基础上,建议渤海海峡跨海通道"北隧"段采用深埋隧道法,即该隧道不仅应穿越上部的第四系和新近系,还要穿越上元古界与石英岩互层的的板岩和千枚岩,而设置于石英岩中。根据通常采用的利用围岩确定隧道最小埋深的挪威法,建议北段隧道的最小埋深应在65 m左右。另外,由于石英岩比较坚硬,因此,渤海海峡跨海通道工程宜采用钻爆法和TBM法进行施工。   相似文献   

Structural evolution within the Luning–Fencemaker fold-thrust belt, Nevada: progression from back-arc basin closure to intra-arc shortening     

Sandra J Wyld  Johannah W Rogers  James E Wright 《Journal of Structural Geology》2001,23(12):1141

The Luning–Fencemaker fold-thrust belt (LFTB) of central Nevada reflects major Mesozoic shortening in the western US Cordillera, and involved contractional deformation in Triassic and lower Jurassic back-arc basinal strata. Structural analyses in the Santa Rosa Range, in the northern LFTB, provide new insight into the evolution of this belt. Four phases of deformation are recognized in the Santa Rosa Range. D₁ involved tight to isoclinal folding, cleavage development under low-grade metamorphic conditions, and reverse faulting. This deformation phase reflects NW–SE shortening of 55–70% in the Early and/or Middle Jurassic. D₂ structures are similar in orientation to D₁ but involved much less overall strain and are well developed only to the southeast. D₂ appears to be related to thrusting along the eastern margin of the LFTB in the Middle and/or Late Jurassic. D₃ deformation reflects very minor shortening (<5%) in a subvertical direction, and is tentatively interpreted to reflect stresses generated during initial intrusion of mid-Cretaceous plutons in the area. D₄ deformation demonstrably occurred synchronously with emplacement of Cretaceous granitoids dated at 102 Ma (U–Pb zircon) based on syntectonic relations between D₄ structures and thermal metamorphism associated with intrusion, and an upgrade in D₄ strain in the thermally softened metamorphic aureoles of the intrusions. This last phase of deformation reflects minor regional NE–SW shortening, coupled with localized strain associated with pluton emplacement.Formation of the LFTB structural province was accomplished during the D₁ and D₂ phases of deformation, and most shortening occurred during the D₁ event. This Jurassic deformation led to structural closure of the back-arc basin by top-to-the-SE tectonic transport and development of a largely ductile fold-thrust belt. Subsequent deformation (D₃ and D₄) is >50 m.y. younger and unrelated to development of the LFTB. The younger deformation reflects a combination of minor regional shortening, interpreted to be related to the Cretaceous Sevier orogeny, plus localized shortening related to emplacement of Cretaceous intrusions.  相似文献   

中国中、新生代含油气盆地成因类型、构造体系及地球动力学模式   总被引：31，自引：12，他引：31  

陈发景  汪新文 《现代地质》1997,11(4):411-424

讨论了中国中、新生代含油气盆地的成因类型、构造体系和地球动力学模式：（１）按照地球动力学背景，将中国中、新生代盆地划分成伸展、缩短挠曲和走滑３种成因类型；（２）提出了含油气盆地构造体系的概念，并按照盆地成因类型、板块构造背景和构造演化讨论了中、新生代含油气盆地构造体系的分布；（３）根据构造几何学、运动学和动力学、火山岩岩石地球化学、基底和岩石圈结构以及地温场等特征，建立了有关大陆内伸展盆地和前陆盆地的地球动力学模式。  相似文献   

Erratic shortening from balanced cross-sections of the western Himalayan foreland basin: causes and implications for basin evolution   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. K. Dubey  R. Misra  S. S. Bhakuni 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2001,19(6)

Balanced cross-sections from the western Himalayan foreland foothill belt reveal a variation in shortening amounts from 22 to 71.3% over a lateral distance of 85 km. The large variation may be attributed to the fact that the method of cross-section balancing considers the initial layering as horizontal, which is an unlikely situation in foreland basins. Simple trigonometric relationships are used to minimize the error in shortening estimates. However, the suggested corrections could not be applied to the Himalayan foreland basin because of unavailability of the required data on initial basin geometry. The study also indicates that shortening rates for the area based on these shortening amounts cannot be used for earthquake prediction.  相似文献   

20世纪末的一次重大地理发现──雅鲁藏布江大峡谷为世界之最的论证   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

杨逸畴  高登义 《地理研究》1996,15(4):1-9

雅鲁藏布江下游围绕喜马拉雅山东端最高峰南迦巴瓦峰(7782m)作奇特的马蹄形大拐弯,连续的深切割在青藏高原东南斜面上,长达496.3km,最深达5382m,是世界上最大的峡谷。它的论证和被发现,是20世纪末一次重大的地理发现。大峡谷是适应板块缝合构造带发育的构造谷,它还是南来水汽进入青藏高原的最大通道,它所造就的独特自然环境和地理景观,以及以生物和水力为主的丰富自然资源,是人类共同的财富。进行世界最大峡谷的地学、生物学理论与应用的系统研究,对大峡谷的开发、规划、永续利用提供科学依据,建立大峡谷自然保护区是当务之急。  相似文献   

Antiplane response of a dike on flexible embedded foundation to incident SH-waves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. I. Todorovska  A. Hayir  M. D. Trifunac 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(7)

The response of an elastic circular wedge on a flexible foundation embedded into a half-space is investigated in the frequency domain for incident pane SH-waves. The problem is solved by expansion of the motion in all three media (wedge, foundation and half-space) in cylindrical wave functions (Fourier-Bessel series). The structural model is simple, but accounts for both differential motions of the base and for the effects of soil-structure interaction. Usually, structural models in earthquake engineering consider either differential ground motion, but ignore soil-structure interaction, or consider soil-structure interaction, but for a rigid foundation, thus ignoring differential ground motion. The purpose of the study is to find how stiff the foundation should be relative to the soil so that the rigid foundation assumption in soil-structure interaction models is valid. The shortest wavelength of the incident waves considered in this study is one equal to the width of the base of the wedge. It is concluded that, for this model, a foundation with same mass density as the soil but 50 times larger shear modulus behaves as ‘rigid’. For ratio of shear moduli less than 16, the rigid foundation assumption is not valid. Considering differential motions is important because of additional stresses in structures that are not predicted by fixed-base and rigid foundation models.  相似文献   

Antiplane response of a dike with flexible soil-structure interface to incident SH waves   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Abdul Hayir  Maria I. Todorovska  Mihailo D. Trifunac 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(7)

Studies of the effects of differential ground motions on structural response generally do not consider the effects of the soil-structure interaction. On the other end, studies of soil-structure interaction commonly assume that the foundation of the structure (surface or embedded) is rigid. The former ignore the scattering of waves from the foundation and radiation of energy from the structure back to the soil, while the latter ignore quasi-static forces in the foundations and lower part of the structure deforming due to the wave passage. This paper studies a simple model of a dike but considers both the soil-structure interaction and the flexibility of the foundation. The structure is represented by a wedge resting on a half-space and excited by incident plane SH-waves. The structural ‘foundation’ is a flexible surface that can deform during the passage of seismic waves. The wave function expansion method is used to solve for the motions in the half-pace and in the structure. The displacements and stresses in the structure are compared with those for a fixed-base model shaken by the free-field motion. The results show large displacements near the base of the structure due to the differential motion of the base caused by the wave passage.  相似文献