松辽盆地南部哈达山附近青山口组二、三段泥岩的岩石学与地球化学特征     

孙潇  刘立  刘娜  明晓冉 《世界地质》2017,36(2):333-345

以松辽盆地哈达山青山口组二、三段泥岩盖层为研究对象,通过岩石学和地球化学相结合的方法,对泥岩样品中常量元素和稀土微量元素特征进行了研究,结果表明:(1)泥岩稀土元素(∑REE)总量较高(104.99×10~(-6)~281.88×10~(-6)),∑LREE/HREE比值较高(6.50~9.96),REE配分模式显示轻稀土元素富集而重稀土元素亏损,Eu(0.88~1.16)存在负异常等特征;(2)物源区母岩类型主要为沉积岩和中基性火山岩,源岩的钾交代作用成因可能为黏土矿物中的伊蒙混层转化为自生伊利石;(3)物源区泥岩修正后的CIA值(44.75~72.24)较低,暗示物源区经历了弱风化作用,Sr/Cu指标显示物源区长期受干热型气候控制。  相似文献   

淮南煤田煤系页岩气储集空间特征及其岩相控制作用     

徐宏杰  胡宝林  郑建斌  刘会虎  张文永  郑凯歌 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,47(2)

海陆过渡相煤系泥页岩广泛分布,具有良好的天然气资源潜力。以淮南煤田煤系泥页岩为研究对象,运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜等分析手段,对淮南煤田煤系地层泥页岩的矿物学、岩相、储层特征等方面进行相关测试,并探讨了泥岩岩相对页岩气储集空间的控制作用。研究表明:淮南煤田煤系泥页岩矿物成分中黏土矿物含量多、自生非黏土矿物相对较少,致使岩石脆性降低并对压裂裂缝产生具有负效应,但部分菱铁矿的存在可能起改善作用;存在花斑状高岭石泥岩、浅灰色高岭石泥岩、鲕状泥岩、暗色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩等5种岩相。泥页岩储层裂缝包括层面剪切缝、有机质演化异常压力缝、层间页理缝、构造裂缝等宏观类型和与石英和高岭石有关的微裂缝类型;泥页岩孔隙包括化石孔、粒间孔、粒内孔和晶间孔及可能的有机质孔等类型,为页岩气赋存提供了储集空间。不同沉积环境下的泥岩岩相不同,进而决定了矿物成分特征与有机质相对含量,对泥页岩储集空间起主要控制作用。  相似文献   

软泥岩井眼弹塑性变形的拉格朗日元法计算   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

邓金根  刘书杰  石得勤  张利 《地质力学学报》1999,5(1):35-39

首次将大变形原理引入井眼及其围岩弹塑性变形计算,应用拉格朗日元法对塑性泥页岩地层的井眼缩径问题进行分析求解。拉格朗日元法能够计算材料非线性和几何非线性问题,采用常用的摩尔-库仑强度准则对所选择的计算模型进行拉格朗日元分析计算,求解出井眼的收缩变形、井眼围岩位移场分布以及井眼围岩塑性区的分布规律。   相似文献   

广西航运枢纽工程建设中的极软岩研究     

米德才  陈宏明  罗继勇  蒋井源 《工程地质学报》2006,14(2):200-205

广西郁江桂平至上游百色规划有10个千吨级航运枢纽梯级,其中老口、鱼梁、那吉处在南宁、百色第三纪盆地。盆地内泥质岩石属软~极软泥岩,它具有低强度、对环境敏感、弱改造等特性,反映在工程设计中地基承载力不足、地基应力及变形超标,抗剪强度低、抗滑稳定问题突出等方面;在工程施工中体现在岩体工程稳定性差,施工保护要求高等。根据那吉等工程勘探试验研究成果,提出针对软岩工程地质问题评价及基础验收、建基面保护、地基处理等应注意的问题和采取的对策。  相似文献   

Origin of mud in turbidites and hybrid event beds: Insight from ponded mudstone caps of the Castagnola turbidite system (north-west Italy)     

Marco Patacci  Mattia Marini  Fabrizio Felletti  Andrea Di Giulio  Massimo Setti  William McCaffrey 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2625-2644

The partitioning of different grain-size classes in gravity flow deposits is one of the key characteristics used to infer depositional processes. Turbidites have relatively clean sandstones with most of their clay deposited as part of a mudstone cap or as a distal mudstone layer, whereas sand-bearing debrites commonly comprise mixtures of sand grains and interstitial clay; hybrid event beds develop alternations of clean and dirty (clay-rich) sandstones in varying proportions. Analysis of co-genetic mudstone caps in terms of thickness and composition is a novel approach that can provide new insight into gravity flow depositional processes. Bed thickness data from the ponded Castagnola system show that turbidites contain more clay overall than do hybrid event beds. The Castagnola system is characterized by deposits of two very different petrographic types. Thanks to this duality, analyses of sandstone and mudstone composition allow inference of which proportion of the clay in each of the deposit types was acquired en route. In combination with standard sedimentological observations the new data allow insight into the likely characteristics of their parent flows. Clean turbidites were deposited by lower concentration, long duration, erosive, muddy turbidity currents which were more efficient at fractionating clay particles away from their basal layer. Hybrid event beds were deposited by shorter duration, higher-concentration, less-erosive sandier flows which were less efficient at clay fractionation. The results are consistent with data from other turbidite systems (for example, Marnoso-arenacea). The approach represents a new method to infer the controls on the degree of clay partitioning in gravity flow deposits.  相似文献   

From marine bands to hybrid flows: Sedimentology of a Mississippian black shale     

Joseph F. Emmings  Sarah J. Davies  Christopher H. Vane  Vicky Moss-Hayes  Michael H. Stephenson 《Sedimentology》2020,67(1):261-304

Organic-rich mudstones have long been of interest as conventional and unconventional source rocks and are an important organic carbon sink. Yet the processes that deposited organic-rich muds in epicontinental seaways are poorly understood, partly because few modern analogues exist. This study investigates the processes that transported and deposited sediment and organic matter through part of the Bowland Shale Formation, from the Mississippian Rheic–Tethys seaway. Field to micron-scale sedimentological analysis reveals a heterogeneous succession of carbonate-rich, siliceous, and siliciclastic, argillaceous muds. Deposition of these facies at basinal and slope locations was moderated by progradation of the nearby Pendle delta system, fourth-order eustatic sea-level fluctuation and localized block and basin tectonism. Marine transgressions deposited bioclastic ‘marine band’ (hemi)pelagic packages. These include abundant euhaline macrofaunal tests, and phosphatic concretions of organic matter and radiolarian tests interpreted as faecal pellets sourced from a productive water column. Lens-rich (lenticular) mudstones, hybrid, debrite and turbidite beds successively overlie marine band packages and suggest reducing basin accommodation promoted sediment deposition via laminar and hybrid flows sourced from the basin margins. Mud lenses in lenticular mudstones lack organic linings and bioclasts and are equant in early-cemented lenses and in plan-view, and are largest and most abundant in mudstones overlying marine band packages. Thus, lenses likely represent partially consolidated mud clasts that were scoured and transported in bedload from the shelf or proximal slope, as a ‘shelf to basin’ conveyor, during periods of reduced basin accommodation. Candidate in situ microbial mats in strongly lenticular mudstones, and as rip-up fragments in the down-dip hybrid beds, suggest that these were potentially key biostabilizers of mud. Deltaic mud export was fast, despite the intrabasinal complexity, likely an order of magnitude higher than similar successions deposited in North America. Epicontinental basins remotely linked to delta systems were therefore capable of rapidly accumulating both sediment and organic matter.  相似文献   

盐源地区古生界页岩气地质条件分析   总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

余谦  程锦翔  张海全  王正和  邓敏  赵安坤  刘伟  陆俊泽  杨贵来 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(3):118-128

为了进一步探索我国西南地区的页岩气资源潜力,中国地质调查局成都中心对盐源地区开展公益性页岩气基础地质调查。在系统的地质调查和沉积学、石油地质学研究的基础上,对盐源地区进行页岩气地质条件分析。发现盐源地区早古生代发育志留系龙马溪组和泥盆系坡脚组两套富有机质页岩层系。志留系龙马溪组以碳质硅质泥页岩和碳质粉砂质泥页岩为主,以富有机质、硅质含量高、笔石发育为主要特征,发育于深水陆棚环境中。泥盆系坡脚组以含钙质碳质泥岩和钙质碳质粉砂质泥岩为主,以富有机质、黏土含量高、竹节石发育为主要特征,主要发育于潟湖环境中。两套富有机质页岩层系均具有有机质含量高,沉积厚度大,热演化程度高,脆性指数较高,低孔低渗的特征。盐源地区发育大量宽缓向斜,具备较好的页岩气保存条件。在志留系稗子田组和泥盆系坡脚组的勘探获得了油气显示,表明盐源地区页岩气具备良好的勘探潜力,研究成果为区域油气勘探评价提供借鉴与参考。  相似文献   

基于自平衡法的泥岩地基中大型灌注桩的承载特性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗耀武  佴磊 《世界地质》2005,24(4):382-387

采用自平衡试桩法对龙华寺松花江特大桥1号墩的大型钻孔灌注桩进行了试验研究,得出单桩竖向抗压极限承载力〉53102kN,泥岩地层极限侧阻力可达336kPa。对两根试桩Q－S曲线、桩侧土层位移－摩阻力曲线、桩端荷载－桩端位移曲线及试桩受力－桩端阻力曲线形态和数值进行对比分析,发现成孔时间长,泥浆比重大,孔壁泥皮厚,会导致桩侧摩阻力降低,且侧阻力发挥所需的桩土间相对位移增大。  相似文献   

福建石牛山水蚀花岗岩石蛋地貌特征及成因研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁诗经  文斐成  陈斯盾  揭育金  魏勇  胡祚林 《福建地质》2006,25(2):65-74

石牛山主峰出露晚白垩世石牛山组晚期侵入相钾长花岗斑岩,山体浑厚壮观,石蛋千姿百态。石蛋、石堡及崖壁上分布着深浅不一的石脊、石槽及大小不同的石臼、石盆、石穴等微地貌,构成独具特色的“水蚀花岗岩石蛋地貌”。经研究,钾长花岗斑岩是形成水蚀花岗岩石蛋的物质基础,风化剥蚀、大气降水击蚀及其流水侵蚀是形成石脊、石槽、石臼、石盆、石穴的主要外动力地质作用。  相似文献   

Sandstone petrology and mudstone geochemistry of the Peruc–Korycany Formation (Bohemian Cretaceous Basin,Czech Republic)     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1003-1031

We have studied the petrography and the bulk-rock geochemistry of arenites and mudstones of the Cenomanian Peruc–Korycany Formation to characterize their provenance and sedimentary history, as well as the influence of weathering, hydraulic sorting, and recycling of the source rocks. The Peruc–Korycany Formation contains sedimentary facies reflecting both meandering- and braided-river systems and shallow-marine systems. Differences in the three depositional settings did not cause distinctly different modifications of the framework compositions of the arenites. The sand from the fluvial systems is very mature (Qm₉₈F₀Lt₂). These fluvial arenites were subsequently modified by shallow-marine processes; reworking produced very slight decreases in the abundance of lithic fragments and polycrystalline quartz grains. The Cenomanian strata of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin were derived dominantly from metasedimentary and crystalline rocks of the Palaeozoic Teplà-Barrandian and Cadomian Moldanubian units, respectively. Periods of low tectonic activity resulted in the deposition of arenites with quartzose framework compositions, indicating that climatic and/or transport/depositional-environmental controls overwhelmed factors such as source-rock compositions. Ultrastable dense minerals are useful indicators of sedimentary recycling within the Peruc–Korycanytarenites. Mudstone samples are characterized by abundant kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and quartz but by negligible amounts of goethite and gypsum. Concentrations normalized to the post-Archaean Australian shale (PAAS) show that the sediments are strongly depleted of Na, K, Ca, Sr, and Ba, probably because of the mobility of these elements during weathering. Chemical indices of alteration (CIA, CIW, and PIA) show that the degree of weathering of the source area was high. The data fall closer to the compositional fields of highly weathered minerals such as kaolinite, gibbsite, and chlorite on an A-CN-K diagram. The indices of compositional variability of the studied samples are much less than 1, suggesting that the samples are compositionally mature and were likely dominated by recycling. The elemental ratios critical of provenance (La/Sc, Th/Sc, Th/Co, Th/Cr, and Cr/Th) are similar to fine fractions derived from the weathering of mostly granitoids rather than mafic rocks.  相似文献