Relationship between pollen assemblages in surface soil and modern vegetation and climate in the western Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang北大核心CSCD     

牛地园  李建勇  王宁练  杜建峰  陈小俊 《冰川冻土》2022,44(3):1070-1082

Based on the pollen spectrum characteristics of 46 surface samples collected in the western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang and a plant community quadrat survey, we analyzed the relationship between pollen assemblages and modern climate and vegetation distribution in the region. The results showed the surface pollen assemblages were consistent with the distribution of modern vegetation. Based on the results of cluster analysis, the study area could be divided into three pollen assemblage zones（mountain steppe zone, desert vegetation zone and typical desert zone）. In general, pollen assemblage can roughly reflect the main characteristics of local vegetation, but there are significant differences in the percentage of some pollen types and the coverage of related plants. The pollen of Picea and Pinus in arbor plants, Ephedra in shrub plants, Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia in herb plants were high represented due to the influence of natural wind, water flow and their own pollen yield. While Rosaceae pollen in shrubs and Poaceae in herbs were less representative in a modern plant community with its own dominant species;The Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae（A/C）ratio can distinguish the desert zone from the mountain steppe zone, and could clearly reflect the aridity level. However, when using this indicator to reconstruct the climate environment, it is necessary to combine the characteristics of pollen assemblage and the influence of changes in vegetation composition and other factors to distinguish;Altitude, average annual precipitation, and average annual temperature all affect the distribution of surface pollen in the area. © 2022 The authors.  相似文献   

直线摄影测量观测值的冗余度和相关性分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

张宏伟  张祖勋  张剑清 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2005,30(9):775-777,824

通过分析直线摄影测量以及由此而扩展的广义点摄影测量的条件方程式,从理论和试验上证明了观测值之间的相关性和冗余度,讨论了用直线摄影测量进行空间后方交会的必要观测及观测值分布对精度的影响,为基于已有矢量航空影像自动外定向奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

Using on‐nadir spectral reflectance to detect soil surface changes induced by simulated rainfall and wind tunnel abrasion     

Adrian Chappell  Ted M. Zobeck  Gillian Brunner 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2005,30(4):489-511

The surface susceptibility to erosion (erodibility) is an important component of soil erosion models. Many studies of wind erosion have shown that even relatively small changes in surface conditions can have a considerable effect on the temporal and spatial variability of dust emissions. One of the main difficulties in measuring erodibility is that it is controlled by a number of highly variable soil factors. Collection of these data is often limited in scale because in situ measurements are labour‐intensive and very time‐consuming. To improve wind erosion model predictions over several spatial and temporal scales simultaneously, there is a requirement for a non‐invasive approach that can be used to rapidly assess changes in the compositional and structural nature of a soil surface in time and space. Spectral reflectance of the soil surface appears to meet these desirable requirements and it is controlled by properties that affect the soil erodibility. Three soil surfaces were modified using rainfall simulation and wind tunnel abrasion experiments. Observations of those changes were made and recorded using digital images and on‐nadir spectral reflectance. The results showed clear evidence of the information content in the spectral domain that was otherwise difficult to interpret given the complicated interrelationships between soil composition and structure. Changes detected at the soil surface included the presence of a crust produced by rainsplash, the production of loose erodible material covering a rain crust and the selective erosion of the soil surface. The effect of rainsplash and aeolian abrasion was different for each soil tested and crust abrasion was shown to decrease as rainfall intensity increased. The relative contributions of the eroded material from each soil surface to trapped mixtures of material assisted the erodibility assessment. Ordination analyses within each of two important soil types explained significant amounts of the variation in the reflectance of all wavebands by treatments of the soil and hence changes in the soil surface. The results show that soil surface conditions within a soil type are an underestimated source of variation in the characterization of soil surface erodibility and in the remote sensing of soil. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Spatial declustering weights   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Bourgault 《Mathematical Geology》1997,29(2):277-290

Because of autocorrelation and spatial clustering, all data within a given dataset have not the same statistical weight for estimation of global statistics such mean, variance, or quantiles of the population distribution. A measure of redundancy (or nonredundancy) of any given regionalized random variable Z(u_α)within any given set (of size N) of random variables is proposed. It is defined as the ratio of the determinant of the N X Ncorrelation matrix to the determinant of the (N - 1) X (N - 1)correlation matrix excluding random variable Z(u_α).This ratio measures the increase in redundancy when adding the random variable Z(u_α)to the (N - 1 )remainder. It can be used as declustering weight for any outcome (datum) z(u_α). When the redundancy matrix is a kriging covariance matrix, the proposed ratio is the crossvalidation simple kriging variance. The covariance of the uniform scores of the clustered data is proposed as a redundancy measure robust with respect to data clustering.  相似文献   

无人机遥感组网冗余容错的研究     

李国  姜凯文  王勇  孙山林  杨明  李云  赵海盟  晏磊 《地理科学进展》2021,40(9):1480-1487

针对无人机在遥感遥测领域组网过程中存在的随机故障,进而导致无人机在任务执行过程中任一约束的及时响应缺失,将会影响任务总体结果或导致整个任务部分及完全失败的问题,论文提出无人机遥感组网冗余容错方法。该方法采用领航—跟随的无人机编队飞行模式,多台组网无人机稳定可靠完成指定的飞行任务,验证了冗余容错方法,解决了无人机遥感组网冗余容错技术中的有和无的问题。  相似文献   

最小二乘估计残差的统计性质和应用     

张方仁 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1990,(2)

最小二乘估计求得的观测值残差,有多种形式的定义,它们具有不同的分布。本文论述它们的概率分布和性质并讨论其用途。编算了多余观测分量r_i和标准化残差e_i的临界值表。此外,应用线性变换求得了不相关残差W=U~TV和S=D_W~(-1/2)W 。建议用S作粗差检验,本文编制了相应于这种检验的max|S_i|的临界值表,最后计算了一个实测的测边网,用求得的各种残差作了统计检验。  相似文献   

正交三角分解法及其在光束法平差中的应用     

吕荣峰 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1988,(3)

本文首先阐述了正交三角分解法的基本原则,针对光束法平差中设计矩阵的特点,讨论了使用正交三角分解法解算光束法平差的有关问题。该方法最明显的优点在于,较好地解决了“多余观测分量的严密快速计算”问题,使Q_(?)计算变得非常简单。此外,该方法的数字计算精度及解算速度也优于目前人们所用的方法。最后给出几个算例及几点结论。  相似文献   

A Similarity-Based Approach for Improving the Efficiency of Drawing Spatiotemporal Point Features     

Mingguang Wu  Kun Zhang 《The Cartographic journal》2020,57(1):57-69

ABSTRACT

The mapping of spatiotemporal point features plays an important role in geovisualization. However, such mapping suffers from low efficiency due to computational redundancy when similar symbols are used to visualize spatiotemporal point features. This paper presents a similarity-based approach to predict and avoid computational redundancy, which improves mapping efficiency. First, to identify computational redundancy, the similarity of point symbols is measured based on commonalities in symbol graphics and symbol drawing operations. Second, a similarity-enhanced method is proposed to comprehensively predict and avoid computational redundancies when mapping spatiotemporal point features. This approach was tested using two real-world spatiotemporal datasets. The results suggest that the proposed approach offers relatively large performance improvements.  相似文献   

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胡明  白彦峥  祝竺  吴书朝  周泽兵 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(5):154-159

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长湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭坤  彭婷  罗静波  杨德国  何勇凤  柴毅 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(1):40-49

为研究长湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子间的关系,于2012年4月至2013年1月进行了4次调查采样。共鉴定出浮游动物67种(不包括原生动物),以轮虫种类为主(42种),其丰度与生物量均占据较大优势。浮游动物丰度的季节性差异显著,夏季最高(4412ind./L),冬季最低(831ind./L)。季节间的物种更替率大于59%,但优势种种类的季节变化不明显。优势种共8种,均为轮虫,萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachiouns calyciflorus)、针簇多枝轮虫(Polyarthra trigla Ehrenberg)是四个季节均出现的优势种,P.trigla Ehrenberg的优势度与出现频率均是各个季节的最大值,各季节这两种优势种的丰度和在总丰度的占比均超过59.13%。依据Shannon指数、Pielou指数、Margalef指数评价长湖水体处于中度污染,肥度指数评价长湖处于富营养状态。相关性分析、多元逐步回归方程、冗余分析的结果显示:水温是影响长湖浮游动物群落结构季节变化的关键因子;浮游植物表征含量chl a也是影响长湖浮游动物群落结构的关键因子,总氮、总磷通过影响浮游植物的群落结构间接地影响浮游动物的组成;能耐受较高p H的B.calyciflorus在长湖碱性水体中有较好的适应性;夏季马洪台区较低的溶解氧一定程度上限制了该区域轮虫的生长,总悬浮物通过降低溶解氧对浮游动物产生间接作用;化学需氧量对P.trigla Ehrenberg、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)等耐污种的影响较大,并对浮游动物的丰度产生正向作用。  相似文献