Testing energy non-additivity in white dwarfs     

《Astroparticle Physics》2014

We consider a particular effect which can be expected in scenarios of deviations from special relativity induced by Planckian physics: the loss of additivity in the total energy of a system of particles. We argue about the necessity to introduce a length scale to control the effects of non-additivity for macroscopic objects and consider white dwarfs as an appropriate laboratory to test this kind of new physics. We study the sensitivity of the mass-radius relation of the Chandrasekhar model to these corrections by comparing the output of a simple phenomenological model to observational data of white dwarfs.  相似文献   

慢旋转星体结构的微扰方法     

吴雪君  须重明 《天文学报》1996,37(3):254-266

本文用微扰的方法求解在广义相对论框架下，均匀慢旋转的轴对称的稳定星体的结构方程，对旋转的处理精确到角速度的二级近似．并用１０种可能的中子星的物态方程，计算了相应的稳定星体的结构．通过对物态方程Ｇ的详细计算结果，具体讨论了旋转对中子星的结构参量及各种性质的影响．  相似文献   

Bounds for mass and rotation of black holes in the observable universe     

A. De Vries  R. Böhme  Th. Schmidt-Kaler 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,225(2):221-226

The bounds for the energy change rate of a Maxwell field in the outer space of a rotating black hole, calculated by de Vries (1994) and de Vries (1995), enable us to deduce limits for the rotation and the mass of black holes. For this purpose we assume that a certain part of the anisotropies of the cosmic background radiation is due to absorption or superradiance of black holes (Teukolsky, 1973, Starobinskii and Churilov, 1973). The knowledge of these anisotropies yields bounds for rotation and mass of the black holes in the observable universe.  相似文献   

Halo evolution in the presence of a disc bar     

Paul J. McMillan  Walter Dehnen 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,363(4):1205-1210

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Extreme gravitational lensing near rotating black holes     

Kris Beckwith  Chris Done 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,359(4):1217-1228

We describe a new approach to calculating photon trajectories and gravitational lensing effects in the strong gravitational field of the Kerr black hole. These techniques are applied to explore both the imaging and spectral properties of photons emitted from an accretion disc, which perform multiple orbits of the central mass before escaping to infinity. Viewed at large inclinations, these higher-order photons contribute ∼20 per cent of the total luminosity of the system for a Schwarzschild hole, while for an extreme Kerr black hole this fraction rises to ∼60 per cent. In more realistic models, these photons will be reabsorbed by the disc at large distances from the hole, but this returning radiation could provide a physical mechanism to resolve the discrepancy between the predicted and observed optical/ultraviolet colours in active galactic nuclei. Conversely, at low inclinations, higher-order images reintercept the disc plane close to the black hole, so need not be absorbed by the disc if this is within the plunging region. These photons form a bright ring carrying approximately 10 per cent of the total disc luminosity for a Schwarzschild black hole. The spatial separation between the inner edge of the disc and the ring is similar to the size of the event horizon. This is resolvable for supermassive black holes with proposed X-ray interferometery missions such as the Microarcsecond X-ray Imaging Mission (MAXIM), and so has the potential to provide an observational test of strong field gravity.  相似文献   

A note on Earth's rotation angular velocity in the general-relativity framework     

V. A. Brumberg  E. Groten 《Journal of Geodesy》2001,75(12):673-676

 The value of the Earth's rotational angular velocity determined from observations is given in the GCRS (geocentric celestial reference system) defined by Resolution B1 of the 2000 IAU General Assembly. The same quantity derived from dynamical theories of the Earth's rotation, such as SMART97, is referred to the␣DGRSC (dynamically non-rotating ecliptical reference system). The relativistic theory of reference systems (RSs) enables unambiguous general-relativity relations between these quantities to be derived. Received: 9 November 2000 / Accepted: 9 July 2001  相似文献   

Relativistic Information Entropy on Uncertainty Analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jin Weiliang Han Jie Professor  Dr. -Eng.  Dept. of Civil Engineering  Zhejiang University  Hangzhou  Lecturer. Dept. of Information Science  Electronic Engineering  Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 《中国海洋工程》1996,(4)

- in this paper, a new approach to relativistic information entropy is used to assess some relative uncertainties in structural reliability assessment. This approach is composed of the information theory and the relativistic theory, and can be used to measure the relativity of parameter uncertainty and system uncertainty in structural reliability theory based on the same generalized relativistic reference system. Therefore, the structural reliability assessment can be assessed reasonably by the approach.  相似文献   

Steps for solving the radiative transfer equation for arbitrary flows in stationary space–times     

B. Chen  R. Kantowski  E. Baron  S. Knop  P. H. Hauschildt 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,380(1):104-112

We derive the radiative transfer equation for arbitrary stationary relativistic flows in stationary space–times, i.e. for steady-state transfer problems. We show how the standard characteristics method of solution developed by Mihalas and used throughout the radiative transfer community can be adapted to multidimensional applications with isotropic sources. Because the characteristics always coincide with geodesics and can always be specified by constants, direct integration of the characteristics derived from the transfer equation as commonly done in 1D applications is not required. The characteristics are known for a specified metric from the geodesics. We give details in both flat and static spherically symmetric space–times. This work has direct application in 3D simulations of supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and active galactic nuclei, as well as in modelling neutron star atmospheres.  相似文献   

Gamma-ray burst precursors as the remnant of the thermal radiation initially trapped in the fireball     

Li-Xin Li 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,380(2):621-636

In the standard fireball model of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the fireball starts with an optically thick phase. As it expands, the fireball becomes optically thin at some stage. The thermal radiation trapped in the originally opaque fireball then leaks out, producing a transient event. The appearance of the event is investigated in the framework of a homogeneous, spherically symmetric and freely expanding fireball produced instantly by an explosive process without continuous injection of mass and energy. We find that, generally, the event has a time duration shorter than that of the main burst, which is presumably produced by the internal shock after the fireball becomes optically thin. The event is separated from the main burst by a quiescent time interval, and is weaker than the main burst at least in a high-energy band. Hence, the event corresponds to a GRB precursor. The precursor event predicted by our model has a smooth and Fast Rise and Exponential Decay (FRED) shaped light curve, and a quasi-thermal spectrum. Typically, the characteristic blackbody photon energy is in the X-ray band. However, if the distortion of the blackbody spectrum by electron scattering is considered, the characteristic photon energy could be boosted to the gamma-ray band. Our model may explain a class of observed GRB precursors – those having smooth and FRED-shaped light curves and quasi-thermal spectra.  相似文献   

火球框架下的不同角区域形成的脉冲     

董云明  赵晓红  贾兰伟 《天文研究与技术》2007,4(3):205-215

在火球模型下,研究了不同的无联系的和有联系的角区域的脉冲性质。发现:(1)FRED脉冲形状的上升和下降阶段来自于火球面的不同角区域,并且上升部分主要来自于靠近视线轴向的角区域部分;(2)整个火球形成的FRED脉冲形状主要是有张角为γ6/10的角区域部分提供;(3)球形火球或者张角大于γ6/10的喷流可以形成FRED脉冲形状。如果伽玛暴源不是球形火球或者也不是张角大于γ6/10的喷流,则形成的观测脉冲不是FRED形状。  相似文献