对甘肃矿山生态保护修复资金管理的思考及建议          下载免费PDF全文

梁廷栋 《甘肃地质》2021,(4):94-97

矿山开采生产的生态保护与修复工作,涉及自然资源、生态环境、水利、林草等多部门,结合矿政管理工作实际,梳理了矿山生态保护修复资金类型,总结剖析了目前不同部门分头管理存在的问题,在此基础上,提出应整合各部门矿山生态保护修复方案及资金,形成管理合力,把生态保护修复工作贯穿到从地质勘查、矿山建设、开采、闭坑、管护的全过程,边开采边治理,整体保护,综合整治,系统修复。  相似文献   

基于主导生态功能的江西省国土空间生态修复分区研究     

蔡海生  查东平  张学玲  陈艺  曾珩  邵晖  洪土林 《地学前缘》2021,28(4):55-69

以地域分异特征、主导生态功能、典型生态问题为基础依据,探讨江西省国土空间生态修复分区,为江西省编制和实施生态修复规划、实现国土空间管控提供科技支撑。在研究方法上,以“生命共同体理论”“三生协调理论”“适宜性管理”等理论为指导,基于主体功能区划和生态功能区划,综合“三生”空间实际生态问题及综合整治需求,采用多因素综合空间分析法,“自上而下”和“自下而上”相结合,实现国土空间生态修复三级分区。研究结果表明,可将江西省国土空间生态修复区域划为赣北平原湖泊生态修复区、赣中丘陵盆地生态修复区、赣西山地丘陵生态修复区、赣南山地丘陵生态修复区、赣东丘陵山地生态修复区5个大区及24个亚区和42个修复小区。通过江西省国土空间生态修复三级分区,摸清国土空间地域特征,明确生态主导功能,确定生态修复重点区域,承上启下,为实施生态修复工程和国土空间管治提供决策依据,为实现国土空间整体保护、系统修复、综合治理提供科技途径。  相似文献   

基于IUCN《矿山生物多样性管理系列指南》的大宝山矿生态修复实践研究     

罗明  张世文  魏洪斌  周鹏飞  周妍  陈妍  李灼超  张金桃 《地学前缘》2021,28(4):90-99

为研究矿山开采及修复过程中如何开展生物多样性管理,本文借鉴IUCN(世界自然保护联盟)发布的《矿山生物多样性管理系列指南》成果,将相关理论和方法应用到广东大宝山矿生态修复实践中。文章在介绍IUCN的“综合生物多样性管理体系”方法主要内容的基础上,将其作为大宝山矿实施生态修复依据,阐述了该管理体系在矿山生态修复工程中的应用,并结合广东大宝山矿的实际情况,提出了大宝山矿生物多样性管理的保护与修复框架,包括全周期的生物多样性管理手段,重点阐述大宝山矿生物多样性调查与监测、评价、保护与受损控制及恢复的技术方案,最后分析了对中国矿山生物多样性保护和修复的启示,IUCN矿山生物多样性管理系列指南对于指导我国矿山生态修复具有重要作用。  相似文献   

生物土壤结皮固沙理论与实践   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

周晓兵  张丙昌  张元明 《中国沙漠》2021,41(1):164-173

生物土壤结皮是由土壤微生物、藻类、地衣和苔藓等孢子植物类群与土壤颗粒形成的有机复合体,在全球干旱区地表广泛分布,是干旱地表生物覆被层的主要构建者.生物土壤结皮是荒漠植物群落演替的先锋类群,能够提高荒漠地表的稳定性,固定碳和氮等营养元素,增加土壤肥力,并在保持土壤水分方面发挥重要作用,因此在干旱区受损地表的生态修复方面具...  相似文献   

The conservation patterns of grassland ecosystem in response to the forage-livestock balance in North China     

HUANG Lin  NING Jia  ZHU Ping  ZHENG Yuhan  ZHAI Jun 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(4):518-534

Being a key ecological security barrier and production base for grassland animal husbandry in China,the balance between grassland forage supply and livestock-carrying pressure in North China directly affects grassland degradation and restoration,thereby impacting grassland ecosystem services.This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal variation in grassland vegetation coverage,forage supply,and the balance between grassland forage supply and livestock-carrying pressure from 2000 to 2015 in North China.We then discuss the spatial pattern of grassland ecological conservation under the impacts of grassland degradation and restoration,and livestock-carrying pressure.Over the last 16 years,the total grassland area in North China decreased by about 16,000 km2,with vegetation coverage degraded by 6.7％ of the grasslands but significantly restored by another 5.4％ of grasslands.The provisioning of forage by natural grassland mainly increased over time,with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.3 kg/ha,but livestock-carrying pressure also increased continuously.The livestock-carrying pressure index without any supplementary feeding reached as high as 3.8.Apart from the potential livestock-carrying capacity in northeastern Inner Mongolia and the central Tibetan Plateau,most regions in North China are currently overloaded.Considering the actual supplementary feeding during the cold season,the livestock-carrying pressure index is about 3.1,with the livestock-carrying pressure mitigated in central and eastern Inner Mongolia.Assuming full supplementary feeding in the cold season,livestock-carrying pressure index will fall to 1.9,with the livestock-carrying pressure alleviated significantly in Inner Mongolia and on the Tibetan Plateau.Finally,we propose different conservation and development strategies to balance grassland ecological conservation and animal husbandry production in different regions of protected areas,pastoral areas,farming-pastoral ecotone,and farming areas,according to the grassland ecological protection patterns.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal aspects of silica buffering in restored tidal marshes     

Sander Jacobs  Eric Struyf  Tom Maris  Patrick Meire 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Losses of pelagic diatom production resulting from silica limitation have not only been blamed for toxic algal blooms, but for the reduction in ability of coastal food webs to support higher trophic levels. Recent research has shown the importance of advective seepage water fluxes of dissolved silica (DSi) from freshwater marshes to pelagic waters during moments of riverine Si-limitation. In this study, we investigated the potential impact of recently installed new tidal areas along the Schelde estuary, located in former polder areas and characterized by so-called controlled reduced tidal regimes (CRT). Nine mass-balance studies were conducted in a newly constructed CRT in the freshwater Schelde estuary. During complete tidal cycles both DSi and amorphous silica (ASi) concentrations were monitored at the entrance culverts and in different habitats in the marsh. A swift DSi-delivery capacity was observed despite the shifted spatiotemporal frame of exchange processes compared to reference marshes. As silica-accumulating vegetation is not yet present, and difference with reference marshes’ deliveries is surprisingly small, we indicate diatomaceous debris and phytoliths to be the main silica source. Although further research is necessary on the driving forces of the different processes involved, restoration of former agricultural areas under CRT-regime provide the potential to buffer silica in the estuary.  相似文献   

震区植被恢复初期土壤理化性质与土壤呼吸间的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

崔羽  严思维  吴建召  林勇明  王道杰 《山地学报》2019,(1):9-20

为了解地震灾区不同恢复方式下土壤理化性质和土壤呼吸间的关系,选取2种典型气候区(干旱河谷气候区与亚热带季风气候区)为研究区,设置人工恢复、未受损、自然恢复3种恢复方式的固定样地,定期测定土壤呼吸与土壤理化性质(有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效氮、有效磷、容重、孔隙度、电导率和pH值),并分析各因子间的相关关系。结果表明:气候类型显著影响土壤全氮、容重、孔隙度、电导率以及土壤呼吸,表现为干旱河谷气候区显著优于亚热带季风气候区;恢复方式显著影响土壤呼吸速率、有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效氮、有效磷含量、C:P、N:P、容重、孔隙度和电导率,基本表现为未受损样地优于人工恢复样地优于自然恢复样地;二者交互作用显著影响土壤呼吸、土壤物理性质和除全磷、有效磷外主要土壤养分的流失。两种气候区土壤呼吸的影响因子不同,干旱河谷气候区主要为土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、pH值、容重和孔隙度,亚热带季风气候区主要为土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、容重和孔隙度。本研究为评价和优化西南地区灾后恢复治理措施提供一定科学依据,对其生态安全维护和生态屏障建设提供帮助。  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal variability of small fishes related with environmental factors in a typical domestic tap water lake,Eastern China     

CAI Xingwei  YE Shaowen  LI Wei  FAN Hourui  LI Zhongjie  ZHANG Tanglin  LIU Jiashou 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(1):278-289

The knowledge of prey small ?sh stock, distribution and abundance is necessary to guide stocking of piscivorous ?sh for the biomanipulation in domestic tap water lakes. This study describes the current status of small ?sh community in Kuilei Lake(China), and examines the spatial and seasonal variations of the community in relation to key environmental factors. Based on submerged macrophyte cover and water depth, the lake was divided into ?ve major habitats:(1) macrophyte covered shallow habitat of water depth< 2.00 m,(2) uncovered or less-covered shallow habitat(2.00 m–3.50 m),(3) uncovered medium shallow habitat(3.50 m–5.00 m),(4) uncovered medium deep habitat(5.00 m–6.50 m) and(5) uncovered deep habitat(6.50 m–8.50 m). The abundance and composition of small ?sh were monitored by benthic fykenet sampling from April 2013 to January 2014. A total of 2881 individuals belonging to 5 families and 21 species were collected. Based on their abundance(accounted for 88.96% of the total) and occurrence(more than 33.33%), Acheilognathus chankaensis, Acheilognathus macropterus, Microphysogobio microstomus,Pseudorasbora parva and Rhinogobius giurinus were recognized as dominant small ?sh species. The results of correlation analysis identi?ed that species richness( Sr), Shannon-Wiener diversity index( H′)and Margalef′s richness index( D) were signi?cantly negatively correlated with water depth, but positively correlated with biomass of submerged macrophytes.Redundancy analysis(RDA) revealed that the spatial distributions of most small ?shes were negatively associated with water depth. The details of these ?ndings are bene?cial to understanding the adaptation of the small ?shes in degraded environments, and to developing suitable biomanipulation strategies for the management of ?sh resources and water quality in the lakes along the lower reach of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River basin.  相似文献   

气候变化和生态建设对秦岭—淮河南北植被动态的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李双双  张玉凤  汪成博  王婷  延军平 《地理科学进展》2021,40(6):1026-1036

论文基于2000-2019年秦岭—淮河南北MODIS-NDVI植被覆盖数据,对中国南北过渡带植被时空变化进行分析,并探讨植被动态变化驱动因素.结果 表明:①在趋势变化上,2000-2019年秦岭—淮河南北植被显著恢复.其中,秦巴山区植被恢复面积占比最高,其次是巫山山区和关中平原;植被退化区面积占比仅为6.4％,主要分布...  相似文献   

厦门下潭尾红树林修复区景观类型与鸟类群落动态     

刘劲涛  黄毓薇  黄智君  林清贤 《湿地科学与管理》2021,17(1):23-26

2018年10月—2019年9月调查厦门下潭尾红树林修复区鸟类群落变化,利用遥感图像解译红树林修复区景观格局,为修复区后续景观格局优化与鸟类保护提供技术支持。结果显示:修复区鸟类共有26科62种,鹭类(8种2047只)与鸻鹬类(16种786只)种类及数量较多。春季鸟类种数及数量最多,其中3月鸟类种数最多25种,5月数量最多828只。下潭尾修复区景观格局在低潮位与高潮位存在周期性变化,不同景观鸟类种类及数量有较大差异;鸻鹬类在低潮位时的种类较多但数量较少,高潮位时仅分布于高潮裸露湿地和建设用地。建议修复区增加鸻鹬类高潮停息的滩涂湿地及游禽类生活需要的生态塘区,进一步提高水鸟多样性。  相似文献