喀斯特地区不同坡位条件下优势灌木根际与非根际土壤养分与pH的分布特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁月明  苏以荣  何寻阳  陈香碧 《中国岩溶》2018,37(1):53-58

对广西喀斯特地区2种优势灌丛植物子凌蒲桃与火棘在不同坡位条件下根际与非根际土壤养分与pH值的分布特征进行研究,揭示植物种类及其立地条件对植物根际养分与pH值分布特征的影响。结果表明,2种植物根际养分存在一定程度的富集现象,其中,火棘根际有机碳与速效磷含量富集明显,子凌蒲桃根际有机碳与全氮含量富集明显;根际与非根际土壤养分含量在不同坡位下存在显著性差异（p<0.05）;根际土壤有机碳含量与全氮含量呈显著正相关（p<0.05）,与速效磷含量呈显著负相关（p<0.05）;非根际土壤有机碳含量与速效磷、全氮含量呈显著正相关（p<0.05）。双因素方差分析显示,与植物种类相比,坡位对根际土壤养分含量影响更大。以上的研究表明,喀斯特灌丛优势植物有利于提高该地区土壤养分利用,但应该考虑植物立地条件对根际养分利用的影响。   相似文献   

贾鲁河中牟段河岸带地下水流及水质特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

郑玉虎  张幼宽  梁修雨 《高校地质学报》2015,21(2):234

该文以河南省贾鲁河中牟段为研究区,探究贾鲁河与河岸带浅层地下水的补排关系以及河水对浅层地下水的影响。通 过野外地质调查、水文地质试验、水位监测及水质检测,分析河岸带地表水与地下水的补排关系及污染特征。结果表明,受 中牟县抽取地下水的影响,该河段周围浅层地下水位低于河水位,河流补给地下水,平均单宽补给量为2.04 m2·d-1;河水中 NH3和COD污染较为严重,地下水中“三氮”均超标,其中NO2和NH3污染严重;河水NH3-N浓度远高于地下水,接受河 流补给的地下水NH3污染严重;因硝化作用,远离河流地下水NH3-N浓度逐渐降低,而NO3-N浓度逐渐升高。  相似文献   

西鄂尔多斯地区5种荒漠优势灌丛生物量分配格局及预测模型     

党晓宏  高永  蒙仲举  高君亮  王珊  包蕾  余新春  王祯仪  王则宇 《中国沙漠》2017,37(1):100-108

以西鄂尔多斯地区5种荒漠优势灌丛（沙冬青（Ammopiptanthus mogolicus）、四合木（Tetraena mongolica）、霸王（Zygophyllum xanthoxylum）、红砂（Reaumuria songarica）、半日花（Helianthemum songaricum））为研究对象,采用平均标准灌丛全部收获法测定灌丛各营养器官（枝条、叶片、根系）生物量,并分别以丛高（H）和冠幅（C）的复合因子（CH）及基径（D）和丛高（H）的复合因子（D²H）为自变量建立单株灌丛生物量预测模型。通过决定系数（R²）、估计值的标准误差（SEE）和F检验显著水平筛选出各灌丛种最佳生物量预测模型。结果表明：（1）5种荒漠灌丛单株总生物量干鲜比差异性显著（P<0.05）,各营养器官间差异性也达到显著水平（P<0.05）;灌丛根冠比种间差异显著（P<0.05）,红砂（1.05）> 霸王（1.01）> 半日花（0.92）> 沙冬青（0.90）> 四合木（0.49）;（2）根系和枝条是荒漠灌丛生物量的主要贡献者,其生物量占灌丛总生物量比例之和均在80%以上,根系生物量分配随根系径级的增加而增加;（3）5种荒漠优势灌丛单株灌丛生物量预测模型R²值均在0.85以上,且在0.05水平上显著,生物量模型预测精度较高。  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠灌丛雾凇的生态水文学效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑新军  李嵩  吴林峰  李彦  秦海波 《冰川冻土》2012,34(4):942-949

对生长于古尔班通古特沙漠东南边缘的梭梭和白梭梭两种植物的小枝与灌丛雾凇量进行了观测, 并结合植被调查估算这两种植物对群落雾凇量的贡献量, 探讨群落雾凇量与气象要素之间的关系.研究结果表明: 在小枝水平上, 白梭梭雾凇量是梭梭的1.5倍, 但是在灌丛和群落尺度上, 梭梭却是白梭梭的1.5和3.6倍.小枝粗细及其生长位置、 灌丛形态结构和相对种群密度的差别共同造成两种植物雾淞量不同水平的差异.积雪、 低风速、 逆温和高湿是形成雾凇的最主要原因, 日最高气温(T_ma)与群落雾凇量(Rime)相关性最显著, 它与日最小比湿(q_mi)组成的二元线性方程可以解释Rime 98.50%的变异.在观测期, 当T_ma>-11.48 ℃时, Rime随T_ma的变化率较大, 当T_ma < -11.48 ℃时, Rime随T_ma的变化率较小, 前者是后者的3.59倍.总之, 雾凇能部分补偿雪面蒸发造成的积雪量减少, 间接地保护了浅薄的地表积雪, 是古尔班通古特沙漠冬季极重要的生态水文学过程.  相似文献   

Historical variability and feedbacks among land cover,stream power,and channel geometry along the lower Canadian River floodplain in Oklahoma     

Jason P. Julian  Richard E. Thomas  Sayed Moursi  Bruce W. Hoagland  Aondover Tarhule 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(4):449-458

In 1820, the lower Canadian River meandered through a densely forested floodplain. By 1898, most of the floodplain had been cleared for agriculture and changes in channel geometry and specific stream power followed, particularly channel widening and straightening with a lower potential specific stream power. In 1964, a large upstream hydropower dam was constructed, which changed the flow regime in the lower Canadian River and consequently the channel geometry. Without destructive overbank floods, the channel narrowed rapidly and considerably due to encroachment by floodplain vegetation. The lower Canadian River, which was once a highly dynamic floodplain‐river system, has now been transformed into a relatively static river channel. These changes over the past 200 years have not been linear or independent. In this article, we use a variety of data sources to assess these historical changes along the lower Canadian River floodplain and identify feedbacks among floodplain cultivation, dam construction, specific stream power, and channel width, slope, and sinuosity. Finally, we combine the results of our study with others in the region to present a biogeomorphic response model for large Great Plains rivers that characterizes channel width changes in response to climate variability and anthropogenic disturbances. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Satellite remote sensing for mapping vegetation in New Zealand freshwater environments: A review     

Salman Ashraf  Lars Brabyn  Brendan J. Hicks  Kevin Collier 《New Zealand geographer》2010,66(1):33-43

Freshwater environments in New Zealand provide a range of ecosystem services and contain important biodiversity. Managing these environments effectively requires a comprehensive inventory of the resource and cost-effective tools for regular monitoring. The complex and extensive margins of natural water bodies make them difficult to sample comprehensively. Problems thus occur with extrapolating point-specific sampling to accurately represent the diversity of vegetation in large freshwater bodies. Mapping freshwater vegetation using satellite remote sensing can overcome problems associated with access, scale and distribution, but it requires high-resolution images that have appropriate spectral characteristics. This paper provides an overview of the optical satellite data characteristics required for mapping riparian, submerged and emergent vegetation associated with freshwater environments in New Zealand.  相似文献   

灌丛对沙质草地土壤结皮形成发育的影响及其作用机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵哈林  郭轶瑞  周瑞莲 《中国沙漠》2011,31(5):1105-1111

为了了解灌丛对沙地土壤结皮的影响及其作用机制, 2006—2007年在科尔沁沙地调查了灌丛群落土壤结皮的发育特征, 并进行了田间模拟降尘、添加凋落物和结皮生物接种的试验。结果如下:①大气降尘、凋落物和微生物接种均可明显促进沙地土壤结皮的形成;②湿润、遮荫环境要比干旱、光照环境更有利于沙地土壤结皮的形成,但土壤结皮形成和发育对水分的敏感程度要大于对光照的敏感程度;③灌丛的存在对于流动沙地土壤结皮的形成发育具有明显的促进作用,沙地栽植灌木后通常会产生肥岛效应,在冠层下逐步形成结皮,并由灌丛内向外扩散;④灌丛促进沙地土壤结皮发育的主要机制是灌丛具有降风滞尘、拦截凋落物、遮荫保湿的功能,能使土壤黏粉粒、有机质、土壤养分和水分含量明显增加,为结皮的形成发育创造了良好物质条件和环境条件。  相似文献   

乌兰布和沙漠沙生灌木饲用营养成分的研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王玉魁  闫艳霞  安守芹 《中国沙漠》1999,19(3):280-284

对5种沙生灌木在不同年份和不同季节的饲用营养成分进行了测试分析,并与乌兰布和沙区12种传统饲料的营养成分作了比较,结果表明:5种沙生灌木营养成分和氨基酸含量丰富,部分指标高于紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、玉米秸和小麦秸,适宜于家畜饲养要求;不同灌木或同一灌木在不同年份和不同的季节其主要营养成分含量差异显著,变化规律明显。从营养、产量和采收加工等综合因素考虑,该区灌木饲料采收应在8月下旬进行,该期粗蛋白含量:花棒15.08%、羊柴13.49%、柠条15.99%、梭梭9.10%、沙拐枣10.06%;粗纤维含量:花棒28.69%、羊柴37.94%、柠条34.25%、梭梭24.71%、沙拐枣20.71%;粗脂肪含量:除梭梭外,其他4种灌木均处于生长季含量高值期。5种灌木的钙含量在生长期均递增,磷含量递减,只有羊柴的钙磷比未超过反刍家畜7:1的耐受极限。  相似文献   

Adjustments in channel form,sediment calibre and vegetation around check‐dams in the headwater reaches of mountain torrents,Calabria, Italy     

G. Bombino  A. M. Gurnell  V. Tamburino  D. A. Zema  S. M. Zimbone 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(7):1011-1021

The structure and dynamics of vegetation in valley bottoms are both strongly associated with fluvial processes and landform dynamics. All of these associations are disrupted by the installation of engineering control works. We use survey and analysis methods developed previously to investigate the impact of the installation of check‐dams within the confined headwaters of steep seasonally‐flowing streams (fiumaras) in Calabria, southern Italy, on active channel form, sediment calibre, and the richness, cover and development of riparian vegetation. Based on detailed field measurements along transects across the active channel, estimates of indices of vegetation extent (GCC), development (WCH) and their cross‐sectional variability (coefficients of variation of both indices at each survey site CV_GCC, CV_WCH), the number of species present (Ns), channel shape (w/d – the width/depth ratio), cross‐sectional area (CSA), downstream gradient (slope), surface bed sediment calibre (D₅₀) and subsurface fine sediment content (percentage less than 250 µm by weight) were obtained for 60 transects located immediately upstream (U), downstream (D) and at intermediate sites (I) around 20 check‐dams located in four different headwater catchments. Analysis of this data set suggests that statistically significant changes in channel form and sediment calibre upstream of check‐dams are associated with more consistent vegetation development across the active channel, including an increase in species richness relative to other transects, but notable increases in vegetation cover and development only arise where the physical characteristics of the channel are notably different from intermediate and downstream channels. Because of the naturally steep profile of the study torrents, intermediate sections between check‐dams tend to be more similar in form to channels located immediately downstream of check‐dams than those located upstream, leading to similar structural properties in the riparian vegetation. The intermediate transects support considerably more species than downstream reaches, but the conditions upstream of the check‐dams appear to be so favourable for riparian vegetation development that species richness exceeds that found in intermediate reaches. Despite the confined headwater locations, these contrasts in form, sediment and vegetation development around check‐dams are strong and consistent across the study catchments, over‐riding more subtle contrasts in species richness and sediment calibre between catchments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

荒漠草原带沙源及灌丛对灌丛沙堆形态的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

谢国勋  罗维成  赵文智 《中国沙漠》2015,35(3):573-581

灌丛沙堆是干旱区一种典型的景观类型,经常出现在靠近流沙地带。在地处荒漠草原带的宁夏盐池北部的流沙边缘就发育有典型的白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)灌丛沙堆。本文对不同沙源距离和灌丛生长状况下的白刺灌丛沙堆形态特征进行了研究。结果表明:荒漠草原带白刺灌丛沙堆的高度0.2～4.8 m,90.05%的高度小于3.0 m;体积0.11～805.17 m³,6.08%的体积小于150 m³;面积0.86～333.3 m²,72.26%的小于50 m²。灌丛沙堆长轴长和短轴长、高度和面积、高度和体积、面积和体积间都存在很好的幂函数关系,随着灌丛沙堆高度的增加,其面积和体积也增加。沙源对白刺灌丛沙堆的分布特征有显著影响,灌丛沙堆的高度、面积和体积和沙源距离都有很好的抛物线形关系。白刺灌丛的生长状况对灌丛沙堆的形态特征也有明显的影响,即白刺灌丛生长状况越好,灌丛沙堆的高度、面积和体积也增大。  相似文献