四川盆地白垩纪沙漠石英沙颗粒表面特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

江新胜  徐金沙  潘忠习 《沉积与特提斯地质》2003,23(1):60-68

石英具有较大的硬度和较高的化学稳定性，因而其颗粒表面特征能很好地反映沉积环境。而通过扫描电镜研究石英颗粒表面微细特征是分析沉积环境行之有效的方法。虽然多数人认为四川盆地白垩纪地层存在沙漠沉积(打儿凼组和夹关组)，但仍有人对沙漠沉积的存在持怀疑态度，并认为是河流成三角洲沉积。过去关于其沉积环境的判别主要是根据沉积结构和构造，并未对其石英沙颗粒表面特征进行过系统分析。笔者对采自四川盆地白垩系不同层位地层的样品进行了石英沙颗粒表面特征系统分析。结果表明，石英沙颗粒表面特征分析可以成功地将石英沙区分为风成和水成沉积。因此，本文从石英沙颗粒表面特征方面进一步肯定了四川盆地白垩纪古沙漠的存在。  相似文献   

论桩基施工中流砂现象处理     

陈亮晶李有文  何建军 《湖南地质》2003,22(1):54-57

地下水流动对土体产生渗透力；当渗透力大于土体的抗剪强度，土体破坏，也就是当施工造成地下水水力坡度超过砂层的临界水力坡度即产生流砂现象．运用水文地质工程地质学方面的原理其处理方法有两类：—是莫尔一库仑法：即c法和φ法；二是临界水力坡度法(Ic法)．  相似文献   

被污染土壤的植物修复研究   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

周国华 《物探与化探》2003,27(6):473-475,489

植物修复是利用植物吸收、降解、挥发、根滤、稳定、泵吸等作用机理,达到去除土壤、水体中污染物,或使污染物固定以减轻其危害性,或使污染物转化为毒性较低化学形态的现场治理技术.植物修复对于重金属污染土壤的治理修复具有重要意义.已有研究在累积与超累积植物的寻找筛选、植物对重金属等有害物的耐毒和解毒机理、植物修复现场环境调控及根际处理技术等方面取得了大量成果.现代分子生物学、基因工程技术发展有可能使植物修复技术取得重大突破.  相似文献   

陕甘宁盆地陇东地区长8油组厚层非均质砂体的沉积学解剖   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15  

郑希民  宋广寿  王多云  李凤杰  王志坤  李树同  王峰  刘自亮 《沉积学报》2003,21(2):272-277

通过对延长统长8段厚层砂岩沉积岩石学和层序地层学研究,将其分为两类,一类是由多期单一成因的分流河道砂岩叠加构成;另一类是由三角洲前缘的水下分流河道、河口坝、坝顶席状砂和滑塌砂等多种沉积微相以不同的组合形式叠加构成。首次提出在“高可容纳空间,高沉积通量”背景下,只有经过特殊水动力条件(淘洗)改造后形成的被我们称之为坝顶席状砂的砂岩才有可能成为相对高孔、高渗的优质储层。  相似文献   

Organic litter: dominance over stones as a source of interrill flow roughness on low‐gradient desert slopes at Fowlers Gap,arid western NSW,Australia     

David Dunkerley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(1):15-29

Thirty‐six runoff plot experiments provide data on flow depths, speeds, and Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficients (f) on bare soil surfaces, and surfaces to which were added sufficient extra plant litter or surface stones to provide projected cover of 5, 10 and 20 per cent. Precision flow depth data were derived with a computer‐controlled gantry and needle gauge for two different discharges for each plot treatment. Taking a fixed flow intensity (Reynolds number, Re = 150) for purposes of comparison shows means of f = 17·7 for bare soil surfaces, f = 11·4 for added stone treatments, and f = 23·8 for added litter treatments. Many individual values of f for stone treatments are lower than for the bare soil surface, but all litter treatments show increases in fcompared to bare soil. The lowering of f in stone treatments relates to the submerged volume that the stones occupied, and the associated concentration of flow onto a smaller part of the plot surface. This leads to locally higher flow intensities and lower frictional drag along threads of flow that the obstacles create. Litter causes higher frictional drag because the particles are smaller, and, for the same cover fraction, are 100 times more numerous and provide 20 times the edge or perimeter length. Along these edges, which in total exceed 2·5 m g^?1 (equivalent to 500 m m^?2 for a loading of 2 t ha^?1), surface tension draws up water from between the litter particles. This reduces flow depth there, and as a consequence of the lower flow intensity, frictional drag rises. Furthermore, no clear passage remains for the establishment of flow threads. These findings apply to shallow interrill flows in which litter is largely immobile. The key new result from these experiments is that under these conditions, a 20 per cent cover of organic litter can generate interrill frictional retardation that exceeds by nearly 41 per cent that of a bare soil surface, and twice that contributed by the same cover fraction of surface stones. Even greater dominance by litter can be anticipated at the many dryland sites where litter covers exceed those tested here. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Determination of silica sand stiffness     

G. R. Lashkaripour  R. Ajalloeian 《Engineering Geology》2003,68(3-4):225-236

Site investigation and evaluation of properties of soil or rock are important aspects of geotechnical design. Determination of the ground stiffness is one of the important parameters in geotechnical engineering. Since the measurement of shear modulus is very sensitive to soil disturbance, especially for sand, determination of the stiffness of soil in the field is more reliable than in laboratory tests on sampled specimens. Measurement of shear modulus is one of the most common applications of self-boring pressuremeter testing. As an in situ device, the pressuremeter provides a unique method for assessing directly the in situ shear modulus of a soil. This paper describes a laboratory study of silica sand stiffness, which varies with stress level and strain amplitude. The results show that the elastic shear modulus value is mainly dependent on the value of the mean effective stress and relative density.  相似文献   

An experimental investigation of LNAPL migration in an unsaturated/saturated sand   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Radhey S. Sharma  Mostafa H. A. Mohamed 《Engineering Geology》2003,70(3-4):305-313

Accidental spills of hydrocarbons, such as Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs), are one of the most common sources of subsurface contamination. Migration of LNAPL in a porous medium is influenced by various factors such as the number of fluids present in the unsaturated/saturated zones and the proportion of pores occupied by each fluid. The results for relationship between matric suction and degree of saturation are presented in this paper for water–air, water–LNAPL and LNAPL–air systems in a sand. A simple and reliable setup using Buchner funnel was designed to obtain these relations. It was found that the relationship between matric suction head and degree of saturation is hysteretic for all the fluid systems (water–air, water–LNAPL and LNAPL–air). Furthermore, the amount of hysteresis depended upon the fluid system, with the maximum hysteresis occurring for water–air system. The results suggest that the amount of trapped air depends upon the reversal degree of saturation from drying to wetting.  相似文献   

Wave-influenced deltas: geomorphological implications for facies reconstruction   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Janok P. Bhattacharya  Liviu Giosan† 《Sedimentology》2003,50(1):187-210

ABSTRACT A process‐based facies model for asymmetric wave‐influenced deltas predicts significant river‐borne muds with potentially lower quality reservoir facies in prodelta and downdrift areas, and better quality sand in updrift areas. Many ancient barrier‐lagoon systems and ‘offshore bars’ may be better reinterpreted as components of large‐scale asymmetric wave‐influenced deltaic systems. The proposed model is based on a re‐evaluation of several modern examples. An asymmetry index A is defined as the ratio between the net longshore transport rate at the mouth (in m³ year^?1) and river discharge (in 10⁶ m³ month^?1). Symmetry is favoured in deltas with an index below ≈ 200 (e.g. Tiber, lobes of the Godavari delta, Rosetta lobe of the Nile, Ebro), whereas deltas with a higher index are asymmetric (e.g. Danube – Sf. Gheorghe lobe, Brazos, Damietta lobe of the Nile). Periodic deflection of the river mouth for significant distances in the downdrift direction occurs in extreme cases of littoral drift dominance (e.g. Mahanadi), resulting in a series of randomly distributed, quasi‐parallel series of sand spits and channel fills. Asymmetric deltas show variable proportions of river‐, wave‐ and tide‐dominated facies both among and within their lobes. Bayhead deltas, lagoons and barrier islands form naturally in prograding asymmetric deltas and are not necessarily associated with transgressive systems. This complexity underlines the necessity of interpreting ancient depositional systems in a larger palaeogeographic context.  相似文献   

杭州市化工园区选址的气象环境与评估的数值模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

徐集云  顾骏强陈燕 吴涧 《气象科技》2003,31(6):334-339344

城市化是国家社会发展的必然趋势，为了在新一轮城市总体规划中能保证杭州市的大气环境质量，优化不同空间尺度的城市规划，协调城市发展与保护环境的关系，本文利用一个三维非静力区域边界层数值模式，对一些典型天气条件下杭州地区的风场和气温的空间分布特征进行模拟分析，并以此为依据，给出选取化工园区的位置的评估意见。模拟结果表明，化工园区的选址宜考虑在杭州市的西南方向。  相似文献   

粘粒含量对南京粉细砂液化影响的试验研究   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  

刘雪珠  陈国兴 《地震工程与工程振动》2003,23(3):150-155

南京粉细砂是一种以片状颗粒成分为主的粉细砂，与通常的圆形颗粒石英砂有一定区别，片状颗粒成分使得南京粉细砂具有各向异性的性质。通过对不同粘粒含量的南京粉细砂进行液化试验，分析其试验结果发现：对于粘粒含量ρc＝5％、10％和15％三种情况，在均压固结情况下，当南京粉细砂达到初始液化时，采用变形标准和孔压标准是一致的；而偏压固结时，只能采用变形标准作为南京粉细砂达到初始液化的标准，此时振动孔压仅达到围压的50％-70％。粘粒含量对南京粉细砂的抗液化强度影响很大，随粘粒含量增加，在不同固结比时，其抗液化强度并不是单调变化，而是在粘粒含量ρc＝10％左右处于一个低谷，其抗液化强度最低。  相似文献