Storm surges in the northern part of the Sea of Japan     

Yuri V. Lyubitsky 《Natural Hazards》1995,11(2):99-110

All the available historic records of sea level and appropriate weather charts have been used to study storm surges in the northern part of the Sea of Japan. The generation of surges in this area was investigated by means of a two-dimensional numerical model. Computed sea levels were compared with hourly observed residual sea levels in De-Kastri. The agreement between computed and observed storm surges is quite satisfactory. The relative importance of various meteorological parameters and bottom topography in formation of the strong storm surge on 20–21 September 1975 was studied numerically.  相似文献   

Atmospheric pollution assessment near potential source of natural aerosols in the South Gobi Desert region,China     

Mikalai Filonchyk  Volha Hurynovich  Shuwen Yang 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(2):227-244

ABSTRACT

Rapid economic growth, a high degree of urbanization and the proximity of a large number of desert and semidesert landscapes can have a significant impact on the atmosphere of adjacent territories, leading to high levels of atmospheric pollution. Therefore, identifying possible sources of atmospheric pollution is one of the main tasks. In this study, we carried out an analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of five main atmospheric pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, and CO) near potential source of natural aerosols, affecting seven cities (Wuhai, Alashan, Wuzhong, Zhongwei, Wuwei, Jinchang, Zhangye), located in immediate proximity to the South Gobi deserts. The results, obtained for the period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018, demonstrate total concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ are 38.2 ± 19.5 and 101 ± 80.7 μg/m³ exceeding the same established by the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standard (CNAAQS), being 35 and 70 μg/m³, respectively. Based on the data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the whole period, Clean Сontinental (71.49%) and Mixed (22.29%) types of aerosols prevail in the region. In the spring and winter seasons maximum concentrations of pollutants and high values of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) in the region atmosphere are observed. PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ ratio shows the presence of coarse aerosols in the total content with value 0.43. The highest concentrations of pollutants were in the period of dust storms activity, when PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ content exceeded 200 and 1000 µg/m³, and AOD value exceeded 1. UV Aerosol Index (UVAI), Aerosol Absorbing Optical Depth (AAOD), and Single Scattering Albedo (SSA), obtained from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), demonstrate the high content of dust aerosols in the period of sandstorms. Analysis of backward trajectories shows that dust air masses moved from North to Northwest China, affecting large deserts such as Taklamakan, Gurbantunggut, Badain Jaran, Tengger, and Ulan Buh deserts.  相似文献   

副高异常偏西背景下西北一次漏报的雷暴大风中尺度分析*     

姚静  王楠  康磊 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,14(6):10-20

摘要：利用西安多普勒天气雷达、L波段风廓线雷达和加密自动站探测资料，结合天气实况，对2018年7月26日发生在陕西一次副热带高压影响下的的强风暴过程进行了中尺度分析。结果表明：（1）本次强风暴伴随的阵风锋共维持了4h，其中有3h出现7级以上的大风，且最大风力10级。（2）在副热带高压影响下，陕西处于高温、高湿气团中，大气层结极不稳定。（3）此次强风暴在高的对流有效位能环境下（CAPE）下，抬升触发的关键因子是关中地区中尺度辐合线，当初生的对流云团下山后，中尺度辐合线触发的对流风暴形成小范围冷池出流与环境风场形成新的辐合线，加强对流风暴发展。（4）当阵风锋移动过程中遇到前方的对流云团时，将低层暖湿空气抬升，并随着上升气流输送到主体对流风暴中，迅速补充了主体风暴的能量，使得主体风暴再次强烈发展，延长了阵风锋的生命史。  相似文献   

"2001.4.6"宁夏沙尘暴过程卫星图像分析   总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7  

胡文东  高晓清 《高原气象》2003,22(6):590-596

利用日本GMS-5地球同步气象卫星资料,结合常规气象资料,对2001年4月6日发生于宁夏的一次沙尘暴天气过程的影响系统、物理机制、运动学特征、发展演变过程和地形作用等进行了分析。结果表明：在GMS卫星图像上,这次过程有明显的特征,通过图像处理可以得到更多的细节信息。结合实测资料的分析表明：这次沙尘暴天气是高空强西北气流和地面急行冷锋共同影响的天气过程,在卫星云图上其热力与动力过程有明显的反映,而且随着时间的变化其作用不同。三种不同的地形在这次过程中具有不同的效应。这些结果对深入认识沙尘暴天气过程,提高监测预报能力有重要意义。  相似文献   

中国北方年沙尘暴日数的气候特征及对春季高原地面感热的响应   总被引：41，自引：12，他引：29  

李栋梁  钟海玲  魏丽  吕兰芝 《高原气象》2003,22(4):337-345

选用中国185个常规气象观测站,从建站～2000年历年沙尘暴日数资料,分析了近50年来中国北方沙尘暴的气候特征及其对青藏高原地面感热异常的响应。结果表明：虽然单个沙尘暴过程具有一定的区域特征,但年沙尘暴日数具有较好的空间一致性,在空间上有5个自然尘源区,即河西走廊、南疆盆地南缘、阿拉善高原、鄂尔多斯高原和浑善达克沙地等沙尘暴高发区。比较近50年来中国沙尘暴日数的年代际变化,总体趋势在减少,20世纪90年代是近5个年代中最少的。但20世纪末至21世纪初,中国沙尘暴日数有明显的回升趋势。进一步研究表明,中国沙尘暴与春季青藏高原地面感热关系密切,当春季青藏高原地面感热呈EOF1模态时,当年中国北方沙尘暴日数明显较常年偏多。  相似文献   

登陆过程中热带风暴"黄蜂"螺旋云带的分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

陈子通 《热带气象学报》2003,19(Z1):56-64

分析了热带风暴"黄蜂"在登陆过程中逐小时高分辨红外云图上的螺旋云带及其强对流云团的变化规律.从强对流云团发展为主螺旋云带的演变过程中,螺旋云带主要表现为其前端的对流逐渐加强,其余部分逐渐减弱,以及前端的强对流云团总体表现为旋入运动且维持时间较长,而其余部分的云团总体表现为远离中心等的特征.初步探讨了螺旋云带结构变化与风暴强度之间的关系和"黄蜂"在登陆后迅速减弱的可能原因.  相似文献   

Stable Isotope Ratios: Hurricane Olivia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

James R. Lawrence  Stanley David Gedzelman  John Gamache  Michael Black 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2002,41(1):67-82

The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of rains from HurricaneOlivia (1994) in the eastern Pacific were measured. The rains werecollected on 24 and 25 September during airplane flights conducted at anelevation of 3 km. Hurricane Olivia peaked in intensity to a category-4storm between the two dates. Isotope ratios of rains from HurricaneOlivia were markedly lower ( ¹⁸O = –13.9to –28.8) than that of rain collected from a thunderstormat an elevation of 2.3 km outside the influence of Olivia (¹⁸O = –3.8). A distinct decrease in isotoperatios from the first day to the next ( ¹⁸O =–18.4 to –21.9) in Hurricane Olivia wasattributed to decreased updraft velocities and outflow aloft. Thisshifted the isotopic water mass balance so that fewer hydrometeors werelifted and more ice descended to flight level. A decrease in the averagedeuterium excess from the first day to the next (d = 15.5 to 7.1)was attributed to an increase in the relative humidity of the watervapor `source' area. We hypothesize that the `source' region for therain was in the boundary layer near the storm center and that becausethe hurricane was at peak intensity prior to the second day the relative humidity was higher.  相似文献   

Multi-station electro-optical observations of the 1999 Leonid meteor storm     

P. Brown  M.D. CampbellR.L. Hawkes  C. TheijsmeijerJ. Jones 《Planetary and Space Science》2002,50(1):45-55

  相似文献   

台风“榴莲”暴雨的湿位涡诊断分析     

农孟松  曾小团 《气象研究与应用》2002,23(1):13-14

分析 2 0 0 1年 7月 2 - 3日台风“榴莲”暴雨过程中湿位涡及其各分量的变化 ,发现对流层低层 85 0 h Pa湿位涡的负值中心、 70 0 h Pa湿位涡的正值区与强降水中心相对应 ;急流与层结稳定度的变化 ,影响着湿位涡的变化  相似文献   

城市次降雨径流污染负荷计算方法     

惠二青  黄钰铃  刘德富 《水文》2006,26(5):29-32

城镇地表径流污染是地表水体污染的主要原因,也是城镇河流的主要污染源之一,其识别和控制是目前城市水环境治理的重要内容。沙河是长江的二级支流,流经宜昌市某区,水体水质较差。以该区为研究对象,将其分为不同下垫面,通过监测次降雨不同时段各种下垫面地表径流中污染物浓度,建立地表径流污染物负荷估算方法,估算地表径流中污染物负荷量,为城市非点源污染削减和城市河流污染治理提供依据。  相似文献