Recent environmental changes inferred from the sediments of small lakes in Yellowstone's northern range (Engstromet al., 1991)     

Wayne L. Hamilton 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1994,10(2):153-157

Sedimentation rate data of Engstromet al. (1991) were analyzed in relation to the elevation of the eight ponds studied. The ... asynchroneity of the stratigraphic changes among the lakes ... that they noted was transformed into a pattern of time-transgressive change of sedimentation rate with elevation. Sediment units representing increasing (and decreasing) sedimentation rate and accelerating (and decelerating) sediment accumulation were correlated from pond to pond, suggesting that the sediment-producing condition somehow moved upslope over time at a rate of 3.4 to >5 m yr^–1. Climatic data appear not to explain this monotonic pattern, but dendrochronological data and elk population numbers suggest that ungulate foraging patterns might. Engstromet al. (1991) concluded that ...the lake-sediment records in the northern range do not convincingly show systematic direct or indirect effects of ungulate grazing during the history of the Park. Reinterpretation of these sediment data suggests that detailed reanalysis might lead to a different conclusion.  相似文献   

Remote sensing documentation of historic rangeland remediation treatments in southern New Mexico     

Albert Rango  Sarah Goslee  Jeff Herrick  Mark Chopping  Kris Havstad  Laura Huenneke  Robert Gibbens  Reldon Beck  Robert McNeely 《Journal of Arid Environments》2002,50(4):549

The Jornada Experimental Range and the New Mexico State University Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center are fruitful areas to study the long-term effects of rangeland remediation treatments which started in the 1930s. A number of diverse manipulations were completed under the direction of federal agency and university scientists, and abundant remote sensing imagery is available to assist in relocating the treatments and evaluating their success. This is particularly important because few of the treatments were maintained following the loss of scientific personnel coinciding with the start of World War II, and most records of Civilian Conservation Corps scientific work were lost with the disbanding of the agency in 1942. Aerial photography, which was systematically used to image the United States beginning in the 1930s, can be used to identify types of treatments, measure areal coverage, estimate longevity, and help plan locations for new experiments. No long-lasting vegetation response could be determined for contour terraces, brush water spreaders, strips grubbed free of shrubs (despite the fact that these strips have remained visible for 65 years), and mechanical rootplowing and seeding. Distinct positive, long-term vegetation responses could be seen in aerial photos for water retention dikes, certain fenced exclosures, and some boundaries where different land management practices meet. It appears from both aerial photos and existing conventional records that experimental manipulation of rangelands has often been ineffective on the landscape scale because treatments are not performed over large enough contiguous areas and hydrological and ecological processes overwhelm the treatments. In addition, treatments are not maintained over time, treatment evaluation periods are sometimes too short, multi-purpose treatments are not used to maximize effects, and treatments are often not located in appropriate sites.  相似文献   

乔木和灌木枝水分传导脆弱性沿降水量递增的分化     

毕敏慧  龚磊  蒋超  姚广前  杨钰婕  方向文 《中国沙漠》2018,38(6):1243-1251

植物枝条失去50%水分传导时对应的水势(ψ50),称为枝的水分传导脆弱性。该指标是反映植物干旱适应能力的关键指标,也决定着植物沿降水梯度的分布。乔木和灌木枝水分传导脆弱性沿降水量递增的变化是否一致,有待揭示。基于已发表的文献,筛选出236种乔木、137种灌木,建立ψ50与分布地年均降水量及分布地干旱指数关系,来确认两大类植物的ψ50沿降水递增的变化的异同。结果表明:乔木和灌木的ψ50均随降水梯度、干旱指数的增加而增加,一元线性回归方程显著;ψ50与降水梯度、干旱指数回归方程的回归系数在乔木和灌木间差异不显著,但同一降水量下,乔木比灌木具有较低的ψ50值。我们认为灌木和乔木枝水分传导脆弱性对降水量和干旱指数递增具有相似的适应性。  相似文献   

Dating prehistoric bog-fires in northern England to calendar years by long-distance cross-matching of pine chronologies     

Frank M. Chambers  Jonathan G. A. Lageard  Gretel Boswijk  Peter A. Thomas  Kevin J. Edwards  Jennifer Hillam 《第四纪科学杂志》1997,12(3):253-256

The ages of prehistoric fires can be approximated by radiocarbon dating of charcoal or associated material, but such dating is often inaccurate and at best imprecise. Pine trunks preserved in British and Irish peats occasionally show firescars, which might be dated through dendrochronology to yield calendar-year dates. However, unlike oak, there is no master pine chronology to provide absolute dates, so dating is dependent on interspecies cross-matching; for sites in the British Isles with no dated oaks, calendar-year dating of prehistoric pines has hitherto proved impossible. We present a first success in dating, accurately and precisely, prehistoric fire events recorded in subfossil bog-pine trunks, using long-distance cross-matching of pine chronologies between White Moss, Cheshire, and the Humberhead Levels, England. Results demonstrate a bog-fire in Cheshire in spring 2800 BC, and again in 2710 BC, between spring and summer. Further successful long-distance cross-matching of pine would permit international climatological comparisons. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国北方几种灌丛群落表土花粉与植被关系研究   总被引：14，自引：6，他引：8  

李月丛  许清海  肖举乐  阳小兰  郑振华 《地理科学》2007,27(2):205-210

中国北方20个典型灌丛群落主要花粉类型的百分比与植被盖度关系表明:除蒿及沙棘外,其它灌丛群落中,优势植物种的花粉百分比多低于20%。灌木花粉对植被的指示性研究表明:皂荚花粉为适中代表性类型,对植被指示明显。苦豆子、霸王柴、荆条、四合木、锦鸡儿、鼠李、绣线菊、虎榛子、榛、白刺、柽柳、柳等为低代表性类型(R值低于0.3),对植被有一定的指示意义;沙棘、蒿属、藜科花粉为超代表性类型(R值高于1或O值高于0.5),对植被也只有一定的指示意义。虎耳草科、豆科花粉对植被指示意义不明显。  相似文献   

温度对青藏高原高寒灌丛CO2通量日变化的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐世晓  赵亮  李英年  赵新全  古松 《冰川冻土》2007,29(5):717-721

应用涡度相关技术连续监测的CO₂通量及温度数据(2003年1月1日至2004年12月31日),分析了青藏高原高寒灌丛净生态系统CO₂交换(NEE)日变化与温度之间的关系.结果表明:1)在暖季夜间(21:00至次日06:00时)温度与NEE变化呈显著正相关关联,而白昼(07:00~20:00时)NEE变化与温度无显著关联;2)在冷季不论夜间还是白昼,NEE变化均与温度密切相关,温度是决定冷季高寒灌丛生态系统CO₂交换的主要因素.在全球气候变暖背景下,青藏高原气候变化呈现出冬季增温率明显高于春、夏季特征,未来气候变暖导致的增温效应可能会加速青藏高原高寒灌丛生态系统CO₂排放,使其作为碳汇的能力而减弱.  相似文献   

Indicators of Great Basin rangeland health     

Amrita G. de Soyza  Justin W. Van Zee  Walter G. Whitford  Anne Neale  Nita Tallent-Hallsel  Jeffrey E. Herrick  Kris M. Havstad 《Journal of Arid Environments》2000,45(4):289

Early-warning indicators of rangeland health can be used to estimate the functional integrity of a site and may allow sustainable management of desert rangelands. The utility of several vegetation canopy-based indicators of rangeland health at 32 Great Basin rangeland locations was investigated. The indicators were originally developed in rangelands of the Chihuahuan Desert. Soil resources are lost through wind and water-driven erosion mainly from areas unprotected by plant canopies (i.e. bare soil). Study sites in Idaho had the smallest bare patches, followed by sites in Oregon. The more arid Great Basin Sagebrush Zone sites in Utah had the largest bare patches. Several vegetational indicators including percent cover by vegetation, percent cover by life-form, percent cover by sagebrush, and percent cover by resilient species were negatively related to mean bare patch size and are potential indicators of Great Basin rangeland condition. Plant community composition and the range of bare patch sizes were different at sites in the three locations in Idaho, Oregon and Utah. Therefore, expected indicator values are location specific and should not be extrapolated to other locations. The condition of study sites were often ranked differently by different indicators. Therefore, the condition of rangeland sites should be evaluated using several indicators.  相似文献   

近百年来西居延海湖泊水位变化的湖岸林树轮记录   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

肖生春  肖洪浪  周茂先  司建华  张小由 《冰川冻土》2004,26(5):557-562

通过对西居延海柽柳树轮年表与气象、水文要素进行相关分析,结果表明:标准年表和西河下游5～8月平均地下水位变化呈显著正相关,而且这一相关具有明确的生物学意义.利用标准化年表和地下水位的相关关系,重建了西居延海近100a以来5～8月的水位变化,检验表明重建结果是可靠的.结合西居延海在1960—1962年干涸的史实和重建水位变化曲线,将湖岸林柽柳树轮年表涵盖的近百年分为湖水水位和地下水水位变化两个时期.其中湖水水位上升阶段为1932—1952、1956—1958年,下降阶段为1920—1932、1952—1956、1958—1960年,持续时间分别为20a、2a、12a、5a和2a;地下水水位上升阶段为1974—1981、1996—1997年,下降阶段为1961—1973、1981—1995、1997—2002年,持续时间分别为8a、1a、13a、15a和5a.  相似文献   

树木地貌学在地质灾害研究中的应用     

王秀丽  唐亚 《山地学报》2014,32(6)

地质灾害对人类及环境造成的影响巨大,了解灾害发生的规律及影响机制对防灾减灾有重大意义。树木分布广泛,不会迁移,一般情况下每年形成一圈记录当年环境状况的年轮,利用树木年轮信息能够分析环境因子的时空变化。树木地貌学已普遍应用于地震、泥石流、滑坡等地质灾害研究,通常以重建灾害发生的时间、影响范围、运动过程等为基础,评价地质灾害对森林结构组成、地貌变化的影响,分析灾害在时间及空间上的变化过程,结合气象及水文数据,能够探讨诱发灾害的可能原因,进而推测在全球变化大背景下的发展趋势。为此,探讨了利用树木年轮重建地质灾害的理论基础,总结了主要研究成果并分析了当前研究的不足,指出以后的研究方向。  相似文献   

Post‐1850 changes in Glacier Benito,North Patagonian Icefield,Chile     

Vanessa Winchester  Martin Sessions  Jammie Valdivia Cerda  Olaf Wündrich  Samuel Clemmens  Neil F. Glasser  Megan Nash 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2014,96(1):43-59

Glacier Benito is a temperate outlet glacier on the west side of the North Patagonian Icefield. Rates of thinning and ablation were obtained using data collected by the British Joint Services Expedition in 1972/73 and subsequent data collected in 2007 and 2011. Ice‐front recession rates were based on dendrochronological dating for the terminal moraines and aerial and satellite imagery of the ice front in 1944, 1998 and 2002. Between the first Benito survey in 1973 and 2007, the lower glacier thinned by nearly 150 m at an average rate of 4.3 m yr^?1 with the rate increasing to 6.1 m yr^?1 between 2007 and 2011, a 28.7% increase during the latter period. Increases in ice movement and ablation were negligible: ice movement for 1973 and 2007 averaged 0.45 m day^?1 and ablation averaged 0.05 m day^?1. Ice front recession along the glacier's centre line from 1886 to 2002 was approximately 1860 m. Retreat rates between 1886 and 1944 averaged 8.9 m yr^?1. Thereafter glacier asymmetry makes measurement along the glacier centre line unrepresentative of areal change until 1998 when symmetry was restored; retreat between 1944 and 1998 was 15.4 m yr^?1. From 1998 to 2002 the rate increased dramatically to 127.2 m yr^?1. Recession from the southern end of Benito's terminal moraine in the 1850s supports an early date for initial retreat of the Icefield's glaciers.  相似文献