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干旱荒漠区绿洲边缘典型固沙灌木的降水截留特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在民勤绿洲边缘,降水对维持固沙灌木持续稳定发挥固沙功能具有重要作用。本文选择民勤绿洲边缘3种主要固沙灌木为研究对象,观测了降雨条件下降水穿透量和冠层截留量,分析了降水穿透量和冠层截留量与降雨量之间的关系以及截留率与降水强度之间的关系,比较了不同灌木群落的降水截留特征。结果表明,不同灌木的降水截留存在明显差异,梭梭、柽柳、生长良好白刺、衰退白刺冠层最大截留量和截留容量分别为0.6 mm、0.6 mm、0.4 mm、0.3 mm和0.8 mm、0.8 mm、0.5 mm、0.2 mm;在两年总降水量255.3 mm条件下,梭梭、柽柳和生长良好白刺3种灌木群落冠层截留损失分别为44 mm、88 mm和32 mm,占降水总量的16.6%、33.1%和12.0%;当降雨强度<0.8 mm·h-1,梭梭和柽柳降水截留率随降水强度增加均呈递减趋势;当降水强度>0.8 mm·h-1时,梭梭冠层截留量与降水量的比率基本稳定在0.2～0.3之间,柽柳在0.3～0.4之间;当降水强度<0.5 mm·h-1,生长良好白刺灌丛的降水截留率随降水强度增加呈下降趋势;当降雨强度>0.5 mm·h-1,生长良好白刺灌丛截留率基本维持在0.1～0.2之间;降雨强度>0.4 mm·h-1时,衰退白刺截留率稳定在0.05～0.1之间。 相似文献
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祁连山高山灌丛生物量及其分配特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
分布于青海云杉林上线的祁连山高山灌丛是祁连山水源涵养林效益最佳林型,研究高山灌丛生物量是生态系统生产力的重要体现,也是群落结构和功能的主要测度之一。以祁连山排露沟流域3 300～3 700 m高山灌丛为研究对象,采用标准地、样方收获法以及壕沟挖掘方法,对不同海拔高度10个固定样地灌丛生物量,器官生物量进行调查,分析了不同海拔梯度灌丛的叶、枝、须根、细根、粗根烘干重数据及其生物量分配特征。结果表明：祁连山高山灌丛总生物量为12 869.39±3 306.16 kg/hm2(平均值±标准差,n=10),其中器官分配以枝生物量所占比例最高,达32.21%,叶、须根、细根、粗根的比例分别为15.70%、14.06%、11.13%和26.90%。不同海拔梯度灌丛生物量器官分配比例差异较大,地上生物量平均为6 097.17kg/hm2,地下生物量平均为6 772.22kg/hm2,不同海拔根茎比在0.56～1.93之间变化,海拔3 500 m处根茎比达最大。祁连山高山灌丛生物量与海拔呈现显著的负相关（R2 = 0.898 7,p＜0.01）,随着海拔的升高,灌丛总生物量,地上以及地下生物量均呈现下降的趋势。研究结果可为内陆河流域生态环境的保护及其高山灌丛对全球气候变化的响应研究提供重要理论依据和应用资料。 相似文献
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D. L. Dunkerley 《水文研究》2008,22(12):1985-1995
Interception losses from the canopies of dryland plant taxa remain poorly understood, especially the relative contributions of intra‐storm and post‐storm evaporative losses. Employing a new measuring apparatus, this study uses low‐intensity simulated rain, matched to the properties of local rain, to explore interception processes in bluebush shrubs at an Australian dryland site. Five shrub specimens were exposed to simulated rain for 60–90 min. Experiments were repeated at three rainfall intensities (10, 15, and 20 mm h?1). Canopy evaporation was found from the difference between the flux of water delivered to the shrub and the flux of throughfall, once equilibrium had been established. The results show that evaporation from the wet foliage during rain proceeds at an average rate of 3·6 mm h?1. This figure is for relatively cool spring‐season conditions; evaporation rates in hot summer conditions would be larger. Intra‐storm evaporation is shown to exceed post‐rain evaporation from interception storage on the shrubs, and this differentiates dryland shrub interception processes from those of the better‐studied wet forest environment. Implications of the high dryland shrub canopy evaporation rates for aspects of dryland ecology are highlighted. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Shrubs proliferated within a six-year exclosure in a temperate grassland—Spatiotemporal relationships between vegetation and soil variables 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Overgrazing has been considered one of the maj or causes that trigger shrub encroachment of grassland. Proliferation of shrubs in grassland is recognized as an important indicator of grassland degradation and desertification. In China, various conservation measures, including enclosures to reduce livestock grazing, have been taken to reverse the trend of grassland desertification, yet shrubs have been reported to increase in the grasslands over the past decades. In late 2007, we set up a 400-m-by-50-m exclosure in a long-term overgrazed temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, with the ob- jective to quantify the spatiotemporal relationship between vegetation dynamics, soil variables, and grazing exclusion. Soil moisture was continuously monitored within the exclosure, and cover and aboveground biomass of the shrubs were measured inside the exclosure in 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2013, and outside the exclosure in 2012 and 2013. We found the average shrub cover and biomass significantly increased in the six years by 103 % and 120%, respectively. The result supported the hypothesis that releasing grazing pressure following long-term overgrazing tends to trigger shrub invasion into grassland. Our results, limited to a single gradient, suggest that any conservation measures with quick release of overgrazing pressure by enclosure or other similar means might do just the opposite to accelerate shrub en- croachment in grassland. The changes in vegetation cover and biomass were regressed on the temporal average of the soil moisture content by means of the generalized least square technique to quantify the effect of the spatial autocor- relation. The result indicates that the grass cover and biomass significantly increased with the top, but decreased with the bottom layer soil moisture. The shrub cover and biomass, on the other hand, decreased with the top, but increased with bottom soil moisture, although the regression coefficients for the shrubs were not statistically significant. Hence this study supports the two-layered soil model which assumes grasses and shrubs use belowground resources in dif- ferent depths. 相似文献
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科尔沁沙地灌木对风沙土壤的生态效应 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
对科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿、差巴嘎蒿和黄柳灌木阻固沙尘和保育土壤的生态效应进行了野外定株观测研究。结果表明:⑴小叶锦鸡儿阻固沙尘的能力很强,单株灌木基部的平均积沙（尘）量为0.49m3,分别是差巴嘎蒿和黄柳的3倍和16倍。⑵每一灌木种的冠幅直径、基部分枝数和分枝直径均与灌木基部的积沙（尘）量有显著的正相关关系,其中冠幅直径对积沙（尘）量的影响最大,决定系数为0.18～0.58（P<0.05,n=30）。⑶三种灌木对土壤有机质、全P、全N和速效P都有不同程度的富集作用,其中对土壤有机质的富集作用更为明显;不同灌木种间,小叶锦鸡儿对土壤有机质和全N的富集作用略大于差巴嘎蒿和黄柳。 相似文献
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为了加深对阿拉善荒漠土壤环境状况的了解,并为植被生态功能的评价以及植物群落的保育与恢复提供理论依据,基于16S rDNA高通量测序和相关统计分析方法,对5种荒漠建群灌木红砂（Reaumuria soongarica）、绵刺（Potaninia mongolica）、沙冬青（Ammopiptanthus mongolicus）、霸王（Zygophyllum xanthoxylum）、白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）丛下表层和次表层的土壤细菌进行了研究。结果表明：5种灌丛下的土壤细菌以放线菌门和变形菌门为主,不同土层和灌木间的土壤细菌群落结构、多样性及群落功能均存在差异。土壤细菌群落结构与土壤中Mg2+、全碳和HCO3-含量的相关性更显著。土壤细菌群落结构的差异程度与灌木本身的发生学亲缘关系十分吻合,且表层土壤细菌受植物形态、生理特征以及具体生存策略的影响更大。 相似文献
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我国生物地理学研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
生物地理学研究是生物学和地理学交叉非常明显的部门自然地理学学科,它具有很强的基础研究特点,同时研究成果也具有很大的应用潜力。近年来,我国生物地理学基础研究在国家自然科学基金委等部门的支持下,在山地植被与地理环境、干旱半干旱区植被与地理环境、植物区系、植物物候、土壤动物与土壤生态功能、土壤生物结皮等方面开展了全面而深入的研究。同时拓展了传统生物地理学的研究方向,在植物地理学与全球变化、植物地理学与生物多样性保护、植物地理学与生态系统管理等方面也开展了大量研究。尤为可贵的是干旱半干旱区土壤生物结皮研究、典型温带荒漠区原生荒漠植被对水分改变的响应与适应研究取得了令国内外关注的高水平研究成果。 相似文献
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Rainfall partitioning by desert shrubs in arid regions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We measured the rainfall partitioning among throughfall, stemflow, and interception by desert shrubs in an arid region of China, and analyzed the influence of rainfall and canopy characteristics on this partitioning and its ecohydrological effects. The percent-ages of total rainfall accounted for by throughfall, stemflow, and interception ranged from 78.85±2.78 percent to 86.29±5.07 per-cent, from 5.50±3.73 percent to 8.47±4.19 percent, and from 7.54±2.36 percent to 15.95±4.70 percent, respectively, for the four shrubs in our study (Haloxylon ammodendron, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Tamarix ramosissima, and Nitraria sphaerocarpa). Rain-fall was significantly linearly correlated with throughfall, stemflow, and interception (P < 0.0001). The throughfall, stemflow, and interception percentages were logarithmically related to total rainfall (P < 0.01), but were quadratically related to the maximum 1-hour rainfall intensity (P < 0.01). The throughfall and stemflow percentages increased significantly with increasing values of the rainfall characteristics, whereas the interception percentage generally decreased (except for average wind speed, air temperature, and canopy evaporation). Regression analysis suggested that the stemflow percentage increased significantly with increasing crown length, number of branches, and branch angle (R2 = 0.92, P < 0.001). The interception percentage increased significantly with increasing LAI (leaf area index) and crown length, but decreased with increasing branch angle (R2 = 0.96, P < 0.001). The mean funnelling percentages for the four shrubs ranged from 30.27±4.86 percent to 164.37±6.41 percent of the bulk precipitation. Much of the precipitation was funnelled toward the basal area of the stem, confirming that shrub stemflow conserved in deep soil layers may be an available moisture source to support plant survival and growth under arid conditions. 相似文献