干旱胁迫下钠复合肥对霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)根系生长的促进作用     

王春梅  夏曾润  张金林  包爱科  周向睿  岳利军  王锁民 《中国沙漠》2014,34(2):405-412

霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)是荒漠区广为分布的一种多浆旱生植物。采用盆栽育苗的方法,初步评价了干旱胁迫下Na+对霸王根系生长的贡献,探讨了一种新型钠复合肥对霸王根系形态、生理学指标的影响。结果显示,钠复合肥能显著促进霸王根系的生长并提高其抗旱性:(1)正常浇水时,钠复合肥对霸王的促进作用主要体现在株高的增加和侧根的增长上,根系活力显著增强;(2)自然干旱15d后,钠复合肥使得霸王根系活跃吸收面积显著提高24%,促进主根的加粗和伸长以吸收更多的水分和矿质养分;(3)干旱胁迫下,钠复合肥处理使霸王根部Na+浓度保持较高水平,K+浓度下降42%。因此认为,干旱前钠复合肥显著促进了霸王侧根的生长和根系活力的提高,干旱后钠复合肥通过促进根系活跃吸收面积的扩大和主根的生长以提高霸王的抗旱性,其主要原因是根和叶中积累了较多的Na+、而非K+。  相似文献   

生物肥部分替代化肥对甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)养分吸收、光合作用以及品质的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

牛振明  张国斌  刘赵帆  贾豪语  郁继华 《中国沙漠》2014,34(2):464-471

采用大田试验,研究了化肥减量20%~40%、配施生物肥对春茬甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)生长、养分吸收利用、光合作用以及品质的影响。结果表明:与当地施肥量(底肥:N 139.2kg·hm-2,P2O5255kg·hm-2,K2O 93.6kg·hm-2;追肥:N 208.8kg·hm-2)相比,化肥减量并配施生物肥使甘蓝生长前期、后期的茎粗变小;对甘蓝的叶片数、冠幅投影面积无显著影响;叶片的气孔导度、净光合速率均与对照无显著差异;促进了甘蓝叶球生长,叶球中硝酸盐和可溶性固形物含量降低,Vc含量增加;甘蓝叶球、叶片和根系氮含量降低,氮在叶球分配的比例提高,在叶片、根系分配的比例降低。化肥减量并配施生物肥提高了幼苗株高、增加了茎粗,气孔导度和净光合速率升高,降低了硝酸盐和可溶性固形物含量、叶球氮含量和根系的钾含量。  相似文献   

Effects of fertilization on population density and productivity of herbaceous plants in desert steppe     

JieQiong Su  XinRong Li  HaoTian Yang 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(3):0219-0225

In order to investigate the impacts of fertilization on population density and productivity on herbaceous plants in desert steppe, nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P）, and N-P addition experiments were performed. Each fertilizer treatment included four addition levels, i.e., 0, 5, 10, and 20 g/m2. The results indicated that population density decreased as fertilization levels increased regardless of the sort of fertilizer. More specifically, total density as well as density ofArtemisia capillaris, Allium polyrhizum, and Enneapogon brachystachyus decreased significantly in 20 g/m2 treated plots, as compared with the control plots. Fertilization effects on aboveground and root biomasses were extremely similar to that found in population density; that is, both total aboveground biomass and aboveground biomasses for A. capillaris, A. polyrhizum, and E. brachystachyus were negatively correlated with increasing fertilization levels, with all determination coefficients （R2） greater than 0.80. Therefore, in the case of desert regions （annual precipitation 〈180 mm）, fertilization would inhibit population density and productivity of herbaceous plants.  相似文献   

不溶性含钾岩石工业提钾生产钾肥的不可行性再分析     

陈履安 《贵州地质》2011,28(3):237-240

针对当前有些拥有不溶性含钾岩石的地区,仍然积极推动含钾岩石的工业提钾生产钾肥的现状,本着科学决策、民主决策的精神,本文通过国内外含钾岩石研发的历史与现状,以及钾盐肥料产业的快速发展态势和市场分析,认为在今后一个相当长时间内,开发含钾岩石工业生产钾肥不是解决我国钾肥资源短缺的可行途径。把含钾岩石作为钾肥原料、工业生产可溶...  相似文献   

Production of Potash and N-Mg Compound Fertilizer via Mineral Shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake: Phase Diagrams of Quaternary System(NH_4)_2SO_4-Mg SO_4-K_2SO_4-H_2O in the Isothermal Evaporation and Crystallization Process     

LI Cheng  CHEN Xueqing  GUO Hongfei  ZHOU Xue  CAO Jilin 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(3):1016-1023

Based on the requirement of the new technology for producing potassium sulfate and N-Mg compound fertilizer,boussingaultite,by the reaction of the mineral shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake,Qinghai province,and the industrial byproduct ammonium sulfate,the solubilities of the quaternary system (NH_4)_2SO_4-Mg SO_4-K_2SO_4-H_2O at 25.0oC in the isothermal evaporation and crystallization process were measured using the isothermal evaporation method,and the corresponding phase diagrams were plotted.According to the diagram,this system contains six saturation points and six solid phase fields of crystallization,which correspond to (K_(1-m),(NH_4)_m)_2SO_4,(NH_4)_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O,K_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O,Mg SO_4·6H_2O,(K_(1-n),(NH_4)_n)_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O and Mg SO_4·7H_2O,respectively.By analyzing and calculating the isothermal evaporation and dissolution phase diagram of this quaternary system at 25.0oC,K_2SO_4 and (NH_4)_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O can be separated via K_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O and (NH_4)_2SO_4 as raw materials.Theoretical calculations about the proposed process were carried out and verified by experiment,which indicated that the yield of potassium sulfate was improved and the magnesium resources were fully utilized.  相似文献   

Influences of international agricultural trade on the global phosphorus cycle and its associated issues     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

Industrial phosphorus (P) fertilizer has substantially improved global food production, but has also led to environmental impacts. Intensive global agricultural trade has increased and the impacts of trade on aggravating or alleviating future P scarcity must be examined, especially for the most vulnerable countries. We combined data to estimate the global P trade among countries and its impacts on global P flows, based on global agricultural trade, cropland soil P budgets and crop P fertilizer footprints (the amount of industrial P fertilizer applied for producing one unit of P in the harvested crop). The global agricultural P trade represented a fraction of 16% of P in harvested crops in 2014, half of which was exported from the United States of America, Brazil and the European Union and one fifth imported by China. Virtual P fertilizer flows (about 2.60 Tg P y^-1) referred to industrial P fertilizers applied to traded crops by exporting countries; thus, 1/3 of global virtual P fertilizer flows were associated with the international soybean trade. P use efficiency (PUE), the ratio of the harvested crop-P to the total external P inputs, is a larger problem for tropical than temperate countries. Global crop trade had brought in a net 0.2 Tg P y^-1 savings of industrial P fertilizers globally, compared to crop production in export and import countries. >0.50 Tg y^-1 of the gross global accumulation of soil P and P in freshwater were associated with global agricultural trade. Global PUE, however, could be improved considerably, and thus global cooperation and improving PUE could help to solve the problem of future P scarcity. Vulnerable countries should also propose urgent national plans to address their own situations of P scarcity or low PUE.  相似文献   

沱江流域磷矿开采和加工过程中放射性环境问题探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

施泽明  倪师军  张成江  葛良全  郑林  裴云倩 《地球科学进展》2012,27(10):1134-1139

大多数磷矿伴随着高含量的放射性元素U,通过对龙门山地区磷矿开采和加工过程中U,Th迁移的研究,初步查明了沱江流域放射性环境问题。研究结果显示,除含U磷块岩外,四川省磷肥及磷矿石中U含量水平相对偏高,磷矿开采加工是造成区域放射性元素含量偏高的主要原因;磷矿加工过程中放射性元素U,Th主要迁移到中间产物及最终产品中;磷石膏的堆放对周边土壤环境的放射性影响,水平方向上已超过2 km,垂向上近50 cm;磷矿的开采与加工已对流域产生了一定程度的放射性环境影响。  相似文献   

秋免耕对坝上地区农田风蚀及土壤理化性质的影响     

安晨宇  王仁德  周海涛  李庆  张新军  常春平  郭中领  李继峰 《中国沙漠》2022,42(2):95-103

秋免耕是中国北方风蚀区农田保护性耕作的主要措施,对土壤风蚀的抑制作用已得到普遍验证,但对土壤性质的影响还缺乏足够认识,是否具有保墒作用还存在争议.以地处北方农牧交错带的河北坝上地区康保县作为典型研究区,采用野外调查取样和室内实验分析手段,通过比较秋免耕地与邻近秋翻耕地风蚀前后表层土壤理化性质变化的差异,研究秋免耕对土壤...  相似文献   

草莓施用硅肥效果研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

蔡德龙  钱发军  邓挺  赵华  董玉枝 《地域研究与开发》1999,18(2):69-71

对硅肥在草莓上施用效果进行了对比试验研究。结果表明,硅肥对草莓的生长发育和产量的提高有较大的作用,硅肥能够促进草莓的营养生长,使草莓株高增加１．９￣２．５ｃｍ,硅肥能促进草莓的果实增大,使外观鲜红圆润、有光泽,经济价值提高。施用硅肥可使草莓产量增加１９．１％￣２８．７％。  相似文献   

含硼专用肥及其制备          下载免费PDF全文

赵启文  屠兰英 《盐湖研究》1999,7(4):73-75

将硼矿分解后的废渣与磷矿石混合后,用硫酸分解,制成含硼的过磷酸钙。经深入加工制成油菜（籽）专用肥,肥效显著。  相似文献