青藏铁路沱沱河段路基边坡植物护坡根系力学强度试验研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

胡夏嵩  陈桂琛  周国英  徐文华  李国荣  乔娜  余芹芹 《水文地质工程地质》2012,39(1):107-113

以青藏铁路沱沱河段路基边坡作为试验区,且在试验区路基边坡两侧种植了乡土护坡草本植物垂穗披碱草,通过对种植在试验区路基阴坡、阳坡生长5年的垂穗披碱草,做了野外原位根系拉拔试验,获得了垂穗披碱草根系抗拔力。研究表明:种植在阳坡的垂穗披碱草根系抗拔力为3088N,阴坡抗拔力为2352N,即种植在阳坡的垂穗披碱草根系抗拔力显著大于阴坡,影响其抗拔力大小的主要因素与土壤含水量及其变化有密切关系,试验区阳坡接受光照时间、程度均强于阴坡,试验区阳坡坡面土壤水分蒸发量大于阴坡这种差异形成阴坡、阳坡坡体土壤含水量不同的主要原因;垂穗披碱草根系抗拔力大小与须根数量、根径、根长、株高、根表面积、分蘖数之间均呈线性关系,其中抗拔力与须根数量之间呈显著性线性相关,阳坡垂穗披碱草抗拔力随根系数量增加的幅度显著大于阴坡,即当须根数量为40～60条时,阳坡垂穗披碱草的抗拔力集中分布在11～25N,阴坡抗拔力分布在8～15N;当须根数量为60～140条时,阳坡垂穗披碱草的抗拔力分布在30～70N,阴坡抗拔力为20～50N。根据路基边坡阴坡、阳坡垂穗披碱草根系抗拔力试验结果,评价了阴、阳两种坡向条件下垂穗披碱草根系护坡力学贡献,这对青藏铁路路基边坡种植草本植物实现该边坡与周边自然生态环境之间的协调发展具有理论指导意义。  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of dust deposition within a small drainage basin: Implications for loess deposits in the Negev Desert   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Giora J. Kidron  Motti Zohar  Abraham Starinsky 《Sedimentology》2014,61(7):1908-1922

Loessial colluvial sediments and aeolian aprons are common deposits in the Negev Desert Highlands. In an attempt to monitor the amounts and distributional pattern of loess, monthly dust measurements were carried out during 2004 to 2006 in 10 cm diameter traps located at 18 stations along four slopes, north‐facing, south‐facing, east‐facing and west‐facing in a second‐order drainage basin near Sede Boqer, Negev Desert Highlands, Israel. Annual total dust depositions ranged between 110 g and 178 g m^?2 with an average of 151·1 g m^?2. The average annual dust deposition in the catchment was 23·5% higher than the average amount recorded at the hilltops (122·4 g m^?2) and may be a consequence of sheltering opportunities in the hilly topography. When analysed according to season and aspect, significantly higher monthly amounts were received during the wet rainy season of December to March (17·0 g m^?2), in comparison with the rest of the year (8·1 g m^?2). As for the aspect, while no significant differences characterized north‐facing and south‐facing slopes, east‐facing slopes received significantly higher amounts (by 43·3%) than west‐facing slopes, pointing to preferential dust deposition at the leeward slope. Concurring with the classical model that anticipates higher dust deposition at the leeside slope, but in disagreement with some reports published in the literature, the findings of this study were also supported by a field survey that showed preferential loess accumulation at the eastern and north‐eastern aspects. These findings may shed light on distributional patterns of colluvial sediments and aeolian aprons in the Negev, on soil‐forming processes and on past cycles of dust deposition.  相似文献