Accretion rates on some debris slopes in the Mt. Rae area,Canadian Rocky Mountains   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

James S. Gardner 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1983,8(4):347-355

Accretion of debris was monitored on six slopes in the Mt. Rae area of the Canadian Rocky Mountains for the period 1975–1982. Monitoring was accomplished by measuring annually the accumulated debris on fabric mats which were placed on the long profile of the slopes. Annual rates of accretion were extremely variable between points on the same slope, between slopes, and between years. The data do not show a systematic decrease in accretion downslope but indicate that an absence of accretion is more likely on the lower half of the slopes. In general, annual rates are comparable to previously published values from the Rockies and the maximum rates of 30 to 40 mm per year are comparable to those from Karkevagge in Scandinavia. Extremely high rates of accretion were all related to extreme events such as debris flows or full depth snow avalanches. The variation in accretion rates is not explained by single environmental factors such as lithology and slope exposure.  相似文献   

Ground retreat and slope evolution on regraded surface-mine dumps,waunafon, gwent     

Martin J. Haig 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(2):183-189

Ground retreat was monitored on two vegetated and two unvegetated profiles over a five-year period. The average annual retreat of the two unvegetated profiles was 5.84 mm and 3.62 mm; that of the two vegetated profiles 2.34 mm and 2.07 mm. Slope evolution was controlled by the mid-slope-ward migration of two zones of accelerated erosion and the resulting replacement of a central rectilinear slope segment by the upper and lower slope elements.  相似文献   

1879年武都南8级大地震及其同震破裂研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

侯康明  雷中生  万夫岭  李丽梅  熊振 《中国地震》2005,21(3):295-310

近年来，通过艰苦的野外现场考察和室内相关资料的系统调研，对1879年武都南8级大震的震级、震害、烈度分布、同震破裂及其形成该事件的发震构造、形成机制等方面的问题进行了专题研究。本文对武都南8级大震的宏观震中位置、震级及同震破裂研究结果进行了总结。重点讨论了该历史事件同震破裂的分布范围、破裂类型、规模及其形成机制等方面的问题。研究结果表明：（1）武都南地震的极震区主体位于甘肃东南部的武都与文县之间，且靠近武都南，为一呈北东东向展布的椭圆形，长轴长约70km，短轴长约30km，宏观震中位于极震区东部的堡子坝附近。（2）极震区内分布有3条向北东撒开，向南西收敛的同震破裂带。（3）主破裂带西起哈南白水江，东至固水子、透坊、稻畦子一带的白龙江沿岸。（4）同震破裂主要由地震裂缝、地震陡坎、地震鼓包、地震滑坡、堰塞湖等构造类型组成，其中以滑坡现象最为突出，保存也最为完整。（5）根据同震破裂的产生部位，几何』结构和形成机制，可认为武都南地震的同震破裂带是在哈南-稻畦子-毛坡拉断裂带左旋走滑兼倾滑活动作用下形成的。（6）根据同震破裂的规模及发震断裂运动量实测数据，可以确定武都南地震震级已达8级。  相似文献   

SLIP4EX – A Program for Routine Slope Stability Analysis to Include the Effects of Vegetation, Reinforcement and Hydrological Changes     

John R. Greenwood 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(3):449-465

SLIP4EX is a straightforward computer program developed in connection with the EU funded ECOSLOPES project for routine stability analysis and the assessment of the contribution of vegetation to slope stability. The slope section is drawn up and dimensions and parameters are fed in to the Microsoft Excel based program for stability calculations and comparisons of Factors of Safety using different methods of analysis (Bishop, Janbu, Fellenius, Simple, Greenwood). The background and assumptions involved in the derivation of each of the methods is briefly described. The simplicity of the program enables the user to understand the nature of the analysis, explore the parameter assumptions made and compare the different methods of analysis. Soil reinforcement by geosynthetic layers or anchors, and vegetation effects of enhanced cohesion, changed water pressures, mass of vegetation, wind forces and root reinforcement forces are readily included in the analysis. The program is freely available on request from the Author.  相似文献   

Geomorphology of medium‐high mountains under changing human impact,from managed slopes to nature restoration: a study from the Sudetes,SW Poland     

Agnieszka Latocha  Piotr Migo&#x; 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(13):1657-1673

In the last few hundred years, medium‐high mountain geomorphic systems of the East Sudetes, central Europe, have evolved under varying human impacts and have shown distinctive behaviours, depending on the nature and intensity of human activities. The general trend within this period has been from initial disturbance brought about by the spread of agriculture, through managed rural landscapes in the 19th and early 20th century, to gradual restoration of natural conditions observed in the last few tens of years, concurrent with considerable population decline in the mountain valleys. Accelerated soil erosion was successfully mitigated by the introduction of agricultural terraces in the 19th century, and most sediment could have been stored within the slopes. The current phase of nature restoration is understood as a return to general slope stability, weak coupling between slopes and channels, and limited sediment transfer across and out of mountainous drainage basins, which typified most of the Holocene prior to human colonization. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

节理化块体边坡失稳机理数值分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

李宁  段庆伟 《岩土力学》1997,18(3):53-59

针对三峡库区移民新址的工程地质问题，用改进的岩土工程软件系统FINAL，研究了节理化块体岩坡的失稳机理，指出除了节理的C，值控制岩块的滑移、倾覆变形，倾倒等破坏形式外，岩块的模量E也对倾覆变形破坏起重要作用，从而不仅说明了保护坡脚，防止岩块浸水软化的必要性，也说明了应用传统离散元法分析这类问题的局限性。  相似文献   

Extensive deformations of rock slopes in southern Coast Mountains, southwest British Columbia, Canada     

Michael J. Bovis  Stephen G. Evans 《Engineering Geology》1996,44(1-4):163-182

Extensive deformations of mountain slopes occur in crystalline intrusive rocks in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia. Typical morphological evidence of slope movement includes extensive systems of tension cracks, grabens, and antislope scarps (collectively referred to here as linears). These landforms involve displacements along penetrative joints observed in surface exposures. Kinematic tests on rock-structural data indicate that the observed patterns of linears are generally consistent with the feasible gravitational movements along the dominant discontinuities. Most sites indicate sliding as the most likely initial mode of movement, followed by or accompanied by toppling and toppling-induced sliding movements, and do not support the view that linears are the traces of active faults.  相似文献   

湖北省巴东县桐木园山坡型泥石流的形成机理及预警指标——以2003—03—31强降雨过程为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张永双  吴树仁赵越 何锋石菊松  罗菊英 《地质通报》2003,22(10):833-838

2003年3月31日，巴东县在连续强降雨作用下出现多处山体斜坡地质灾害，造成大量房屋破坏和人员伤亡。通过现场综合调查，笔者认为灾害比较严重的桐木园斜坡灾害体发球典型的山坡型泥石流，着重剖析了该山坡型泥石流的变形特征及其成灾机理，并探讨了斜坡浅表层松散岩土体快速变形的临界降雨阀值和预指标。  相似文献   

基于二阶段禁忌算法的边坡安全模型的识别     

陈廷伟  冯夏庭 《岩土力学》2002,23(3):347-351

识别岩土力学经验模型的关键是如何寻找到一个全局最优解。禁忌虎法是一种寻找全局最优解的算法。针对常规禁忌算法处理连续问题时搜索范围小，对初始点的依赖性强等不足，对算法进行了改进，并将禁忌算法的离散化过程进行了修改，提出了二阶段禁忌算法。用该算法对圆弧和楔体破坏边坡数模型中的参数进行了搜索。结果表明，该方法是一种行之有效的全局优化算法。  相似文献   

大型边坡加固技术的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

祝介旺  庄华泽  李建伟  张路青  杨志法  伍法权 《工程地质学报》2008,16(3):365-370

随着国家大规模经济建设的展开,水利水电、交通、矿山、国防等工程建设中经常会遇到大型边坡的加固问题。以边坡规模、工程地质条件和工程重要性作为影响边坡加固方法选择的3类主要因素,并将其分别分解为3个级别,通过各因素之间不同级别的组合分级来确定边坡加固方案的初步选择。对于一些工程地质条件很差的重要边坡,现有的边坡加固方法存在一定的局限性和不足。为此,作者提出了可用于大型边坡加固的地下梁-桩框架结构体系。通过将桩和梁相互连接而构成的空间框架结构,该体系可以将稳定性不足的坡体与深部稳定岩体牢固地连结起来,进而可以充分发挥岩体的自支撑能力。该结构体系的实施不仅可以充分利用为其他目的而开挖的探洞、试验洞等已有洞体,而还可以轻易、高效地实现边坡的排水和监测。  相似文献