Modeling of spatial distributions of farmland density and its temporal change using geographically weighted regression model   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Haitao Zhang  Long Guo  Jiaying Chen  Peihong Fu  Jianli Gu  Guangyu Liao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(2):191-204

This study used spatial autoregression（SAR） model and geographically weighted regression（GWR） model to model the spatial patterns of farmland density and its temporal change in Gucheng County,Hubei Province,China in 1999 and 2009,and discussed the difference between global and local spatial autocorrelations in terms of spatial heterogeneity and non-stationarity. Results showed that strong spatial positive correlations existed in the spatial distributions of farmland density,its temporal change and the driving factors,and the coefficients of spatial autocorrelations decreased as the spatial lag distance increased. SAR models revealed the global spatial relations between dependent and independent variables,while the GWR model showed the spatially varying fitting degree and local weighting coefficients of driving factors and farmland indices（i.e.,farmland density and temporal change）. The GWR model has smooth process when constructing the farmland spatial model. The coefficients of GWR model can show the accurate influence degrees of different driving factors on the farmland at different geographical locations. The performance indices of GWR model showed that GWR model produced more accurate simulation results than other models at different times,and the improvement precision of GWR model was obvious. The global and local farmland models used in this study showed different characteristics in the spatial distributions of farmland indices at different scales,which may provide the theoretical basis for farmland protection from the influence of different driving factors.  相似文献   

Effects of corridor networks on plant species composition and diversity in an intensive agriculture landscape     

Qian Tang  Guofu Liang  Xunling Lu  Shengyan Ding 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(1):93-103

The development of modern agriculture has resulted in much homogenization of the landscape consisting of large patches of farmland,so small remnant non-crop habitats especially linear corridors play an important role in the conservation of species and the maintenance of ecosystem functions.However,little attention has been paid to the effects of corridors structural characteristics on the plant species restricted to such habitats.In this study,we selected three types of corridors including ditch,hedgerow and road,and ana-lyzed their structural characteristics.The plant species presented in these corridors were investigated,and the species diversity,abun-dance and frequency were estimated.Moreover,spatial arrangements of corridors were classified into different types to discuss whether there were significant effects of corridor network on plant distribution.The results show that three types of corridors have different ef-fects on plant species composition and diversity.The one-one combined corridor networks and total network associated by three corri-dors have more complex structural features than each single type of corridor.However,there is no strong correlation between the corri-dor networks with their plant species.We suggest that carrying out a pointed vegetation survey at corridor intersections to further test the relationships between structural features of corridor and plants is necessary.  相似文献   

Evolution and spatial patterns of spheres of urban influence in China   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Kaiyong Wang  Yu Deng  Daowei Sun  Tao Song 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(1):126-136

This article presents the findings of a study of the spheres of urban influence with regard to all cities in China（not including Hong Kong,Macau and Taiwan Province of China）in the years 1990,2000 and 2009.An optimized gravity model with comprehensive time distance was used to carry out a detailed analysis of the spatial patterns of Chinese spheres of urban influence and the spatial characteristics of urban agglomerations.Such urban agglomerations are characterized by high density population and a developed economy,which are also considered as the national competition unit.This paper initially identifies four spatial patterns of urban agglomerations based on the spatial layout of city groups during their evolution.Some basic characteristics of urban agglomerations are outlined,including the number of cities,the size of cities and the functions of urban centers.These characteristics are examined by using statistical methods and Geographic Information System（GIS）.The main findings from this research are that the development stages and structures of urban agglomerations in China vary significantly.It is also clear that the stages and evolution of spatial patterns are strongly affected and dominated by both policy and location factors.  相似文献   

Spatial structure of central places in Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration,Jilin Province,China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Shijun Wang  Yongchao Wang  Dan Wang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(3):375-383

Using the radius of gyration from fractal theory, this paper describes the calculation of fractal dimensions for the four tiers of central places in the Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration(JCUA), Jilin Province, China and the structural characteristics of each tier: 1) the 1st tier central place, Changchun Proper(not including Shuangyang District), provides the most service functions and has the most stable primate position; 2) the 2nd tier central places, Jilin Proper, Siping Proper, Liaoyuan Proper and Songyuan Proper have unclear statuses and do not provide certain functions; 3) the 3rd tier central places comprise 23 county-level cities, counties and urban districts(including Shuangyang District of Changchun), exhibiting a dense spatial structure that agrees with theory; 4) the 4th tier contains the largest number of central places(248 designated towns), but they are loosely distributed. In this study, a spatial image of the JCUA was created, based on vectorized data of the urban settlement distribution, which was then modified and abstracted to create a hexagonal network covering the JCUA. Compared to the traditional central place model, the modified spatial image conforms to the K = 3 principle. In reality, however, the growth of some 3rd tier central places should be increased with the cities being upgraded to the 2nd tier so as to overcome that tier′s functional deficiency. The loose distribution in the 4th tier should also be changed. This apparent anomaly can be explained by the fact that the classic hexagon model used to describe the way market areas layout does not exist in the real world. However, this should not be viewed as an obstacle to using central place theory. If its assumptions are properly applied, it can still assist research into the spatial structure of regions.  相似文献   

Characterizing landscape spatial heterogeneity in multisensor images with variogram models     

Bingwen Qiu  Canying Zeng  Chongcheng Cheng  Zhenghong Tang  Jianyang Gao  Yinpo Sui 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(3):317-327

Most evaluation of the consistency of multisensor images have focused on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） products for natural landscapes, often neglecting less vegetated urban landscapes. This gap has been filled through quantifying and evaluating spatial heterogeneity of urban and natural landscapes from QuickBird, Satellite pour l＇observation de la Terre （SPOT）, Ad- vanced Spacebome Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer （ASTER） and Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） images with variogram analysis. Instead of a logarithmic relationship with pixel size observed in the corresponding aggregated images, the spatial variability decayed and the spatial structures decomposed more slowly and complexly with spatial resolution for real multisensor im- ages. As the spatial resolution increased, the proportion of spatial variability of the smaller spatial structure decreased quickly and only a larger spatial structure was observed at very coarse scales. Compared with visible band, greater spatial variability was observed in near infrared band for both densely and less densely vegetated landscapes. The influence of image size on spatial heterogeneity was highly dependent on whether the empirical sernivariogram reached its sill within the original image size. When the empirical semivariogram did not reach its sill at the original observation scale, spatial variability and mean characteristic length scale would increase with image size; otherwise they might decrease. This study could provide new insights into the knowledge of spatial heterogeneity in real multisen- sor images with consideration of their nominal spatial resolution, image size and spectral bands.  相似文献   

基于拓扑与形态特征的城市道路交通状态空间自相关分析     

刘康  段滢滢  陆锋 《地球信息科学学报》2014,(3):390-395

城市道路交通状态具有空间自相关特征。某一道路交通状态的变化会对其周边道路产生影响,故把握道路交通状态的空间自相关性是提高交通规划、交通预测水平的基础。然而,城市道路交通状态又具有空间异质性,即道路交通状态的影响扩散并非各向同性,其使得道路交通状态空间自相关性的度量更为复杂,因此仅从地理空间下道路之间的邻近关系出发进行分析有失偏颇。同时,城市道路具有拓扑结构特征和几何形态特征,二者对于交通状态自相关性的影响和制约,却未引起足够重视。本文从城市道路的拓扑结构特征和几何形态特征出发,提出了一种新的交通状态空间自相关路段识别规则,即基于交通状态变化的路段空间识别规则,通过拓扑社区发现方法刻画路段在空间上的聚集特征,同时,基于Stroke跟踪的几何形态概化来描述道路交通状态变化影响的空间异质性。结果表明,利用本文提出的识别规则产生的交通状态自相关路段集合,较仅考虑地理空间邻近或拓扑结构的识别规则更为合理,更好地揭示了城市道路交通状态的空间自相关特征。  相似文献   

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南京夏季城市热岛时空分布特征的观测分析   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

刘寿东  姜润  王成刚  王咏薇 《大气科学学报》2014,37(1):19-27

利用2010年南京夏季城市热岛三维观测试验资料,分析了南京夏季典型天气条件下城市热岛的时空分布特征。结果表明,南京夏季高温晴天日平均热岛强度达1℃以上,夜间热岛强度稳定且强于白天,热岛分布具有方向性特征并与城市土地利用现状对应较好。白天,城市大气混合层的发展速度和高度均大于郊区;夜间,由于城市大气层结的不稳定及下垫面的粗糙特性,致使城市低空始终存在着一个对流混合层,其高度至少有250 m。城市下垫面高热量储存和强湍流输送的共同作用形成边界层内热岛,热岛强度总体上随高度递减,影响高度在白天约900 m、夜间约300 m。  相似文献   

Governance strengths and weaknesses to implement the marine strategy framework directive in European waters     

《Marine Policy》2014

The ambitious Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) has been the focus of much marine research across Europe in the pursuit of achieving Good Environmental Status in the four European Union marine regions; Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North-east Atlantic. This research addresses the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) of the current European marine governance structures and its relationship to implement the MSFD. Results of the SWOT analysis were acquired through a combination of approaches with MSFD experts and stakeholders including: 30 face-to-face interviews, an online survey with 264 stakeholder respondents and focus groups within each European marine region. The SWOT analysis concurrently identifies common strengths and weakness and key governance issues for implementing the MSFD for European marine regions. This paper forms one assessment within the governance component of the Options for Delivering Ecosystem Based Marine Management (ODEMM) project and presents timely issues that can be of benefit to national and European Union policy makers.  相似文献   

Constraints and solutions for managing Pacific Island sea cucumber fisheries with an ecosystem approach     

《Marine Policy》2014

The ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) is a holistic paradigm that considers stocks of exploitable species, marine ecosystems and stakeholders. Management agencies must strike a balance between their capacity constraints and the requisites of management measures. Most small-scale sea cucumber fisheries of Pacific Islands have been plundered while others are being opened to commercial exploitation. Data from fishery managers and a regional workshop were used to assess the current problems, institutional constraints and solutions to the management of sea cucumber fisheries in 13 Pacific Island countries (PICs). Technical capacity was often strong for some management actions such as developing marine reserves but weak for others, such as enforcement. Using multi-disciplinary indicators, half of the fisheries were diagnosed by their managers as being overfished or depleted, despite evidence of optimistic bias. Fishery governance varied greatly among the PICs, and co-management frameworks were not typical of any cultural region. Management objectives were prioritised differently among managers but most highly ranked was to protect ecological resilience. The fishery managers proposed different sets of regulatory measures and various management actions, such as surveys to collect socio-economic and fishery-dependent data, support for local governance and strong enforcement – all widely under-practised. Pacific sea cucumber fisheries exemplify how the transition to an EAF by management institutions must involve reorganisation of their technical and human-resource capacities among management tasks. Levies on exports need to be internalised to fund improved management. Management agencies should consider a shift in resources from developing marine reserves, conducting underwater surveys and aquaculture-based restocking to strengthening enforcement capacity, stakeholder involvement and communication with fishers. In concert with these actions, short fishing seasons, shortlists of allowable species and tighter enforcement at export points may serve to turn the tide on boom-and-bust exploitation and safeguard biodiversity.  相似文献