鄂尔多斯地区退耕还林造林模式研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

赵雨兴  郝飞鹏  刘丽芳  何淑芳  邓铭  赵卫国 《中国沙漠》2002,22(5):499-505

通过对鄂尔多斯地区退耕还林造林模式的研究,在造林技术方面总结出先进适用又符合当地实际的造林模式。其中,①风沙区造林模式:旱柳、柠条防风固沙林,杨树、沙柳、柠条防风固沙林,柠条、紫穗槐防风固沙林;②丘陵沟壑区造林模式:油松+沙棘,沙棘+柠条,油松+山杏;③干旱硬梁区造林模式:柠条两行一带式植苗造林、旱柳、沙柳防风固沙林、榆树、柠条防风固沙林,取得了显著成效。造林实践表明,3a后保存率达100%,造林成活率大于70%的造林面积准格尔旗占84%、鄂托克旗占82%,生长状况优良。说明采用的造林模式是成功的,可以直接指导退耕还林等项目的建设和可供毗邻地区生产造林借鉴。  相似文献   

关于宁、蒙、陕农牧交错带重点地区退耕还林(草)工程实施情况与建议   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

杨根生  董光荣  曲耀光  张景光  伍光和 《中国沙漠》2002,22(5):416-427

阐述了农牧交错带生态环境退化和恶化的原因,除了气候条件等自然因素外,主要是由于人类过度开垦、放牧、采挖等一系列不合理经济活动破坏生态环境引起的。目前正在实施的退耕还林(草)工程正是针对这一地区生态退化和恶化而采取的加强生态保护和建设的重大举措。工程实施两年多以来,进展顺利,已取得了重要成就,局部地区生态有了明显改善。并且,根据该区自然特点,灾害状况,以及恢复这一地区生态屏障的作用,提出有关该区的经营方向,扩大退耕还林(草),退牧还草的一些建议。  相似文献   

黄河三角洲农作物种植分区的遥感研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

潘志强  刘高焕  周成虎 《地理研究》2003,22(6):799-806

本文选取了一年中三个不同时相的TM影像,分别求出了三幅影像的NDVI分布图,将其合成为一幅影像图。由于不同区域种植的作物在三个时相中的NDVI变化是不同的,因此在NDVI合成图上会呈现不同的颜色区域。通过对不同颜色区域进行采样分析,可以确定桃红色区域为冬小麦、玉米(大豆)轮作区,蓝紫色区域为棉花、春玉米、杂粮种植区,亮蓝区域为水稻种植区,亮绿色区域为林地、草地。最后,根据不同颜色区域的NDVI变化特征用非监督分类和监督分类相结合的方法对影像进行了分类提取。这样便可对黄河三角洲农作物的种植情况进行宏观的了解,为农作物种植合理布局及农业可持续发展提供依据。  相似文献   

直立植物防沙措施粗糙特征的模拟实验   总被引：51，自引：18，他引：33  

董治宝  高尚玉 《中国沙漠》2000,20(3):260-263

通过风洞模拟实验研究了直立植物防沙措施的粗糙特征及其影响因素。实验结果表明,在各种一定风速条件下,对数风速廓线中的粗糙度Ｚ０ＳＦ值随植物密度的增加呈幂函数增加,幂函数的指数〈１;而在各种一定植物密度条件下,Ｚ０随风速的增大而减溃,遵循单分子增长风线的指数函数。根据实验结果建立的包含风速和植物密度两个因子的Ｚ０的双因子综合模型对Ｚ０的预测值与实验值吻合得比较好。对数风速郭线中的Ｚ０是一个反映近地表气  相似文献   

延津沙地间套复种四熟栽培模式研究     

刘发民  肖生春 《中国沙漠》2000,20(Z2):179-182

根据小麦、西瓜、花生、玉米的不同生育特性,合理选用不同熟期的品种,安排空间和生育期调控,提出了小麦西瓜花生玉米四熟的间套复种栽培模式,并对模式的基本原理、主要栽培技术和经济效益加以分析和总结。  相似文献   

基于Google Earth Engine和NDVI时序差异指数的作物种植区提取   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜伊兰  陈保旺  黄玉芳  崔佳琪  郭宇龙 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(5):938-947

为提高农作物种植信息遥感监测的效率,扩展数据适用范围,本文提出了一种基于时间序列NDVI差异指数的作物种植区提取方法.随着海量遥感与云计算的发展,Google Earth Engine作为一个全球尺度地理空间分析云平台,弥补了单机计算耗时长的不足,为快速遥感分类带来了新机遇.基于Google Earth Engine平...  相似文献   

Benthic diatoms and sulfide fluctuations: Upper basin of Pettaquamscutt River,Rhode Island     

D.M. Kennett  P.E. Hargraves 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(4):577-586

The purpose of this study was to determine if seasonal anoxia affects the community composition and abundance of benthic diatoms in an estuarine basin. Subtidal benthic diatoms were collected monthly at 1-m water depth intervals from 2 to 7 m in an estuarine basin of Pettaquamscutt River, Rhode Island, during 1981. Water samples were collected at the same depths to measure temperature, salinity, oxygen and sulfide levels. The basin became stratified above 7 m in June and the interface between oxic and anoxic waters remained at 5 or 5·5 m until December when it rose to above 4 m. Motile, biraphid diatoms dominated on the muddy sediments and live cell counts of these were insignificant below 5·5 m. At shallower depths, abundance was seasonally bimodal. In the spring, a peak began in April at 3 m (later in the season with increasing depth) and a smaller fall peak began in October at 4 and 5 m (later at shallower depths). Highest standing crop in August was at 5·5 m when 1% PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) was at 4 m.The position of the interface between oxic and anoxic waters after stratification of the water column affected both abundance and species composition of benthic diatoms within 1·5 m above it. Navicula gregaria Donkin and N. ammophila Grunow dominated the spring and summer assemblages at all depths, but after September N. gregaria vanished from the basin below 3 m. In fall and winter, distinctly different populations were present at 4–5·5 m and at 2 m. The assemblage at 4 m and below consisted of sulfide-tolerant species of Navicula. Healthy populations of Navicula ammophila Grunow, N. pseudocrassirostris Hustedt, and N. peregrina (Ehrenberg) Kützing together reached 138 × 10³ cells cm^?2 at less than 1% light levels and up to 88 μM sulfide.  相似文献   

作物模型参数敏感性分析现状与展望     

王连喜  张阳  李琪  胡正华  任景全  卢媛媛  王田 《气象科技》2018,46(2):382-389

作物模型作为作物产量预测等方面应用广泛、作用巨大的重要工具,其参数的校正和优化等工作是模型模拟的前提。普通的试错法缺乏客观性且效率低下,对作物模型的输入参数进行敏感性分析,识别模拟过程中参数的敏感程度,能够有效识别关键参数并减少率定的参数量,为后续模型参数优化和校正工作奠定基础。本文主要分析了作物模型的局部敏感性分析方法和全局敏感性方法的利弊及其适应条件,涵盖傅立叶幅度灵敏度检验法(FAST)、Morris法、LH-OAT法、普适似然不确定性估计法(GLUE)、Sobol法以及扩展傅立叶幅度灵敏度检验法(EFAST)等,回顾各方法在作物模型中的研究现状,并对作物模型参数敏感性分析方法提出了展望。  相似文献   

Characteristics of nonpoint source pollution load from crop farming in the context of livelihood diversification     

Jing’an Shao  Zhilin Huang  Hua Deng 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(4):459-476

Based on objective data collected from interviews in typical villages of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the present study devised three livelihood scenarios related to rural transformation development: agriculturally dominant livelihood, multiple-type livelihood and non-agriculturally dominant livelihood. Moreover, the present study reports the trend characteristics of nonpoint source pollution load of crop farming in relation to the transformation of dominant livelihood types, and discussed the primary factors which affect livelihood type transformations. Results indicated the following: (1) The current farmland pattern shows a trend of diversification as self-cultivation, cropland transfer and fallow in the sample region. Dynamic characteristics of cultivated land present a special feature that is more “transfer-into” than “transfer-out”. Various scales of planting are represented among the various households, according to the following decreasing order: half-labor household > non-labor household > adequate labor household. (2) The highest pollution loading produced by crop farming occurs in half-labor households while the lowest occurs in non-labor households. With increasing labor, the pollution load per unit area tends to first increase and then decrease within families with enough labor. (3) As the type of livelihood transitions from agriculturally dominant to non-agriculturally dominant, the maximum reduction of total pollution loading produced by the agricultural industry can reach 72.01%. Compared to agriculturally dominant livelihoods, multiple-type livelihoods produce a pollution load reduction yield of 19.61%–29.85%, and non-agriculturally dominant livelihoods reduce the pollution load yield by 35.20%–72.01%. However, the rate of reduction of total nitrogen is not the same as total phosphorus. (4) The non-agricultural characteristics of labor allocation and income promote the transformation from dominant livelihood types to non-agricultural livelihoods, while potential revenue conversion follows a similar trend. In addition, different household types do not display identical conversion rates, according to the following decreasing order: enough labor household > half-labor household > non-labor household. (5) During rapid urbanization and the building of new industrial systems, the livelihood types of rural households have been further transformed to off-farm household types in the mountainous region; this process will lead to the further reduction of pollution load generated by planting and agriculture. Hence, significant decreases in the planting pollution load necessitate the development of control measures to enhance transformations from agricultural to off-farm livelihoods.  相似文献   

A STUDY ON FIELD WATER CIRCULATION PATTERN IN THE DRYLAND OF NORTHERN CHINA     

Zhong Zhaozhan Zhao Jubao Institute of Agrometeorology  Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing People''s Republic of China 《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(4)

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