利用泉水电导率频率分布辨别岩溶含水系统的水源组分   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郭芳  姜光辉  刘绍华  汤庆佳 《水科学进展》2018,29(2):245-251

岩溶含水系统中水源组分的识别能帮助认识系统的结构,解决岩溶水文及水化学研究的基础问题。以灵水岩溶大泉为例,分解了4个水文年的电导率频率分布隐藏的峰,并对其所代表的水源组分进行分析。发现灵水泉口的水源组分主要有4种:① 含水系统中岩溶裂隙或管道中释放的重力水,占53%~77%;② 源于泉口附近携带污染物质的水源,占3%~7%;③ 强降雨期间通过覆盖层分散入渗的水源,或先前存贮在管道或裂隙中流动性差的水被带出含水层,占13%~42%;④ 地面径流以及直接降落到湖面的雨水,占2%~3%。将灵水的电导率频率分布与峰丛洼地的两个典型岩溶水系统对比,分析了电导率的频率分布所蕴藏的含义。研究结果为西南3 620个岩溶水系统的进一步归类提供了参考。  相似文献   

Effects of nitrogen nutritional stress on the morphological and yield parameters of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)     

Gideon O. Okunlol  Olusanya A. Olatunji  Akinjide M. Afolabi  Kolade K. Gbadegesin 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(2):137-145

This investigation was carried out to better understand the effects of nitrogen stress on the growth and yield of tomato(Solanum lycopersicon L.). Seeds of S. lycopersicon(Ife No. 1 variety) were collected from the Osun–State Ministry of Agriculture, Oshogbo, Nigeria and planted in analyzed top soil. The plants were grown for a period of five weeks within which they were supplied with water and kept under optimum environmental conditions that enhanced normal growth. After this period, the plants were subjected to different levels of nitrogen stress which include: plants supplied with distilled water only(n), plants supplied with complete nutrient solution(N), plants supplied with nutrient solution in which nitrogen concentration sources was increased by a factor of 5(N5), and plants supplied with nutrient solution in which nitrogen concentration sources was increased by a factor of 10(N10). Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) results shows that there is no significant effect of stress on the growth and morphological parameters of tomato plants. However, there was a significant effect of nitrogen stress on the yield parameters. Nitrogen stress also caused an increase in the number and size of fruits produced in plants subjected with high nitrogen concentration.  相似文献   

Field survey and modelling of irrigation water quality indices in a Mediterranean island catchment: a comparison between spatial interpolation methods     

Nikolaos Malamos  Demetris Koutsoyiannis 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(10):1447-1467

ABSTRACT

A biannual survey of physico-chemical quality indices of 104 irrigation-water wells located in a cultivated plain of a Mediterranean island catchment was conducted using a multi-parameter probe. The campaign was planned so as to differentiate between the dry and wet seasons. The acquired data constituted the test bed for evaluating the results and the features of four spatial interpolation methods, i.e. ordinary kriging, universal kriging, inverse distance weighted and nearest neighbours, against those of the recently introduced bilinear surface smoothing (BSS). In several cases, BSS outperformed the other interpolation methods, especially during the two-fold cross-validation procedure. The study emphasizes the fact that both in situ measurements and good mathematical techniques for studying the spatial distribution of water quality indices are pivotal to agricultural practice management. In the specific case studied, the spatio-temporal variability of water quality parameters and the need for monitoring were evident, as low irrigation water quality was encountered throughout the study area.  相似文献   

基于银杏类化石Baiera furcata气孔参数定量 重建中生代古大气CO2浓度变化     

王秋军  徐小慧  金培红  李瑞云  李小强  孙柏年 《地质论评》2013,59(6):1035-1045

大气CO2与地球温室气候变化有密切的关系,化石植物气孔参数已被证明是一种较精确重建古大气CO2的生物指标。从甘肃下侏罗统大西沟组、中侏罗统窑街组和内蒙古霍林河下白垩统霍林河组采集了角质层保存完好的B. furcata,对其表皮构造进行了细致分析,详细统计了该种下表皮的气孔参数。应用B. furcata与它最近现存亲缘种Ginkgo biloba的气孔比率,定量重建了早侏罗世Toarcian、中侏罗世Aalenian和Bajocian以及早白垩世Hauterivian的古大气CO2浓度,它们分别是(1263±71)×10﹣6、(1388±24)×10﹣6、(1599±31)×10-6和(1899±198)×10﹣6,结果与Berner全球碳平衡模型GEOCARB I—Ⅲ中CO2浓度变化曲线吻合,证明B. furcata是恢复古大气CO2浓度的良好生物指标。结合我们以前利用陆生植物恢复中生代古大气CO2浓度的结果,发现恢复的中生代大气CO2值均在GEOCARB I—Ⅲ模型中的低值区内,据此推测中生代陆相环境大气CO2要低于海相环境的值。此外,在各地的B. furcata下表皮中均发现了气孔簇,认为这是B. furcata对环境适应的结果。  相似文献   

Root distribution of three co-occurring desert shrubs and their physiological response to precipitation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GuiQing Xu  Yan Li 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(2):0120-0127

Root distribution of three desert shrubs,Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.,Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.) Bunge and Reaumuria soongorica(Pall.) Maxim.was investigated under co-occurring conditions using a method for excavating the whole root system.Assimilation shoot water potential and transpiration rates were monitored during the wet-dry cycle.Leaf-specific apparent hydraulic conductance and the index of water stress impact for the three species were calculated from shoot water potential and transpiration rate.The results showed that,along the soil profile,the root system of T.ramosissima mainly distributed at 50 to 310 cm interval,with an average total absorbing root-surface area of 30,249.2 cm2 per plant;the root system of H.ammodendraom distributed at 0 to 250 cm interval with an average total absorbing root-surface area of 12,847.3 cm2 per plant;the root system of R.soongorica distributed at 0-80 cm interval,with an average total absorbing root-surface area of 361.8 cm2.The root distribution shows the following:T.ramosissima uses groundwater as its main water source;H.ammodendraom uses both groundwater and rainwater;and R.soongorica uses rainwater only.During the wet-dry cycle,the hydraulic parameters of T.ramosissima showed no responses to precipitation.R.soongorica responded most significantly,and the responses of H.ammodendraom were intermediate.In conclusion,the plant response to rain events is closely related to their root distribution and plant water-use strategy.  相似文献   

盐水处理对沙拐枣气体交换特征、光合色素和可溶性糖含量的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

王伟华  张希明  闫海龙  梁少民  马建兵  杨小林 《干旱区地理》2009,32(4)

通过对室外不同浓度盐水(0、4、12、20、28 g/L粗盐)灌溉的桶栽沙拐枣(Calligonum spp.)气体交换参数、光合色素和可溶性糖含量随时间变化情况的分析结果表明:随着盐处理时间的延续,(1)低盐(4～12 g/L)处理条件下沙拐枣光合作用先逐渐增强,后又因非气孔因素限制而下降;高盐(20～28 g/L)处理条件下植株前期受气孔因素限制,后期受非气孔因素限制,光合作用严重下降.(2)不同盐处理条件下沙拐枣叶绿素a(chla)、叶绿素b(chlb)、总叶绿素(chl)含量均下降,类胡萝卜素(car)、chla/b、car/chl先增加后下降,但低盐处理较高盐处理变化小.(3)低盐处理对沙拐枣可溶性糖含量变化不大,而高盐处理下其极显著增加.因此,短期低盐处理促进沙拐枣光合作用,但长期盐处理亦使植物光合作用下降;高盐处理抑制沙拐枣生长,长期处理将导致植物死亡.  相似文献   

Evapotranspiration and canopy characteristics of two lodgepole pine stands following mountain pine beetle attack   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Mathew G. Brown  T. Andrew Black  Zoran Nesic  Vanessa N. Foord  David L. Spittlehouse  Arthur L. Fredeen  Rebecca Bowler  Nicholas J. Grant  Philip J. Burton  J. A. Trofymow  Dominic Lessard  Gesa Meyer 《水文研究》2014,28(8):3326-3340

Over the past decade, British Columbia (BC), has experienced the largest mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreak on record. This study used the eddy‐covariance (EC) technique to examine the impact of the MPB attack on evapotranspiration (E) and associated canopy characteristics of two lodgepole pine stands with secondary structure (trees, saplings and seedlings surviving the attack) located in central BC. MPB‐06, an 85‐year‐old almost pure stand of pine trees, was first attacked in 2006, and by 2010, ~80% of the trees had been killed. MPB‐03, a 110‐year‐old stand with an overstory consisting of over 90% pine and a developed sub‐canopy, was first attacked in 2003 and by 2007 had > 95% pine canopy mortality. EC measurements began in August 2006 at MPB‐06 and in March 2007 at MPB‐03, and continued for four years. Annual total E ranged from 226 mm to 237 mm at MPB‐06, and from 280 to 297 mm at MPB‐03, showing relatively little year‐to‐year change at both sites over the four years. Increased E from the accelerated growth of the surviving vegetation (secondary structure, shrubs and herbs) compensated for reduction in E due to the death of the overstory. Monthly average daytime canopy conductance, the Priestley–Taylor (α), and the canopy–atmosphere decoupling coefficient (Ω) steadily increased during the growing season reaching approximate maximum values of 5 mm s^?1, 0.75 and 0.12, respectively. Potential evapotranspiration was approximated using a vapour pressure deficit‐dependent α obtained at high soil water content. Calculated water deficits indicated some water‐supply limitation to the surviving trees and understory at both sites. Rates of root zone drainage during the growing season were low relative to precipitation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

高山植物稳定碳同位素沿海拔梯度响应机制的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘小宁  马剑英  孙伟  崔永琴  段争虎 《山地学报》2010,28(1)

简要介绍了国内外关于植物δ~(13)C对海拔梯度响应规律的研究情况,叙述了植物叶片δ~(13)C对海拔梯度响应的内在机理.重点介绍了随海拔变化的气压、温度、降水(湿度)、光照等环境因子和植物的叶片厚度、比叶重(LMA)、氮含量、气孔密度、气孔导度等生物因子对高山植物δ~(13)C的影响作用.由于各因子的多变性以及之间的相互作用,任何单一因子都不足以决定植物δ~(13)C的最终变化,也不能解释植物δ~(13)C随海拔的变化趋势,这种趋势可能是众多因子综合作用的结果.最后对本领域取得的一些认识和结论进行了总结,并对存在的一些问题以及今后的研究方向提出了一些见解.  相似文献   

MAPGIS在内蒙古1: 50万数字地质图中的应用     

孙政平  张梅 《内蒙古地质》1999,(3)

ＭＡＰＧＩＳ是具有国际先进水平的完整地理信息系统。利用这套系统完成的内蒙古１∶５０ 万数字地质图是新一代的地质图件,具有传统地质图件无法比拟的先进功能。它可随时进行地质、地理内容的更新与修改;可按用户要求做图面分幅与投影转换;可进行各种地质、地理信息的分层检索与输出;对图中重要的地质内容,如地层、岩体、区域性大断裂、同位素年龄等建立了数据库,使其具有可视化功能;可与其他计算机图件进行迭置分析  相似文献   

Variation in canopy conductance of Cunninghamia lanceolata forest and its response to environmental factors after an extreme rainfall event     

Wanqiu Xing  You Cheng  Lilin Yang  Weiguang Wang 《水文研究》2024,38(3):e15121

Canopy conductance (g_c) is a crucial parameter in simulating evapotranspiration and modulating water exchange, but its variation mechanism has regional uncertainties and complex environmental co-controls. In addition, the effect of extreme rainfall on g_c cannot be ignored under the changing climate. Here, we investigated the variation and environmental controls on g_c and the effect of extreme rainfall events in a Cunninghamia lanceolata forest across the subtropical area of Southern China. In July 2020, an extreme rainstorm hit the source area of the Xin'an River, with the cumulative rainfall on July 7 and 8 reaching 216.6 mm. The thermal diffusion probe method was used to measure the density of sap flow, and the environmental factors such as air temperature (T_a), net solar radiation (R_n) and soil water content (SWC) were monitored during the growing seasons of 2020 and 2021. Ultimately, g_c obtained by the Penman-Monteith equation was adopted since the result from the Köstner equation was overestimated. g_c showed a unimodal curve on the diurnal scale, and this characteristic was more obvious after the extreme rainfall. Daily g_c appeared a fluctuating pattern with a maximum in summer. g_c was simultaneously affected by T_a, R_n, water vapour pressure difference (VPD), SWC, among which T_a was the most significant driving factor at both the diurnal and daily timescales. The regulation of T_a, VPD and SWC on g_c had obvious thresholds, and the most definite response mode was VPD (2020: 1.25 kPa; 2021: 0.95 kPa). SWC and T_a were the dominant factors after the rainfall period, and the promotion effect of VPD on post-rainy days turned to inhibition effect on typical sunny days. These findings will further reveal the water exchange mechanism between atmosphere and vegetation and impacts of environmental factors in subtropical coniferous forests, especially after the extreme rainfall events.  相似文献