A graph-based approach for the structural analysis of road and building layouts     

Mathieu Domingo  Christophe Claramunt 《地球空间信息科学学报》2019,22(1):59-72

A better understanding of the relationship between the structure and functions of urban and suburban spaces is one of the avenues of research still open for geographical information science. The research presented in this paper develops several graph-based metrics whose objective is to characterize some local and global structural properties that reflect the way the overall building layout can be cross-related to the one of the road layout. Such structural properties are modeled as an aggregation of parcels, buildings, and road networks. We introduce several computational measures (Ratio Minimum Distance, Minimum Ratio Minimum Distance, and Metric Compactness) that respectively evaluate the capability for a given road to be connected with the whole road network. These measures reveal emerging sub-network structures and point out differences between less-connective and more-connective parts of the network. Based on these local and global properties derived from the topological and graph-based representation, and on building density metrics, this paper proposes an analysis of road and building layouts at different levels of granularity. The metrics developed are applied to a case study in which the derived properties reveal coherent as well as incoherent neighborhoods that illustrate the potential of the approach and the way buildings and roads can be relatively connected in a given urban environment. Overall, and by integrating the parcels and buildings layouts, this approach complements other previous and related works that mainly retain the configurational structure of the urban network as well as morphological studies whose focus is generally limited to the analysis of the building layout.  相似文献   

石家庄市远郊村COVID-19传播网络解构及其流行病学解释     

杜欣儒  路紫  田庆宝  闫宇航 《地理研究》2022,41(10):2777-2792

2021年1月石家庄市远郊村疫情是中国首次爆发于农村地区的COVID-19公共卫生紧急事件。依据941例确诊病例确诊前14 d个体移动轨迹,以传播网络结构性分析和流行病传播动力学分析为手段,对比大城市城区,拟从疫点形成、输出形式、热区扩缩三方面解构农村地区COVID-19传播网络。结论如下：(1)疫点数量和类型较多。快速城市化背景下与中心城市同时并发形成新疫点;社区活跃度较高导致共同暴露疫点形成;短距离“钟摆移动”加大了个体移动轨迹交叉密度,进而增加了临时暴露疫点形成的风险。(2)具有显著的个体-个体接触传染特性以及上下游输出关系链特性,家族聚集性以及家族高代次输出是二次输出现象产生的主要原因。(3)有症状确诊病例延迟决策就医致使其隐匿时间较长相对危险度较高,导致网络热区范围和扩缩时间跨度增加。基此,本文提出机场邻近区域防控扩展、潜在疫点溢出人员延长管理、风险缓冲隔离区合理划设3点建议。散发公共卫生紧急事件传播网络研究是一种有益探索,将为提高农村地区公共卫生网络韧性提供依据。  相似文献   

家庭企划情境下郊区居民一周活动时空特征分析——以北京上地-清河为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李彦熙  柴彦威  张艳 《地理科学进展》2021,40(4):597-606

家庭企划是个体日常生活的重要情境,其实现依赖于家庭成员的分工和组合,同时受到时空制约与时空资源的影响.以往日常活动与交通出行研究多以家庭属性作为个体行为背景,基于个体的时间利用与活动参与进行性别差异研究,对家庭成员联合行为与分工的研究相对不足.论文借助时间地理学中企划情境的概念,从家庭企划的视角对北京上地-清河地区3个...  相似文献   

城郊型流域治理优化模式设计研究——以兰州市南郊西果园流域为例     

陈建荣 《冰川冻土》2009,31(2)

以兰州市边缘的城郊型小流域为研究对象,使用多目标决策方法,进行城郊型流域治理优化模式设计研究.结果表明:小流域优化结构模式使经济林果业得到发展,提高了草地的产量,为工业用地的发展预留了空间.水土保持方面,综合保水率、保土牢达到80%以上,年径流模数和土壤侵蚀模数显著降低,减少侵蚀量15.73×104t,减少径流255×104m3.优化结构模式实施后,经济、生态和社会效益明显,使小流域年人均农业收入可由原来的1 303元增至2 646元;减轻了市区的洪灾威胁,有效地控制了泥沙下泄进入市区,起到净化市区空气、水源污染;增强了人们的水土保持生态环境建设意识,激发了群众城郊型小流域水土保持建设的积极性.  相似文献   

中国城市周边乡村旅游地空间结构   总被引：97，自引：4，他引：93  

吴必虎  黄琢玮  马小萌 《地理科学》2004,24(6):757-763

根据2001年中国69个不同规模城市周边100个乡村旅游地的相关信息,对乡村旅游地与其一级客源地城市间的距离进行了测定、统计和处理,发现在一定的假设条件下,中国乡村旅游地在大、中城市周围的分布总体上呈距离衰减趋势(除了在开始的30 km内),即与城市的距离越远,乡村旅游地分布越少,84%的旅游地集中在距其一级客源地城市中心100 km以内的地区;乡村旅游地在城市周边的分布主要有两个密集带,最密集地带出现在距城市20 km左右的地区,次密集带出现在距城市70 km左右的地区;在两个密集带之间距中心城市50km左右,出现一个明显的乡村旅游地低谷带,推论原因是那里出现了次级和/或同级中心地的干扰.  相似文献   

郑州城市空间扩展及其对城郊经济的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

赵淑玲 《地域研究与开发》2004,23(3):49-52,57

城市的形成和发展是一个时空过程,具有继承性,城市的空间扩展是该过程中的必经阶段。文章以郑州市为例,在分析了城市空间扩展的历史过程和动力机制的基础上,论述了城市空间扩展对郊区经济的影响,对人们正确认识城市空间演化规律、合理处理城市与郊区的关系具有重要意义。  相似文献   

‘Tropical’ cosmopolitanism? The untoward legacy of the American style in postindependence Ceylon/Sri Lanka     

Anoma Pieris 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2011,32(3):332-349

Using Homi Bhabha's discussion of vernacular cosmopolitanism as a starting point this paper attempts to reinterpret its thesis through an architectural reading of postindependence social transformations in Ceylon that coincided with the emergence of a new middle class. Inspired by American examples, suburban domestic architecture that was modest and repetitive and employed systematized construction methods made a break from a long history of labour intensive processes. This created channels through which American influences entered the local industry and were disseminated within it as an alternative ‘tropical’ modernism. This paper studies the location and marginalization of these influences within architectural discourse.  相似文献   

HALF A CENTURY OF CROPLAND CHANGE*     

JOHN FRASER HART 《Geographical review》2001,91(3):525-543

ABSTRACT. The census concept of total cropland is a better measure of effective agricultural land than is total farmland, which includes extensive areas of woodland owned by farmers. The cropland area of the United States dropped from 478 million acres in 1949 to 431 million acres in 1997, for a net loss of less than 1 million acres, or roughly one‐fifth of 1 percent, per year. In the midwestern agricultural heartland most counties changed less than 5 percent in the half‐century, and more counties gained than lost. The West was a crazy quilt of change, and in the East most counties lost more than 10 percent. Major metropolitan counties lost a few percentage points more than did adjacent areas, but at a lower rate per capita than the nation as a whole. Most of the loss of cropland was in marginal agricultural counties with soils of low inherent fertility and topography unsuited to modern farm machinery. The loss of cropland to suburban encroachment may be cause for intense local concern, but attempts to thwart development cannot be justified on grounds of a net national loss of good cropland.  相似文献   

Social Consequences of Gated Communities: The Case of Suburban Warsaw     

Dorota Mantey 《The Professional geographer》2017,69(1):151-161

This article aims to determine how three factors—the fence, the internal public space, and the type of building—affect the sense of community, as well as the perception of social divisions that gated communities generate and the need for integration between people living in and outside gated communities. Its results are based on the survey conducted in two villages, Józefos?aw and Julianów, located in the Warsaw metropolitan region. It has been found that the existence of a physical barrier in the form of a fence affects the perception of human relationships. Research has confirmed the negative impact of fencing off on social bonds, the sense of community, and attachment to the area beyond the housing estate. The study of Józefos?aw and Julianów, however, has proved that for the residents of suburban gated communities the key factor that can increase their sense of community is access to an internal public space. The sense of community and the attachment to the area of residence are also dependent on the type of building. Inhabitants of suburban gated communities dominated by multifamily housing are definitely characterized by a weaker attachment.  相似文献   

Co‐inhabiting public spaces: diversity and playful encounters in Darwin,Australia          下载免费PDF全文

Michele Lobo 《Geographical review》2016,106(2):163-173

When fear and anxiety circulate in public spaces of diverse western cities, heightened surveillance can provide a sense of safety and comfort. These measures of surveillance that target bodies that are ‘out of place’, however, are limited in animating public spaces. This paper focuses on Darwin, a small but rapidly growing north Australian city where the visibility of Aboriginal people from Greater Darwin/regional communities and migrant newcomers from countries in Africa, South Asia and the Middle East often circulates fear and anxiety and deadens public spaces. I argue that playful events or spontaneous multisensory encounters of humans, non‐humans and material things, however, have the potential to animate these public spaces. The paper focuses on these events in a Drop‐in open‐air café‐community garden‐Op shop in a culturally diverse northern suburb of Darwin. It suggests that the vibrancy of matter and the vitality of non‐human forms of life can inform how we co‐inhabit cities of difference and unsettle policies of social cohesion that focus on integration into a dominant white majority culture.  相似文献