A Review of “Geographical Perspectives on Sustainable Rural Change”     

Ryan Bergstrom 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):313-315

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基于PSR模型的区域生态持续性评价概念框架   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13  

彭建  吴健生  潘雅婧  韩忆楠 《地理科学进展》2012,31(7):933-940

区域可持续发展是可持续发展的重要基础, 生态持续性则是实现区域可持续发展的重要前提与基本途径, 但目前仍缺乏普遍认可的生态持续性目标分解方案;而在人类活动对自然生态影响日益显著且不断增大的背景下, 生态系统健康、风险、安全与可持续性评价已成为当前宏观生态学的研究热点, 虽然在各类评价之间普遍存在概念混淆、指标体系雷同等问题。本研究在系统梳理生态持续性相关概念逻辑关联的基础上, 将区域视为人类自然-经济复合生态系统, 强调人类活动的主导性, 基于“压力-状态-响应(PSR)”模型, 从生态胁迫、生态系统健康和生态可持续能力3 方面构建了一个具有鲜明生态意义的区域生态持续性评价概念模型, 并对评价模型、评价指标筛选及其阈值与权重展开了深入探讨。研究认为:系统工程的综合评价法是区域生态持续性评价的基本方法;不存在绝对的评价标准, 区域生态持续性评价的终极目标, 不在于静态的评价某时某地人类-自然复合生态系统可持续与否, 而在于定量表征时空尺度上系统可持续性的动态变化与空间分异。  相似文献   

The sustainability of drinking water supply in rural China: Does the provision of drinking water investment mismatch the demand of residents?     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

It is doubted that the top down nature of investment planning may lead to mismatches between drinking water investment and the demands of local residents in rural China. Statistical and econometric analysis based on data of 2020 rural households from five Chinese provinces from 1998 to 2011 are used to illustrate the linkage between demand for drinking water investment and construction of drinking water projects. Household's demand significantly affects drinking water projects implemented by upper level governments and implemented jointly, but is not significant in explaining the projects implemented by village. There is evidence to suggest that the demands of local leaders override those of households in the implementation of drinking water projects provided by village in the early stage of 2005–2008. The situation improves in the latter stage of 2008–2011when the village level participatory bodies begin to provide opportunities for households to voice their preferences on public goods investment. The results of this study imply that it is important to explore appropriate regulations and policies that enabling local cadres to better meet local demands of their communities to ensure the sustainability of rural drinking water supply.  相似文献   

Climate change policy and practice in regional New Zealand: How are actors negotiating science and policy?     

Alison Greenaway  Fiona Carswell 《New Zealand geographer》2009,65(2):107-117

Regional governance to address climate change is being constituted in New Zealand through domestic policy measures and international discourses. We examine climate change responses in two regions: Marlborough and Waikato. Informants expressed a desire for more transparent government policy; that planning for climate change makes good business sense for farmers and other businesses; that technology is sought to increase productivity and decrease environmental impact; and research networks build capacity for local action, linking sectors and organisations. Often conflicting, these responses to climate change were informed by a mix of discourses shaping New Zealand, including participatory democracy, the knowledge economy and sustainable development.  相似文献   

人地系统可持续过程、格局的前沿探索   总被引：14，自引：7，他引：7  

樊杰 《地理学报》2014,69(8):1060-1068

本文结合笔者近年来在人文地理学前沿问题探讨的综述,阐释了人—地系统相互作用时空分异规律是现代地理学最高层级的科学难题、也是决定未来地理学前途的关键问题的认识,提出了截至目前开展人地系统综合研究所采用的“过程归纳、区域比较、定性分析、逻辑判断”等4个实用方法,并围绕着区域均衡、资源环境承载能力、地域功能、空间结构等4个前沿领域,讨论了影响区域发展格局变化的驱动力、自然圈对人类活动圈层的作用、综合地理区划原理和方法、以及“生活—生产—生态”空间结构变化规律等研究的学术思想,探讨了“未来地球”框架下区域可持续发展研究的意义和重要命题,认为“自然科学和社会科学交叉”、“基础研究和决策应用贯通”的复杂性科学基础理论体系和综合研究集成方法体系建设,将深刻影响着人地系统过程和格局的研究进展。  相似文献   

Groundwater Sustainability in Arid and Semi-arid Environments: A Review2     

Sijia Wang  Hu Liu  Wenzhi Zhao  Zhongkai Li 《地球科学进展》2019,34(2):210-223

Groundwater is an important part of the global hydrological cycle. Sustainable utilization of groundwater is related to regional ecological security and food security, especially in arid and semi-arid environments. This paper reviewed the important achievements of the research on groundwater sustainability in arid and semi-arid environments during the past 30 years, and summarized the research progress in groundwater sustainability of arid and semi-arid environments from the conception evolution of groundwater sustainability, evaluation methods, influencing factors, sustainable management, and research frontiers. Our analysis suggests that groundwater in water limited environments around the world has shown unsustainable characteristics both in terms of quantity and quality. However, the existing research focuses more on the quantitative characteristics than the quality characteristics of groundwater, and thus the seriousness of the decline in groundwater sustainability is potentially underestimated. It is pointed out that more research efforts need to be done in the future in balancing the groundwater resources for human and nature, clarifying the impacts of human disturbance and climate change on groundwater sustainability, and strengthening groundwater sustainability through transboundary watershed management. We argued that the difficulty remains how to quantify the sustainable yield of a groundwater basin, and how to assess the groundwater sustainability. Further investigations are required in improving the theoretical framework of groundwater sustainability, modeling the impacts of the various alternative groundwater development scenarios, developing more flexible and efficient indicator frameworks for sustainability evaluation of groundwater system, and deploying more sophisticated groundwater monitoring network for real-time data acquisition. Finally, awareness should also be raised towards ground water sustainability both at the legal level and in the sphere of political action.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖水质污染对湿地生态系统生态功能的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

林波  刘燕芳  夏雨  余莹 《地质灾害与环境保护》2004,15(3):21-25

湿她内部生物、物理、化学组份之间的相互作用过程,推动湿地的形成和发育,是其生态结构和生态功能的物质基础。水是鄱阳湖湖泊及其湿地的主体要素之一,各种形式的水是参与湿地生态过程的主体成分．贯穿融于生态形成和系统运作的生物、物理、化学过程的每一个环节,湖泊水质的变化直接影响着湿地的生态过程,影响水域生态系统、湖滩草洲生态系统、农牧与生态系统食物链和食物网的质量．所以水质变化及污染是湿地生态功能衰退研究的核心内容之一。  相似文献   

Climate change and groundwater resources in Thailand          下载免费PDF全文

SRISUK Kriengsak  NETTASANA Tussanee 《地下水科学与工程》2017,5(1):67-75

The average temperature of Thailand is projected to increase by 2-3 °C, and the annual rainfall is projected to increase by 25% and up to 50% in certain areas. The climate change in future is expected to provide changes in hydrological cycle and therefore impacts the groundwater resources too. In this study, we analyzed the general climate change trends and reviewed the groundwater conditions of Thailand. The climate changes, hydrologic variability and the impact of climate change on groundwater sustainability are also discussed based on a national groundwater monitoring program. Currently, there are 864 groundwater monitoring stations and 1 524 monitoring wells installed in Thailand. Moreover, the impact of climate change on groundwater-dependent systems and sectors is also discussed according to certain case studies, such as saline water intrusion in coastal and inland areas. Managing aquifer recharge and other projects are examples of groundwater adaptation project for the future.  相似文献   

Using fuzzy operators to address the complexity in decision making of water resources redistribution in two neighboring river basins     

Ho-Wen Chen  Ni-Bin Chang 《Advances in water resources》2010

This paper emphasizes the use of fuzzy sets for incorporating objective and subjective uncertainties to address coevolutionary alignment of a suite of water resources redistribution alternatives in a transboundary channel–reservoir system. The highlighted decision making complexity arises from the interactions between two neighboring water systems (i.e., the Tseng-Wen and Kao-Ping River Basins, South Taiwan) where a pending diversion plan has been under intensive debate for over a decade. While the local stakeholders make uncertain science linked with uncertain politics resulting in endless delay of the diversion plan, the environmental advocacy groups stress the increasing concern of loss of biological integrity due to changes of land use when sharing water resources across the boundary. Consequently, there is a need to generate a novel integration that enables us to consider a vast number of internal weirs, water intakes, reservoirs, drainage ditches, and transfer pipelines within the basin and bring out the connectivity via diversion between these two neighboring river basins under uncertainty. To explore the managerial implications with varying risk perception and risk attitude, four types of fuzzy operators tailored for the fuzzy multi-objective decision analysis depict greater flexibility in representing the complexity of possible trade-offs among those alternatives. These trade-offs in the multi-objective evaluation context are constrained by physical, chemical, socioeconomic, managerial, and technical factors reflecting the needs for adaptive water resources management. Findings indicates that the use of fuzzy operators is instructive, which could provide unique guidance for enlightening the potential barriers in sustainable water resources management at the regional scale.  相似文献   

城市绿色空间研究内容与展望   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

杨振山  张慧  丁悦  孙艺芸 《地理科学进展》2015,34(1):18-29

伴随社会经济快速发展,城市绿色空间对生态环境和宜居生活的作用逐渐受到关注。同时,随着城市建成区面积的不断扩大,城市绿色空间成为一种稀缺资源。不断减少的城市绿色空间,与城市人口的增加,以及其休闲健康功能需求的增长间形成了一种空间错位。如何合理规划绿色空间,发挥绿色空间的效用和功能,已成为城市地理学和城市规划实践中重要的研究内容。本文系统论述和梳理了城市绿色空间概念提出的背景和发展历程,并在此基础上综合分析不同学科对城市绿色空间的理解及研究成果,提出目前城市绿色空间的相关研究内容和进展;并对其研究趋势进行了分析,从城市规划建设、城市可持续发展、研究方法创新等方面提出了推动城市绿色空间相关研究的建议。  相似文献