发展地理学研究进展与展望   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

邓祥征  金贵  何书金  王成新  李兆华  王占岐  宋马林  杨庆媛  张安录  陈建成 《地理学报》2020,75(2):226-239

本文回顾和总结了20世纪以来发展地理学的研究进展,涉及发展地理学内涵和理论、领域和方法及其发展趋势。系统梳理了发展地理学在欠发达国家或地区发展收敛、发达地区或国家生活品质提升过程中的收敛及其路径等研究内容。通过分析国外研究进展,指出了发展地理学在中国的发展条件与学科优势,并着眼于国际学术前沿最新动向与国家宏观战略需求,提出了今后中国发展地理学研究需重点关注的领域。未来发展地理学研究应以可持续发展理论为指引,以提升欠发达地区可持续生计能力与区域绿色发展水平为核心,以构建发展地理学理论和跨学科综合集成研究体系为目标,聚焦区域发展的空间格局、扩散特征与收敛研究,探索出服务于区域经济建设与产业发展的调控政策与科学路径。  相似文献   

社会-生态系统适应性治理研究进展与展望   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

宋爽  王帅  傅伯杰  陈海滨  刘焱序  赵文武 《地理学报》2019,74(11):2401-2410

社会—生态系统（SES）由社会子系统、生态子系统及两者的交互作用构成,具有不同于社会系统或生态系统单独具有的结构、功能和复杂特征。社会—生态系统适应性治理旨在通过适应性的社会权利分配与行为决策机制,使社会—生态系统能够在动态条件下可持续地保障人类福祉。适应性治理理论的形成受到“公共池塘资源管理”“韧性”和“治理”3方面理论的影响,并为“转型治理”与“协作治理”提供了建构基础。该理论具有以下3个主要目的：① 理解和应对社会—生态系统多稳态、非线性、不确定性、整体性以及复杂性;② 建立非对抗性的社会结构、权利分配制度以及行为决策体系,匹配社会子系统与自然子系统;③ 通过综合方法管理生态系统,使其可持续提供生态系统服务。因此,面对人类行为主导地表过程的“人类世”,实现适应性治理有助于应对社会—生态系统的复杂性与不确定性。鉴于中国的生态环境正处于迅速变化时期,且中国与世界各国间的相互影响日益复杂,未来研究可重点关注以下3个方面：① 理解耦合系统的多元互动过程,增强适应能力;② 强调社会—生态系统的整体性研究;③ 提高环境变化背景下理解和预测系统动态的能力。  相似文献   

吉林省玉米产业发展可持续能力评价研究     

龙振永  汤洁  曹孟 《地理科学》2007,27(2):167-172

基于地理信息系统(GIS)及空间分析模型,从玉米生产与加工两个方面构建玉米产业可持续能力评价(sustainabliality Assessment SA)指标体系,对吉林省玉米产业发展可持续能力进行评价,并对吉林省玉米产业布局现状和规划的合理性进行分析。结果表明:长春市辖区由于地理条件优越、交通便捷以及丰富的玉米资源,是玉米产业发展的最优区域。吉林市辖区、四平市辖区、公主岭市、梨树县、农安县、扶余县地理条件相对优越、交通便捷以及丰富的玉米资源,是玉米产业发展的良好区域。松原市辖区、前郭县、德惠市、榆树市、辽源市辖区、东丰县是玉米产业发展的一般区域。大安市、乾安县、长岭县、舒兰市、永吉县、双辽市发展玉米产业条件相对较差。  相似文献   

Method for evaluating the degrees of land use sustainability of mountainous county and its application in Yunnan Province,China   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Zisheng Yang  Yansui Liu  Wenxing Tao  Jingjing Xu  Qiaogui Zhao 《山地科学学报》2008,5(2):98-112

The evaluation of sustainable land use is the key issue in the field of studying the sustainable land utilization. In general analysis, the sustainable land use is evaluated respectively from its ecological sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability in China and other countries in recent years. Although this evaluation is an important work, it seems insufficient and hard to comprehensively reflect the whole degree of land use sustainability. Thus, to make up this deficiency, this paper brings forward the evaluation indexes, which make it possible to quantitatively reflect the whole degree of land use sustainability, namely, the concept of ＂degrees of overall land use sustainability＂ （Dos）, and research and measurement development of the method of and calculation in Dos. Taking the evaluation of the degree of land use sustainability in county regions of Yunnan Province as the actual example for analysis, results are basically as follows：
1） The degree of land use sustainability （Dos） is the ration index to organically and systematically integrate the degree of ecological friendliness （DeF）, the degree of economic viability （Dev） and the degree of social acceptability （Dsa）, able to comprehensively reflect the whole sustainability degree of regional land use
2） Based on the value of Dos, the grading system and standard for the sustainability of land use may be established and totally divided into five grades, namely, the high-degree sustainability, middle-degree sustainability, low-degree sustainability, conditional sustainability and non-sustainability. Meanwhile, the standard for distinguishing sustainability grades has also been confirmed so as to determine the nature of sustainability degrees in different grades. This makes the possibility for the combination of nature determination with ration in research result and provides with the scientific guideline and decision-making gist for better implementation of sustainable land use strategy.
3） The pract  相似文献   

过度捕捞造成全球海洋渔业的产量损失评估     

丁琪  陈新军  陈勇  田思泉 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(12):37-44

Many fish stocks in the world are depleted as a result of overexploitation, which reduces stock productivity and results in loss of potential yields. In this study we analyzed the catch trends and approximate thresholds of sustainable fishing for fished stocks to estimate the potential loss of catch and revenue of global fisheries as a result of overexploitation during the period of 1950–2010 in 14 FAO fishing areas. About 35% of stocks in the global marine ocean have or had suffered from overexploitation at present. The global catch losses amounted to 332.8 million tonnes over 1950–2010, resulting in a direct economic loss of US$298.9 billion(constant 2005 US$).Unsustainable fishing caused substantial potential losses worldwide, especially in the northern hemisphere.Estimated potential losses due to overfishing for different groups of resources showed that the low-value but abundant small-medium pelagics made the largest contribution to the global catch loss, with a weight of 265.0 million tonnes. The geographic expansion of overfishing not only showed serial depletion of world's fishery resources, but also reflected how recent trends towards sustainability can stabilize or reverse catch losses.Reduction of global fishing capacity and changes in fishery management systems are necessary if the long-term sustainability of marine fisheries in the world is to be achieved.  相似文献   

A global perspective on changing sustainable urban water supplies   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

G. Darrel Jenerette  Larissa Larsen 《Global and Planetary Change》2006,50(3-4):202-211

  相似文献   

Could fiscal policies induce green innovation in developing countries? The case of Brazilian manufacturing sectors     

Camila Gramkow  Annela Anger-Kraavi 《Climate Policy》2018,18(2):246-257

Brazil is the first major developing country to pledge for absolute reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. This article explores the extent to which fiscal policies could contribute to this reduction and to greening the Brazilian economy. It was found that the use of green fiscal policies is at an early stage in Brazil, but a growing number of measures have been adopted in recent years led by subnational-level policies. An econometric analysis of 24 Brazilian manufacturing sectors for the years 2001–2008 shows that some fiscal instruments, such as low-cost (subsidized) finance for innovation and fiscal incentives for sustainable practices, have been effective in inducing green innovation. However, less than 14% of more than 100 thousand companies included in the study have adopted greener technologies. Even though Brazilian green fiscal policies have been rather uncoordinated and ad hoc, their significant impact on the uptake of green technologies indicates these can play an important role in a transition to a green economy.

POLICY RELEVANCE

Faced with the challenge of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions in absolute terms, Brazil now needs to put in place policies to help deliver the country’s pledge. This article analyses which fiscal policies should be adopted and how these policies could form part of a low carbon policy framework in the country. Among our policy-relevant findings is that subnational green fiscal policies are relatively less complex to introduce and encourage uptake of green technologies. Thus, they could be an entry point to a wider green fiscal policy strategy. We also found that fiscal incentives for green innovation projects can present more than proportional impact on the uptake of green technologies owing to positive feedbacks, increasing returns to scale and spill-overs. These are attractive features of green innovations to developing countries in addition to environmental benefits, as they favour the accumulation of indigenous technological capabilities that are critical for long-term technological and economic development. These lessons learned from green fiscal policies in Brazil are applicable to other developing countries.  相似文献   

Local Governance for Social Sustainability: equity as a strategic response to neoliberal constraints in food security initiatives     

Christine Slade  Jennifer Carter 《The Australian geographer》2017,48(3):385-399

Scholarly literature recognises the importance of social sustainability as part of the wider sustainability agenda. A wide array of concepts such as equity, social justice, democratic government, social inclusion, social capital and quality of life are thought to constitute social sustainability. Local governments are charged with delivering social programs and services to their constituency, but market logics and performance-based institutional cultures, along with limited authority and funding, constrain their capacity to respond to new initiatives. We analyse two case studies in Victoria, Australia, to explore how elements of social sustainability are articulated and operationalised within local government. Each case study involved State-level and local government partnerships in health-promotion initiatives to improve food security. Analysis was conducted on 50 primary policy documents, 22 secondary data documents and 27 interviews. Findings reveal that a systems-based or integrated approach to social sustainability was not workable but not completely ineffective. Equity was prioritised by local government in both case studies, and well acknowledged as interconnected with other social goals. Although constrained in its capacity to deliver new initiatives, local government responded to neoliberalising ideologies, as well as its constituency, by strategically focusing on a particular goal, such as equity.  相似文献   

Actor-Based Design of a Management System for the Elephant Marsh Fishery in Malawi     

Ishmael B. M. Kosamu  Wouter T. de Groot  Patrick S. Kambewa 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(3):299-314

In Malawi, fishing community user groups known as beach village committees, traditional chiefs, government officers, and fishers are the key players in fisheries management. Fish catch trends at the Elephant Marsh Fishery in southern Malawi are declining. Based on interviews and participant observation, this article uses an actor-based framework (known as Action-in-Context) to unveil the issues that are crucial in devising a sustainable governance system for the fishery. We establish and propose that the key social variables for the design of a three-pillared (locally based, weak, and amorphous) resilient institution for sustainability of the Elephant Marsh Fishery are (i) the social reputation of the leaders of local fishery institutions (beach village committee leaders), and (ii) the power dynamics between traditional chiefs and these local fishery leaders. We end the article by exploring the implications of the findings on the sustainability of the fishery under rising resource pressure.  相似文献   

邮轮旅游的负效应与责任性研究综述     

孙晓东  侯雅婷 《地理科学进展》2017,36(5):569-584

邮轮产业已经成为国际旅游和接待业中发展速度最快、经济效益最显著的业务之一。随着全球邮轮市场的东移,中国邮轮业受到了前所未有的关注,已发展成为亚太邮轮市场的核心组成部分。随着邮轮经济的不断深化,邮轮旅游业对中国经济、社会、文化和环境的影响日渐广泛而深远,而邮轮旅游的可持续性与责任性问题将成为该产业发展的重大议题。本文对国内外文献进行整理和分析后发现,目前国内学者对邮轮旅游及其影响的审视还不够深刻,特别是对邮轮旅游业的负效应或负外部性问题没有引起足够关注,研究成果非常有限,研究视角也较为宽泛。本文主要对近15年来国外邮轮旅游可持续性与责任性方面的成果进行了综述,在对邮轮经济的有限性、邮轮旅游对自然环境破坏和社会—文化冲击等方面的成果进行梳理的基础上,提出了“负责任邮轮旅游”的系统结构与行动框架,可为中国今后邮轮旅游业持续、快速与健康发展提供理论指导与实践支持。  相似文献