基于芬兰经验的我国森林资源型城市的发展研究--以伊春市为例     

姜琳琳  张宁  臧淑英 《世界地理研究》2006,15(2):48-53,65

资源型城市的可持续发展问题一直是学术界的研究热点,但对于森林资源型城市的研究却不多见。本文概括介绍了芬兰的资源和经济发展情况,系统分析了芬兰这样一个以森林起家的经济发达国家的成功经验;并以伊春为例提出了森林资源型城市经济转型和可持续发展可资借鉴的对策和建议。  相似文献   

绿色建筑的内涵及其发展的若干思考     

罗栋燊  廖福霖  官巧燕  郑国诜 《福建地理》2006,(4)

随着我国城市化进程的快速推进,大规模的人居环境建设使我国的资源与环境面临巨大的挑战,发展绿色建筑已经成为可持续发展的重大战略问题.文章从可持续发展的角度,指出了绿色建筑的内涵与特征,并归纳了绿色建筑与一般建筑的区别.在此基础上,提出了发展绿色建筑的具体对策.  相似文献   

Managing sustainable farmed landscape through 'alternative' food networks: a case study from Italy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LEWIS HOLLOWAY  ROSIE COX†  LAURA VENN‡  MOYA KNEAFSEY‡  ELIZABETH DOWLER§  HELENA TUOMAINEN§ 《The Geographical journal》2006,172(3):219-229

This paper focuses on a case study of an 'alternative' food network based in the Abruzzo National Park, Italy, to explore how ideas of sustainable farmland management can be expressed through broader understandings of developing networks of care concerned with local economies and societies, high-quality specialist food products, particular 'traditional' farming practices and livestock breeds, as well as the ecology of a farmed landscape. The scheme allows customers, internationally as well as in Italy, to 'adopt' a milking sheep on a large mountain farm. In return, adopters are sent food products from the farm. The adoption scheme is inter-twined with an agri-tourism project which provides accommodation, runs a restaurant and engages in educational activities. The scheme is the result of the individual initiative of its founder, and is associated with a strongly expressed ethical position concerning the value of sustaining valued local rural landscapes and lifestyles, and the importance of 'reconnecting' urban dwellers with rural areas, farming and 'quality' food production. Yet the localness of the scheme is sustained through wider national and international networks: volunteer and paid workers are drawn from several European countries, funding has been acquired from the EU LEADER programme, and internet and transport technologies are essential in connecting with and supplying an international customer base. The broader economy of care instanced in this case study draws attention to a need to develop strategies for sustainable farmland management constructed around wider programmes of social, economic and cultural, as well as environmental, concern.  相似文献   

Can we sustain sustainable agriculture? Learning from small-scale producer-suppliers in Canada and the UK   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LARCH MAXEY 《The Geographical journal》2006,172(3):230-244

There has been particular interest in 'alternative' food over the last 10 years, with many policymakers and researchers throughout the Minority World following a growing number of consumers and producers in supporting organic farming and a host of 'alternative' food networks. To date, there has been a tendency for theory and policy to emerge somewhat divorced from the grounded practices and experiences of producer-suppliers themselves within these networks. Urging a shift from 'alternativity' to 'sustainability' as a more critical and valuable tool to analyse food networks, this paper draws upon in-depth ethnographic research with small-scale producer-supplier case studies in south Wales and southern Ontario. In so doing it explores often overlooked voices and stories within sustainable food discourses. Focusing on the value of farmer-led understandings and responses, the paper highlights important implications for policymakers and consumers and outlines future research on sustainable food networks.  相似文献   

山西省地下水资源开发利用的对策     

狄丕勋 《地下水》2005,27(6):466-469

本文基于可持续发展的思想,论述了山西省地下水开发利用现状及存在的问题,分析了地下水的开发利用潜力,提出了地下水资源开发、利用应采取的对策.  相似文献   

区域水资源可持续利用的综合评价方法   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

宋松柏  蔡焕杰 《水科学进展》2005,16(2):244-249

水资源可持续利用指标体系及评价方法是水资源可持续利用研究的核心问题之一。以复合系统理论为基础,将水资源、社会经济和环境组成的复合系统定义为水资源可持续利用系统(RSWRS系统)。应用Bossel可持续发展基本定向指标框架,建立了水资源可持续利用指标评价体系。应用系统综合评价法,权重采用基于Bossel评分标准,以参考状态的离差平方和最大法计算,建立了以RSWRS系统发展综合指数和发展态势度量模型。以陕西省为例,进行了水资源可持续利用的综合定量评价。  相似文献   

水稻灌区节水灌溉的尺度效应   总被引：13，自引：8，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

董斌  崔远来  李远华 《水科学进展》2005,16(6):833-839

探讨了节水灌溉尺度问题,指出产生节水灌溉尺度现象的原因是由于灌溉过程中回归水的重复利用.结合漳河灌区的实际,讨论了水稻种植区在不同尺度下的水平衡要素及其在节水尺度效应中的作用;说明随尺度的增大,水平衡过程变得复杂化,节水尺度效应现象也更突出.利用漳河灌区田间试验数据和灌区长系列的历史资料,分别从田间、中等、灌溉干渠和灌区共四个尺度,定量地分析了水稻节水灌溉对水分生产率以及水分利用率的影响.结果表明,节水灌溉技术的采用不仅可以提高田间尺度的灌溉水分生产率,也促进了漳河灌区灌溉水分生产率的整体上升.  相似文献   

可持续发展评估指标、方法及应用研究   总被引：31，自引：1，他引：31  

张志强  程国栋  徐中民 《冰川冻土》2002,24(4):344-360

可持续发展评估指标及方法研究是可持续发展定量评估研究的基础,是实施可持续发展管理的依据,是生态经济学与可持续发展研究的前沿领域和热点问题之一. 在概括介绍可持续发展评估的工具--指标/指数的概念和功能、国际上代表性可持续发展研究机构指标选取的原则的基础上,全面分析归纳了可持续发展指标(体系)的类型及其框架模式. 详细介绍了联合国可持续发展委员会(UNCSD)、经济合作与发展组织(OECD)、世界保护同盟(IUCN)、世界银行等国际上代表性机构的可持续发展系统性指标体系的最新研究进展,并分析了这些系统性指标体系的优缺点. 深入分析了国际上典型的社会发展类、经济发展类、生态环境类可持续发展指标(指数)的研究、开发与实际评估应用的情况. 最后,总结了当前可持续发展指标(体系)研究的特点与趋势.  相似文献   

A model of equilibrium bed topography for meander bends with erodible banks     

Stephen E. Darby  Ivana Delbono 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2002,27(10):1057-1085

Channel curvature produces secondary currents and a transverse sloping channel bed, along which the depth increases towards the outer bank. As a result deep pools tend to form adjacent to the outer bank, promoting bank collapse. The interaction of sediment grains with the primary and secondary flow and the transverse sloping bed also causes meanders to move different grain sizes in different proportions and directions, resulting in a consistent sorting pattern. Several models have been developed to describe this process, but they all have the potential to over‐predict pool depth because they cannot account for the influence of erodible banks. In reality, bank collapse might lead to the development of a wider, shallower cross‐section and any resulting flow depth discrepancy can bias associated predictions of flow, sediment transport, and grain‐size sorting. While bed topography, sediment transport and grain sorting in bends will partly be controlled by the sedimentary characteristics of the bank materials, the magnitude of this effect has not previously been explored. This paper reports the development of a model of flow, sediment transport, grain‐size sorting, and bed topography for river bends with erodible banks. The model is tested via intercomparison of predicted and observed bed topography in one low‐energy (5·3 W m^?2 specific stream power) and one high‐energy (43·4 W m^?2) study reach, namely the River South Esk in Scotland and Goodwin Creek in Mississippi, respectively. Model predictions of bed topography are found to be satisfactory, at least close to the apices of bends. Finally, the model is used in sensitivity analyses that provide insight into the influence of bank erodibility on equilibrium meander morphology and associated patterns of grain‐size sorting. The sensitivity of meander response to bank cohesion is found to increase as a function of the available stream power within the two study bends. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

青藏高原大气—植被相互作用的模拟试验Ⅱ.植被叶面积指数和净初级生产力   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

吕建华  季劲钧 《大气科学》2002,26(2):255-262

利用大气－植被相互作用模式AVIM对青藏高原上30个站点进行模拟计算，给出了青藏高原上植被叶面积指数和净初级生产力的分布特征。模拟结果表明，高原上叶面积指数、净初级生产力由东南向西北减少，模拟和观测的分布相一致。分析指出，青藏高原净初级生产力的分布决定于水热条件的共同作用，降水充沛、温度适宜的青藏高原东南部净初级生产力较高，而青藏高原西北部由于降水过少或温度过低，初级生产力很低。  相似文献