Detecting the storage and change on topsoil organic carbon in grasslands of Inner Mongolia from 1980s to 2010s   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Erfu Dai  Ruixue Zhai  Quansheng Ge  Xiuqin Wu 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(6):1035-1046

Soil carbon sequestration and potential has been a focal issue in global carbon research. Under the background of global change, the estimation of the size as well as its change of soil organic carbon（SOC） storage is of great importance. Based on soil data from the second national soil survey and field survey during 2011–2012, by using the regression method between sampling soil data and remote sensing data, this paper aimed to investigate spatial distribution and changes of topsoil（0–20 cm） organic carbon storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s. The results showed that：（1） the SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s was estimated to be 2.05 and 2.17 Pg C, with an average density of 3.48 and 3.69 kg C·m–2, respectively. The SOC storage was mainly distributed in the typical steppe and meadow steppe, which accounted for over 98% of the total SOC storage. The spatial distribution showed a decreased trend from the meadow steppe, typical steppe to the desert steppe, corresponding to the temperature and precipitation gradient.（2） SOC changes during 1982–2012 were estimated to be 0.12 Pg C, at 7.00 g C·m–2·yr–1, which didn＇t show a significant change, indicating that SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia remained relatively stable over this period. However, topsoil organic carbon showed different trends of carbon source/sink during the past three decades. Meadow steppe and typical steppe had sequestered 0.15 and 0.03 Pg C, respectively, served as a carbon sink; while desert steppe lost 0.06 Pg C, served as a carbon source. It appears that SOC storage in grassland ecosystem may respond differently to climate change, related to vegetation type, regional climate type and grazing intensity. These results might give advice to decision makers on adopting suitable countermeasures for sustainable grassland utilization and protection.  相似文献   

内蒙古中部MODIS植被动态监测分析   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

王军邦  陶健  李贵才  庄大方 《地球信息科学学报》2010,12(6):835-842

对中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)250m空间分辨率的每8天NDVI卫星遥感数据,利用年平均NDVI及一元线性回归方法,分析了2000-2008年内蒙古中部地区植被变化趋势。结果表明,近9年内蒙古中部地区79.60%地区的植被总体上保持稳定,17.33%的地区得到了明显改善,3.06%的地区仍存在较强的退化或沙化趋势。退化或沙化地区主要分布在内蒙古农牧交错带北部边缘,成条带状分布,反映了农牧交错带地区生态仍然较为脆弱,需要进一步关注和保护,东南部地区的植被恢复明显。植被年际动态主要受该地区暖干化气候影响,气候变暖造成植被NDVI增加,而降水波动导致NDVI随之变化,降水的作用是气温的2.8倍,有些地区可达到11倍之多。  相似文献   

典型草原区芨芨草灌丛积雪形态与滞雪阻雪能力   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

左合君  闫敏  刘宝河  董智 《冰川冻土》2016,38(3):725-731

通过对典型草原区芨芨草（Achnatherum splendens）灌丛积雪体的调查,研究了灌丛特征（灌丛高度、灌丛迎风侧宽度、灌丛顺风侧长度）对于积雪形态（积雪高度、积雪宽度、雪辫长度）的影响。结果表明：芨芨草积雪形态参数与灌丛特征单一因子间呈显著的幂函数关系（指数<1）,灌丛积雪发育过程及其形态特征是灌丛特征参数共同影响和作用的结果,灌丛高度对积雪高度与雪辫长度影响最大,灌丛迎风侧宽度对积雪宽度影响最大;在灌丛积雪的形成发育过程中,较小灌丛积雪形态发育较快,大灌丛积雪形态发育相对缓慢,不论灌丛特征如何变化,所有灌丛积雪体前期发育迅速,后期发育缓慢;灌丛二维空间滞雪范围模型直接反映灌丛对风力的干扰范围和积雪的潜在范围,间接反映灌丛的滞雪能力;灌丛三维空间阻雪量模型直接反映一定雪源、风况条件下灌丛的阻雪能力。建立的灌丛滞雪范围与灌丛阻雪体积模型,可为典型草原风吹雪区积雪资源估算和雪害植物防治技术提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Spatial-temporal variation in soil respiration and its controlling factors in three steppes of Stipa L. in Inner Mongolia, China     

QI YuChun  DONG YunShe  LIU LiXin  LIU XingRen  PENG Qin    XIAO ShengSheng  & HE YaTing 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(5)

Grassland is the largest terrestrial ecosystem in China. It is of great significance to measure accurately the soil respiration of different grassland types for the contribution evaluation of the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem’s carbon emission to the atmospheric CO2 concentration. A three-year (2005-2007) field experiment was carried out on three steppes of Stipa L. in the Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia, China, using a static opaque chamber technique. The seasonal and interannual variations of soil respiration rates were analyzed, and the annual total soil respiration of the three steppes was estimated. The numerical models between soil respiration and water-heat factors were established respectively. Similar seasonal dynamic and high annual and interannual variations of soil respiration were found in all of the three steppes. In the growing season, the fluctuation of soil respiration was particularly evident. The coefficients of variation (CVs) for soil respiration in different growing seasons ranged from 54% to 93%, and the annual CVs were all above 115%. The interannual CV of soil respiration progressively decreased in the order of Stipa grandis (S. grandis) steppe Stipa baicalensis (S. baicalensis) steppe Stipa krylovii (S. krylovii) steppe. The annual total soil respiration for the S. baicalensis steppe was 223.62?299.24 gC m-2 a-1, 150.62-226.99 gC m-2 a-1 for the S. grandis steppe, and 111.31–131.55 gC m-2 a-1 for the S. krylovii steppe, which were consistent with the precipitation gradient. The variation in the best fitting temperature factor explained the 63.5%, 73.0%, and 73.2% change in soil respiration in the three steppes at an annual time scale, and the corresponding Q10 values were 2.16, 2.98, and 2.40, respectively. Moreover, the Q10 values that were calculated by soil temperature at different depths all expressed a 10 cm 5 cm surface in the three sampling sites. In the growing season, the soil respiration rates were related mostly to the surface soil moisture, and the 95.2%, 97.4%, and 93.2% variations in soil respiration in the three steppes were explained by the change in soil moisture at a depth of 0-10 cm, respectively.  相似文献   

生态补偿机制中若干关键科学问题——以甘南藏族自治州草地生态系统为例   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

戴其文  赵雪雁 《地理学报》2010,65(4):494-506

以甘南州草地生态系统水源涵养服务为例,构建以机会成本、交易成本和实施成本为参数的参与成本模型确定生态补偿标准。基于生态补偿资金效率的考虑,构建以土地所有者提供的生态系统服务、土地所有者的参与成本和生态系统服务受损风险为参数的空间选择模型,以乡镇为研究单元,对生态补偿区域进行选择,采用聚类分析将全州划为5大等级补偿区:优先补偿区、次级优先补偿区、次级补偿区、临界补偿区和潜在补偿区或可能补偿区,并对各类补偿区的特征进行了分析。构建生态补偿额基尼系数与生态补偿资金效率评价模型,分别评价了补偿额在受偿群体和补偿区域中分配的公平性、合理性与不同等级补偿区的补偿效率。结果表明:①以草地生态系统服务功能的价值(4776.4元/hm²·a)和机会成本(621.3元/m²·a)作为补偿标准的上下限,结合参与成本确定甘南州草地生态系统补偿标准为1999.8元/hm²·a;②草地生态系统的补偿优先度与生态重要性、生态脆弱性呈现出吻合趋同的状态,即草地生态系统优先补偿区既是高效补偿区,又是重要生态区和生态脆弱区;③受偿者(草地生态系统水源涵养服务供给者)得到的补偿额有明显不均衡状态,而在补偿区域(草地生态系统)上的分配却处于绝对平均范围内;④草地生态系统补偿区的优先等级次序与补偿效率吻合,即草地生态系统的优先补偿区的补偿效率最高,每元获取的草地生态系统水源涵养服务为38.18,是临界补偿区的14.68倍;次级优先补偿区的效率仅次于优先补偿区,每元补偿的生态系统服务为21.02。  相似文献   

Simulating net primary production of grasslands in northeastern Asia using MODIS data from 2000 to 2005     

XING Xiaoxu  XU Xingliang  ZHANG Xianzhou  ZHOU Caiping  SONG Minghua  SHAO Bin  OUYANG Hua 《地理学报》2010,20(2):193-204

The net primary production (NPP) of grasslands in northeastern Asia was estimated using improved CASA model with MODIS data distributed from 2000 and ground data as driving variables from 2000 to 2005. Average annual NPP was 146.05 g C m?2 yr?1 and average annual total NPP was 0.32 Pg C yr?1 in all grasslands during the period. It was shown that average annual grassland NPP in the whole northeastern Asia changed dramatically from 2000 to 2005, with the highest value of 174.80 g C m?2 yr?1 in 2005 and the lowest value of 125.65 g C m?2 yr?1 in 2001. On regional scale, average annual grassland NPP of 179.71 g C m?2 yr?1 in southeastern Russia was the highest among the three main grassland regions in the six years. Grasslands in northern China exhibited the highest average annual total NPP of 0.16 Pg C yr?1 and contributed 51.42% of the average annual total grassland NPP in northeastern Asia. Grassland NPP in northeastern Asia also showed a clear seasonal pattern with the highest NPP occurred in July every year. Average monthly grassland NPP in southeastern Russia was the highest from May to August while average monthly grassland NPP in northern China showed the highest NPP before May and after August. The change rate distribution of grassland NPP between the former three years and the latter three years showed grassland NPP changed slightly between the two stages in most regions, and that NPP change rate in 80.98% of northeastern Asia grasslands was between –0.2 and 0.2. Grassland NPP had close correlation with precipitation and temperature, that indicates climate change will influence the grassland NPP and thus have a great impact on domestic livestock in this region in future.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1985,37(3):357-389

Book Reviewed in this article: Redundant Spaces in Cities and Regions? Studies in Industrial Decline and Social Change . J. Anderson, S. Duncan and R. Hudson. eds. The Social Consequences and Challenges of New Agricultural Technologies . Gigi M. Berardi and Charles C. Geisler, eds. Determinants of Fertility in Developing Countries, Vol. I, Supply and Demand for Children . Rodolfo A. Bultao and Ronald D. Lee, eds. Computer Mapping: Progress in the‘80s . James R. Carter. Washington: Colonial Africa . A. J. Christopher. Geography of the Soviet Union . J. P. Cole. Chicago Mapmakers, Essays on the Rise of the City's Map Trade . Michael P. Conzen, ed. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists and the Ecology of New England . William Cronon. Mizner's Florida: American Resort Architecture . Donald W. Curl. Geographical Studies on the Soviet Union: Essays in Honor of Chauncy D. Harris . George Demko and Roland J. Fuchs, eds. Fluvial Hydrology . S. Lawrence Dingman. Pueblo Indian Water Rights: Struggle For a Precious Resource . Charles T. DuMars, Marilyn O'Leary and Albert E. Utton. Women in the Cities of Asia: Migration and Urban Adaptation . James T. Fawcett, Siew-Ean Khoo, and Peter C. Smith, eds. America's National Parks and Their Keepers . Ronald A. Foresta. Neighborhood Revitalization and the Postindustrial City . Dennis E. Gale. China in Canada: A Dialogue on Resources and Development . R. Louis Gentilcore, ed. China: The 80s Era . Norton Ginsburg and Bernard A. Lalor, eds. Boulder, CO: Global Resources: Challenges of Interdependence . Martin I. Glassner, ed. River Networks . Texas: A Geography . Terry G. Jordan with John L. Bean, Jr. and William M. Holmes. The American Frontier: An Archaeological Study of Settlement Pattern and Process . Kenneth E. Lewis. Water Resources, Geography and Law . Olen Paul Matthews. A Field Guide to American Houses . Virginia and Lee McAlester. Population: Patterns, Dynamics, and Prospects . James L. Newman and Gordon E. Matzke. Wood, Brick, and Stone, The North American Settlement Landscape, Vol. 1: Houses . Allen G. Noble. Historical Analysis in Geography . William Norton. The Displaced Worker and Community Response: Case Study of Portsmouth, Scioto County, Ohio . H. Milton Patton and Janet W. Patton. Disaster Management: Warning Response and Community Relocation . Ronald W. Perry and Alvin H. Muskatel. The Anthropology of Space: Explorations into the Natural Philosophy and Semantics of the Navajo . Rik Pinxten, Ingrid van Dooren, and Frank Harvey. What STYLE Is It? A Guide To American Architecture . John C. Poppeliers, S. Allen Chambers, Jr., and Nancy B. Schwartz. Appalachia: A Regional Geography—Land, People and Development . Karl Raitz and Richard Ulack. An Introduction to Urban Geography . John R. Short. Ford, A Village in the West Highlands of Scotland: A Case Study of Repopulation and Social Change in a Small Community . John B. Stephenson. Income and Jobs: USA Diagnosing the Reality . George Sternlieb and James W. Hughes. Weather and Climate of the Antarctic . W. Schwerdtfeger. History and Ecology: Studies of the Grassland, James C. Malin . Robert P. Swierenga, ed. Optimal Control of Spatial Systems . K. C. Tan and R. J. Bennett. Social Science and Revolutions . Stan Taylor. The Global Textile Industry . Brian Toyne, Jeffrey S. Arpan, David A. Ricks, Terence A. Shimp and Andy Barnett. Integrated Water Development: Water Use and Conservation Practice in Western Colorado . James L. Wescoat, Jr. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Maps and Graphics for the Visually Handicapped . Joseph W. Wiedel, ed.  相似文献   

The Bowen Ratio of an Alpine Grassland in Three-River Headwaters,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,from 2001 to 2018     

ZHAO Xuanlan  WANG Junbang  YE Hui  MUHAMMAD Amir  WANG Shaoqiang 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(3):305-318

The Bowen ratio (β) is used to quantify heat transfer from the land surface into the air, which is becoming a hot topic in research on the biogeophysical effects of land use and cover changes. The Three-River Headwaters (TRH), as a sensitive and fragile region, was selected as the study area. The β for 2001-2018 was estimated from the evapotranspiration product (ET_MOD16) of MODIS and the net radiation of the land surface through the albedo from GLASS. The ET_MOD16 data were evaluated against the observation data (ET_OBS) at two alpine grassland flux towers obtained from ChinaFLUX. The interannual trend of the β was analyzed by multiple linear regression (MLR) and structure model (SEM) with the multiple factors of precipitation, temperature, humidity, albedo, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, MOD09Q1). The results show that the ET_MOD16 values were significantly correlated with ET_OBS, with a correlation coefficient above 0.70 (P < 0.01) for the two sites. In 2001-2018, the regional mean β was 2.52 ± 0.77 for the whole grassland, and its spatial distribution gradually increased from the eastern to western region. The interannual β showed a downward trend with a slope of -0.025 and a multiple regression coefficient (R ²) of 0.21 (P = 0.056). Most of the variability (51%) in the interannual β can be explained by the linear regression of the above multiple factors, and the temperature plays a dominant role for the whole region. The SEM analysis further shows that an increasing NDVI results in a decreasing albedo with a path coefficient of -0.57, because the albedo was negatively correlated with NDVI (R ² = 0.52, P < 0.01), which indicates a negative and indirect effect on β from vegetation restoration. An obvious warming climate was found to prompt more evapotranspiration, and restoring vegetation makes the land surface receive more radiation, which both resulted in a decreasing trend in the annual β. This study revealed the biogeophysical mechanisms of vegetation restoration under a changing climate, and demonstrated the Bowen ratio can be applied as an indicator of climate-regulating functions in ecosystem assessments.  相似文献   

青海南部冻融区高寒草地土壤温度变化及热量传输特征     

韩炳宏  周秉荣  孙瑛  赵恒和  石明明  牛得草  傅华 《气候变化研究进展》2018,14(5):456-464

为进一步了解高寒地区草地土壤冻融期（5—9月为融期,10月—翌年4月为冻期）能量收支平衡及不同剖面物理属性过程,采用热传导对流法、振幅法和相位法就该区不同深度土壤热通量分别进行了计算,并初步分析了不同年际间土壤热力学参数的变化特征。结果表明,热传导对流法能较好地描述高寒地区不同深度土壤热通量的变化特征。不同深度土壤温度的多年平均值由地表向深层土壤逐渐呈滞后效应,地表温度（T_0cm）最高值出现在7月份左右,而深层土壤T_160cm和T_320cm的最高值出现时间分别为8月和9月,且随着土壤深度的增加,其振幅减小,相位滞后。中间层土壤温度实测值与模拟值的拟合效果最佳,回归校正系数分别为0.9361、0.9509和0.9133;土壤总热通量与对流热通量相位的变化趋势一致,而与传导热通量相反。因此,季节变化是影响该区土壤剖面热量传递过程和传输方向的主导因子。  相似文献   

青海南部高寒草地土壤冻融交替期水热特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韩炳宏  周秉荣  吴让  颜玉倩  牛得草  傅华 《气象科技》2018,46(2):361-368

为进一步了解高寒草地土壤冻融交替过程及其对水热因子的响应机制,通过2014年8月1日至2015年8月1日不同土层土壤温度和水分观测资料的对比分析,较为系统地探讨了青南高寒草地土壤冻融期不同深度土层土壤温度和水分的变化特征。结果表明,青南高寒草地土壤冻融阶段大体可分为初冻期、稳定冻结中期、稳定冻结后期和消融期4个时期;不同土层土壤温度随气温的变化呈周期性波动,且随着土层的加深变幅减小;不同冻融期表层和亚表层土壤温度和水分波动幅度较大,下层土壤对水热因子的敏感性较小;土壤完全冻结的天数达44~115d,日冻融交替过程主要发生在表层和亚表层土壤。土壤冻融交替增强了土壤的保水性,对该区草地植被提前返青和初级生产力的提高具有促进作用。  相似文献