Seismic radiation from dynamic coalescence, and the reconstruction of dynamic source parameters on a planar fault     

Nobuki Kame  Koji Uchida 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,174(2):696-706

The dynamic coalescence of two mode II cracks on a planar fault is simulated here using the elastodynamic boundary integral equation method. We focus on the complexity of the resultant slip rate and seismic radiation in the crack coalescence model (CCM) and on the reconstruction of a single crack model (SCM) that can reproduce the CCM waveforms from heterogeneous source parameters rather than coalescence. Simulation results reveal that localized higher slip rates are generated by coalescence as a result of stress interaction between the approaching crack tips. The synthesized seismic radiation exhibits a distinct coalescence phase that has striking similarities to stopping phases in the radiation and propagation properties. The corresponding SCM yields a singular increase in the stress drop distribution, which is accompanied by a sudden decrease in it across the point of coalescence in the CCM. This implies that the generation of high-frequency radiation is more efficient from coalescence than from stopping, although both phenomena exhibit the same strong  ω⁻²  -type displacement spectra.  相似文献   

平台巴西劈裂试验确定岩石抗拉强度的理论分析     

黄耀光  王连国  陈家瑞  张继华 《岩土力学》2015,36(3):739-748

为了完善平台巴西劈裂试验测定岩石抗拉强度的理论基础,基于二维弹性理论,建立对弦载荷下的平台巴西劈裂力学模型,采用应力场叠加法求得圆盘内的应力近似解析解。该应力理论解与有限元数值解一致,证明理论求解的合理性。在此基础上,对比研究了平台加载角对圆盘内应力大小及应力集中程度的影响,其结果表明：平台加载角越大,圆盘加载处的应力集中程度和压拉应力比都急剧降低,而圆盘内的拉应力值和拉伸区却只有一定程度减小;过大或过小的平台加载角都不利于平台巴西试样发生中心拉伸劈裂破坏,其最优平台加载角在20°~30°之间。最后,依据Griffith强度破坏准则,推得岩石抗拉强度的理论计算公式,其结果与已有抗拉强度经验公式及试验所得抗拉强度相符较好。  相似文献   

等双轴拉应变对无纺土工织物孔径变化的影响     

白彬  唐晓武  唐琳  曲绍兴 《岩土力学》2015,36(6):1615-1621

无纺土工织物作为一种反滤材料,在工程中常受土体作用产生平面双轴拉应变,导致织物孔径变化。基于无纺织物空间网络孔径模型,改进Rawal公式中织物孔径结构总层数的算法,并提出等双轴拉伸下织物孔径分布曲线的解析解。利用自主研发的双轴拉伸仪,将两种针刺无纺织物等双轴拉伸至应变为3%、5%、10%,采用应变控制下的干筛法,进行织物孔径分布曲线测试。将解析解与试验结果进行对比分析,解析解孔径值偏大,所得解析曲线与测试曲线对于较薄织物吻合更好。研究结果表明,随着双轴拉应变的增加,无纺织物孔径增大,其特征孔径O95、O50、O30都近似与拉伸应变呈线性变化关系。  相似文献   

日本MW 9.0级大地震前后华北和东北地区现今构造应力作用调整过程与研究意义探讨     

谭成轩  胡秋韵  张鹏  丰成君  秦向辉 《地学前缘》2015,22(1):345-359

为了探讨日本M_W 9.0级大地震前后华北和东北地区现今构造应力作用调整过程与研究意义,对华北和东北地区进行原位现今地应力绝对测量与实时监测、GPS测量,结果表明：日本大地震在山东半岛、华北北部地区和东北地区所诱发同震位移引起的张性效应调整周期分别约为6个月(即调整结束时间大约在2011年9月)、15个月(即调整结束时间大约在2012年6月)和26个月(即调整结束时间大约在2013年5月),张性效应调整周期与同震位移大小成正比。在这种调整过程中,往往表现出区域现今构造应力作用方式和构造应力场转换,并可能伴随重大地质事件(如地震等)的发生。2012年5月28日和29日、6月18日、8月26日及2013年1月11日在唐山及其周围地区分别发生的4.8级、3.2级、4.0级、3.3级和3.0级地震与华北北部地区构造应力作用方式和构造应力场转换有关,而2013年10月31日以来在吉林省松原市发生的地震群应与东北地区构造应力作用方式和构造应力场转换有关,而非一个大地震前的小震群。  相似文献   

兰州九州重塑黄土的抗拉变形破坏机理   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

吴旭阳  梁庆国  牛富俊  李国玉 《冰川冻土》2017,39(4):842-849

通过对不同干密度及含水量的重塑黄土进行室内抗拉强度试验,探究轴向压裂法致使试样破坏的机理及一般规律。结果表明,黄土的抗拉变形破坏可分为4种类型：I类,高干密度低含水量（干密度大于1.65 g·cm^-3,含水量小于15%）,抗拉强度介于8~12 kPa;Ⅱ类,低干密度低含水量（干密度小于1.60 g·cm^-3,含水量小于15%）,抗拉强度介于4~8 kPa;Ⅲ类,高干密度高含水量（干密度大于1.65 g·cm^-3,含水量大于17%）,抗拉强度介于4~8 kPa;IV类,低干密度高含水量（干密度小于1.60 g·cm^-3,含水量大于17%）,抗拉强度介于3~4 kPa。I类、Ⅱ类破坏类型属于脆性破坏,Ⅲ类、IV类属于塑性破坏。重塑黄土抵抗变形最弱的含水量为15%。通过对比分析黄土、普通黄黏土、红黏土及膨胀土的抗拉强度发现,在最优含水量处,不同干密度下黄土的抗拉强度均最小。黏性土的持水能力远超过黄土。黏土及膨胀土的抗拉强度均在最优含水量处达到最大值,而黄土的抗拉强度随着含水量的增加持续减小。研究结果对黄土强度特性的理解具有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

拉力分散型锚索锚固段荷载传递机制     

丁瑜  王全才  何思明 《岩土力学》2010,31(2):599-603

预应力锚索是岩土锚固最常用的结构形式之一,使用的锚索类型越来越多。锚索锚固段的荷载传递是控制锚索性能和工程设计的关键,应用剪滞理论分析了锚固段的受力和荷载传递机制,并对拉力分散型锚索的锚固机制进行探讨。分析结果表明,拉力分散型锚索锚固段剪应力在软化段逐渐增加至峰值剪应力,随后减小,其分布模式与现场试验结果比较一致。  相似文献   

烧变后粗砂岩抗拉特性试验研究     

赵洪宝  尹光志  李小双 《岩土力学》2010,31(4):1143-1146

对40块粗砂岩试件高温后的密度、纵波波速和抗拉强度变化规律进行了试验研究。结果表明,高温后粗砂岩的密度随试验温度的升高减小幅度很小,几乎可忽略不记;高温后试件中纵波波速的传播随温度升高基本呈线性降低,而减小率呈二次曲线规律变化;存在一个温度点R,使高温后试件的抗拉强度呈开口向下抛物线关系变化,且在R温度作用后试件抗拉强度达到最大;当试验温度大于700 ℃后,试件的抗拉强度变得很小,且当温度升高时变化幅度也很小。高温后纵波波速与抗拉强度关系复合2次曲线关系。  相似文献   

大型地下洞室高边墙的拉应变准则研究     

陈国庆  苏国韶  江权  李天斌 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z1):603-0608

高地应力等复杂环境下大跨度地下洞室群开挖容易诱发高边墙的脆性拉裂破坏,在Mohr-Coulomb准则基础之上,基于拉应变准则,提出大型地下厂房高边墙破坏的复合拉剪屈服准则。根据弹塑性理论,张拉和剪切屈服分别采用相关联和非相关联的塑性流动法则,详细推导了该准则在有限差分法中的计算格式,并对张拉和剪切屈服面的应力空间进行了分界。利用C语言程序编写的动态链接库文件,实现了该准则在通用软件的科学仿真计算。以高应力地区的拉西瓦水电站地下厂房为工程实例,与FLAC3D自带的拉剪屈服准则相比,基于拉应变准则的计算结果表明,大跨度高边墙拉破坏明显,塑性区以及应力松弛区的面积更小,能合理描述硬岩高边墙的脆性拉裂破坏特征。大型硬岩地下洞室群的计算分析验证了该准则的合理性和实用性  相似文献   

Late Quaternary activity of the Pajarito fault, Rio Grande rift of northern New Mexico, USA     

James P. McCalpin   《Tectonophysics》2005,408(1-4):213

The Pajarito fault forms the western margin of the Rio Grande rift in north-central New Mexico, and lies adjacent to Los Alamos National Laboratory, a major Federal research facility. Vertical displacement on this normal fault over the past 1.2 Ma has created a 50- to 120-m-high fault scarp on Bandelier Tuff (1.2 Ma), yielding a long-term average slip rate of ca. 0.1 mm/yr. In support of a Laboratory-wide seismic hazards assessment, we excavated 14 trenches in the Pajarito fault zone to determine the age of the most recent displacement event, the recurrence interval between events, the displacement per event, and the variability in slip rate and recurrence through time. The large number of trenches was required by the large height of the fault scarp and the complexity of the fault zone. Only about half the trenches contained significant thicknesses of Holocene deposits, but in those trenches there was clear evidence for an early-to-mid-Holocene displacement event. The previous event was at least 20–40 ka, and the average recurrence interval over the past ca. 300 ka was about 20–40 kyr. We infer that much of the structural relief across this fault developed soon after eruption of the Bandelier Tuff between 1.0 and 1.2 Ma, and that slip rate slowed considerably after that time.  相似文献   

Experimental evaluation of vulnerability for urban segmental tunnels subjected to normal surface faulting     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2016

Faulting is one type of permanent ground displacement (PGD); tunnels are at the risk of damage when they are susceptible to faulting. The present study proposes an experimental approach to create the fragility curves for shallow segmental tunnels in alluvial deposits subjected to normal surface faulting. Centrifuge testing was carried out in order to achieve this purpose. The proposed approach allows evaluation of new fragility curves considering the distinctive features of tunnel geometry and fault specifications. The comparison between the new fragility curves and the existing empirical curves was discussed as well. Compared to tunnels in rock, tunnels in alluvial deposits are more susceptible to failure because of different mechanisms of collapse into tunnel at large exerted PGD.  相似文献