地理信息科学方法论的理论体系研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

齐清文  姜莉莉  张岸  陈燕  郭瑛琦 《测绘科学》2010,35(4):5-9

地理信息科学是地理学的一个分支,其方法论研究受到科学哲学和地理学方法论的指导,同时也从大量的该学科研究成果、工程项目和软硬件产品中提炼的案例中总结和归纳而来。本文在本学科的时代需求和国家前瞻布局的背景下开展研究。首先阐述了地理信息科学方法论的哲学观和实用观,提出了研究中应该处理好的六个关系;其次,建立了方法论的结构体系,由地理信息本体论、六个科学方法和七个技术方法组成;再次,分析和论证了地理信息的本体特征及其与方法论的关系,最后讨论了地理信息科学方法论的创新机制和策略。  相似文献   

长河坝—黄金坪水库区域地震台网监测能力分析     

杜瑶  吴彤  冯薪  丁勇  赵昱  郑昭  王宇玺  王余伟 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(5):25-32

位于四川省甘孜藏族自治州康定市内大渡河干流的长河坝-黄金坪水电站,为大渡河流域开发中,以长河坝、大岗山、瀑布沟等形成主要梯级格局开发方案中,"三库22级"水电站中的第10和11级电站,其地震监测台网也采用梯级设计方式,长河坝-黄金坪上下游水库地震监测台网统一设计、建设及监测,共享同一地震监测能力。通过对监测设备的技术指标、台基地噪声水平和震级-频度对数关系的分析,结果表明,长河坝-黄金坪水库区域地震固定台站建成后,地震监测能力达到并优于设计的理论监测能力,地震监测震级达到下限为M_L 0.5的设计要求。  相似文献   

深部开采底板隔水关键层受局部高承压水作用破坏理论分析     

马凯  尹立明  陈军涛  陈明  王自起  崔博强 《岩土力学》2018,39(9):3213-3222

大量实测地质资料与防治水实践证实,深部煤层开采底板含水层存在大量的局部高承压水区域,在强开采扰动下极易诱发底板突水灾害。基于“下三带”、“关键层”理论,将局部高承压水与底板隔水关键层简化为圆筒力学模型,分析研究隔水关键层在局部高承压水作用下的屈服破坏机制,得到了隔水关键层发生屈服的4个临界水压值公式;对各临界水压值进行区间划分,分析不同区间隔水关键层的屈服状态,确定了局部高承压水致使隔水关键层屈服破坏两个阶段的水压判据平衡方程,得出了奥陶系顶部岩层作为隔水关键层剩余隔水能力的计算表达式,并反演得到了开采深度上限、下限公式。结合九龙矿深部开采实际,对所建力学模型进行了验证与应用,进而提出了防止局部高承压水致灾的相关措施,对实现深部煤层安全带压开采具有重要的理论指导意义。  相似文献   

A proposal for the theoretical analysis of the interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

Chuanglin Fang  Chenghu Zhou  Chaolin Gu  Liding Chen  Shuangcheng Li 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(12):1431-1449

Mega-urban agglomerations are strategic core areas for national economic development and the main regions of new urbanization. They also have important roles in shifting the global economic center of gravity to China. However, the development of mega-urban agglomerations has triggered the interactive coercion between resources and the eco-environment. The interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations represent frontier and high-priority research topics in the field of Earth system science over the next decade. In this paper, we carried out systematic theoretical analysis of the interactive coupling mechanisms and coercing effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. In detail, we analyzed the nonlinear-coupled relationships and the coupling characteristics between natural and human elements in mega-urban agglomerations. We also investigated the interactive coercion intensities between internal and external elements, and the mechanisms and patterns of local couplings and telecouplings in mega-urban agglomeration systems, which are affected by key internal and external control elements. In addition, we proposed the interactive coupling theory on urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. Furthermore, we established a spatiotemporal dynamic coupling model with multi-element, multi-scale, multi-scenario, multi-module and multi-agent integrations, which can be used to develop an intelligent decision support system for sustainable development of mega-urban agglomerations. In general, our research may provide theoretical guidance and method support to solve problems related to mega-urban agglomerations and maintain their sustainable development.  相似文献   

现代地球化学的理论思维结构     

赵伦山 《地学前缘》2005,12(1):288-293

地球科学和地球化学的进展,不但加深和扩大了对地球的认识和理论成果,同时也总结提炼出了全新的科学思维方法。复杂性理论和系统思维是科学认识论的一次飞跃。现代地球化学建立了较完整的理论和方法体系,给地质科学认知地球提供了依据和支撑。作者论证了系统思维和逻辑演绎法相结合的思维方式,是研究和认识地球复杂巨系统以及推动地球科学理论创新的指导思想,并提出了运用现代地球化学理论构架和方法体系,综合地球科学系统思维与逻辑思维相结合方向的地球化学认知模型,为深入研究地球物质能量系统的行为和解决人类面临的资源、环境和灾害问题提供新的思路。  相似文献   

高速铁路隧道围岩抗力系数现场试验与理论研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李波  吴立  邓宗伟  陈剑  唐爱松 《岩土力学》2015,36(2):532-541

以沪昆高速铁路隧道为依托,通过现场径向液压枕试验,测量各级压力下半径向变形,获取了隧道研究点处岩石抗力系数实测值。在实测数据的基础上,结合国内外相关的弹性抗力本构模型,建立了沪昆高速铁路隧道围岩抗力系数的5种理论计算模型：理想弹塑性模型、爆破裂缝弹塑性模型、塑性软化岩体模型、Lade-Duncan准则模型、统一强度理论模型,并有针对性的将所研究的20座隧道进行分类,分别计算其围岩抗力系数理论计算值。为了弥补现场试验点数目的限制,对所研究的隧道展开了数值模拟分析。通过对不同的埋深、围岩级别、地质特征下岩石抗力系数现场试验值、理论计算值、数值模拟值和规范值进行对比和综合,提出了高速铁路大断面隧道的围岩抗力系数推荐值,该推荐值突破了普通铁路隧道规范中关于抗力系数建议值仅限于弹性模型的限制,为优化隧道结构设计,充分利用围岩的自承能力提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日法充灌袋挤淤过程的有限元研究     

陈静  闫澍旺  孙立强  陈浩  郎瑞卿  任宇晓  林澍  葛娟 《岩土力学》2016,37(8):2411-2416

在含水率大、承载能力低的软土地基上,利用充灌砂袋进行挤淤置换的方法工艺简单、施工方便、处理效果明显,已经广泛地应用在建造围埝和修筑道路中。充灌袋下沉到一定深度后,其重量与地基承载力相等,从而达到极限平衡状态。充灌袋挤淤所达到的深度与其高度存在一定的对应关系,在工程中确定此关系十分重要。通过3组不同宽度的挤淤模型试验,得到充灌袋下沉量与充灌袋高度的曲线关系、淤泥的位移特性及隆起量。利用ABAQUS中耦合欧拉-拉格朗日法（CEL法）,将充灌袋和淤泥分别用拉格朗日体和欧拉体描述,模拟充灌袋挤淤下沉的过程,将模拟得到的充灌袋下沉深度和高度的关系、淤泥的位移特点与试验结果以及理论公式进行对比。结果表明,CEL法模拟得到的结果与试验结果、理论解具有很好的吻合性,说明利用CEL法可以较好地模拟充灌袋的挤淤问题。  相似文献   

桩承式加筋路堤作用机理理论分析与数值模拟     

骆瑞萍  陈保国 《岩土工程技术》2009,23(3):150-154

软土地基上填筑高路堤常常面临地基承载力不足、沉降和不均匀沉降过大等问题。桩承式加筋路堤能够有效地解决这些难题。通过理论分析和有限元数值模拟,研究了路堤填土-加筋材料-桩体-桩间土之间的相互作用机理,讨论了路堤填土中的土拱效率、桩体效率、路堤底面差异沉降和筋材拉力的变化规律。研究结果表明,填土中的土拱效应和筋材张力膜效应能够有效地提高桩体效率,防止软土屈服;筋材内部拉力呈非线性分布,桩顶边缘处筋材拉力最大。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the saltation process of bed materials by video imaging under altered bed roughness     

Anindita Bhattacharyya  Satya P. Ojha  Bijoy S. Mazumder 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(12):1339-1353

The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of particle saltation and movement over the beds of fixed roughness from flume experiments. A series of experiments are carried out to study the saltation of individual sand particles of different sizes over rough beds under different flow conditions. A 3‐D acoustic Doppler velocimeter is used to record the fluid velocity components; subsequently, under different flow conditions, the images of released sand particles are recorded using high‐speed video imaging technique. Systematic analysis is made with regard to the forces acting on the grains and the variation of their magnitudes along the saltation trajectories of the grains. Relations between the saltation parameters, flow intensity and bed roughness are developed. The distributions of the angle of orientations during a single saltation follows almost a Gaussian distribution. The shape of the Gaussian distribution depends on the particle size and bed roughness. Particle collisions with rough beds and the resulting coefficients of restitution are also discussed. A theoretical framework is developed to compute the mean particle velocity considering the spin in the energy balance equation. Results of the detailed analysis using the imaging technique are much better than in previously reported studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Theoretical Prediction of Gibbs Free Energies of Formation for Crystalline α-MOOH and α-M2O3 Based on a Linear Free-Energy Relationship     

SUN Xiaoming 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(3):656-660

In the present study, the modified Sverjensky–Molling equation, derived from a linear-free energy relationship, is used to predict the Gibbs free energies of formation of crystalline phases of α-MOOH (with a goethite structure) and α-M2O3 (with a hematite structure) from the known thermodynamic properties of the corresponding aqueous trivalent cations (M3+). The modified equation is expressed as ΔG0f,MVX=aMVXΔG0n,M3++bMVX+βMVXγM3+, where the coefficients aMVX, bMVX, and βMVX characterize a particular structural family of MvX (M is a trivalent cation [M3+] and X represents the remainder of the composition of solid); γ3+ is the ionic radius of trivalent cations (M3+); ΔG0f,MVX is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of MvX; and ΔG0n,M3+ is the non-solvation energy of trivalent cations (M3+). By fitting the equation to the known experimental thermodynamic data, the coefficients for the goethite family (α-MOOH) are aMVX=0.8838, bMVX=?424.4431 (kcal/mol), and βMVX=115 (kcal/mol.?), while the coefficients for the hematite family (α-M2O3) are aMVX=1.7468, bMVX=?814.9573 (kcal/mol), and βMVX=278 (kcal/mol.?). The constrained relationship can be used to predict the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of crystalline phases and fictive phases (i.e. phases that are thermodynamically unstable and do not occur at standard conditions) within the isostructural families of goethite (α-MOOH) and hematite (α-M2O3) if the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of the trivalent cations are known.  相似文献