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11.
以粤港澳大湾区港口群为研究对象,结合区域港口集装箱吞吐量数据、全球航运网络航线数据,运用社会网络分析方法相关指标,对粤港澳大湾区港口群内部港口吞吐量占比变化、港口群内部结构变化、湾区港口群参与全球八大区域航运网络格局等进行分析。结果表明：1）2007—2020年粤港澳大湾区港口总吞吐量增长率达到32.3%,并且在2020年总吞吐量达到7 294万TEU,占全球的9.2%,占中国的28.3%。其中,深圳港、广州港增长速度较快;2）在参与全球航运网络方面,粤港澳大湾区出现以深圳港、香港港为核心参与全球八大航运区域的层级结构,湾区整体与东亚、东南亚区域联系最为紧密,与欧洲、美洲、非洲等区域的航线联系则局限于区域核心港口间的直接联系;3）粤港澳大湾区港口群内部深圳港、香港港、广州港三港鼎立,主要业务错位化发展,国际集装箱中转枢纽港香港港、外贸港口深圳港与内贸综合大港广州港以及区域其他支线港珠海港、东莞港等港口共同发展。粤港澳大湾区的港口亟待以港口群为整体,积极参与到全球航运网络的建设中,以应对全球化进程中未知的机遇和挑战。 相似文献
12.
福建漳浦凡纳滨对虾海水养殖中后期水体细菌群落多样性分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为分析凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）海水养殖过程中水体细菌群落多样性变化,本研究采用Illumina测序技术对福建漳浦县凡纳滨对虾海水养殖中后期水体样品进行16S rRNA基因高通量测序,同时进行水质参数测定。结果表明,养殖过程中,氨氮（NH4+-N）、化学需氧量（COD）值波动较大,其他水质参数值波动较小。检测到的细菌种群归属于19个门、35个纲、80个目、135个科、254个属,说明该养殖水体中细菌群落具有高度的多样性。变形菌门和拟杆菌门是养殖期间主要优势类群,不同养殖时期细菌组成存在一定的波动,但没有明显的变化规律。蓝细菌在第67天、115天表现出高丰度,且其丰度在养殖期间变化较大（比例变化为0.7%~63.9%）。此外,益生菌和潜在致病菌丰度在养殖期间很低。冗余分析（Redundancy analysis,RDA）表明,对细菌群落影响最大的水质因子是化学需氧量与硝酸盐浓度比值（COD/NO3-）和COD;降低溶氧可以增加细菌丰富度。总之,本研究初步揭示了对虾养殖中后期水体微生物的演替规律,发现水质因子对养殖水体微生物组成具有显著影响,研究结果为凡纳滨对虾健康养殖提供一定的参考意义。 相似文献
13.
港口体系转型的空间格局及影响因素——基于长江三角洲实证分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用“理论演绎-案例实证-机理阐释”的研究逻辑,从空间视角提出理论假设,分析港口体系在运量、航线与后勤3个维度的集散及转型规律,并以长三角集装箱港口体系为例进行假设验证。结果表明,运量和航线总体上表现为空间分散化态势,低端后勤要素亦由中心枢纽港城市向外围边缘港城市扩散,但高端后勤要素在空间上呈现出进一步向中心枢纽港城市集聚的趋势。通过数理模型研究发现,全球化、市场化、信息化等外部因素以及城市工业发展水平促使运量和航线趋于集聚分布,腹地经济实力、传统交通因素以及金融发展水平、服务化水平等推动运量和航线趋于离散分布;同时,腹地经济和交通等传统因素对港口后勤要素区位选择的影响程度有所下降,而全球化、市场化、服务化等外部因素以及信息化、金融发展水平等新兴因素的影响程度明显上升,尤其对高端后勤要素的区位决策影响更显著。 相似文献
14.
Gang Liu Wen Long Jingchao Wang Peichao Gao Jing He Zhiyong Luo 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(9):1815-1836
Traffic congestion, a common and complicated phenomenon in urban transportation systems, is attracting increasing attention from researchers in Geographical Information Science (GIS) and other fields. In this study, we illustrate a general mechanism that reveals the relationship between travel time and dynamic traffic conditions. We measure a vehicle’s travel time to its destination along any path, where the travel time is calculated based on the path length and on the real-time traffic volume and transport capacity of each road segment on the path. On the basis of this measurement, we present a simple dynamic routing strategy that allows each vehicle to dynamically choose the path to its destination while imposing the minimum travel time. The application of our routing algorithm to the Chengdu street network, Barabási–Albert scale-free network and Erdös–Rényi random network shows that the proposed strategy remarkably improves network throughput and balances traffic load distribution. Our findings suggest that mining the time mechanism of network transport is important to explore efficient time-optimization routing algorithms to enhance the transport capacity of urban street networks and other kinds of networks. 相似文献
15.
车驾雄 《广东海洋大学学报》2000,20(2):52-55
分析、推导 CSMA/ CD的信道共享方式的网络吞吐量的意义及其变化特性。指出它在实际网络设计中的指导意义 相似文献
16.
包气带作为防止地下水硝酸盐污染的天然屏障,其反硝化效果通常受到碳源的限制。针对地下水硝酸盐污染防治技术现状,本文采用Ca(OH)2处理的玉米芯作为反硝化的碳源材料,构建包气带强化反应层,用响应曲面法研究硝酸盐浓度、含水量和温度的交互作用对脱氮性能影响,并用硝态氮去除率、亚硝态氮累积、pH值变化以及溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)淋失通量综合评价脱氮性能,最后采用高通量测序揭示脱氮层中微生物变化。研究结果表明:温度、含水量以及温度和含水量交互作用对硝态氮去除率影响显著,其中温度是反硝化过程中最关键的因素;系统运行74天后,硝态氮去除率达到50%,亚硝态氮累积量(以N计)大多低于3 mg/L,pH值维持在7.0左右,DOC淋失通量(以C计)介于0.10.2 mg/(cm2·d);高通量测序发现,脱氮层中微生物的丰富度降低,而与反硝化和碳分解有关的微生物相对丰度提高,在碳源的刺激下微生物向有利于脱氮的方向演变。 相似文献
17.
为了了解赣江细菌群落特征,探讨环境因子对城市河流细菌群落结构组成的影响,本文基于高通量测序分析鄱阳湖流域赣江南昌段2015年4月至2016年3月5个采样点(G1~G5)的细菌群落特征.采用R语言"Vegan"程序包中的"Bioenv"程序、冗余分析方法分析环境因子对河水细菌群落的影响,基于Bayesian统计方法的Source Tracker模型估算南昌城区对赣江细菌群落的改变比例.结果表明:赣江南昌段的优势菌门为放线菌门(Actinobacteria,34.05%)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria,31.59%),其次为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,15.49%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,9.12%);气温和流量是河流细菌群落主要影响因子,其中气温是影响OTU丰度的最佳单参数,影响门丰度的最佳单参数是流量;水文气象条件(气温和流量)对河流细菌群落的影响大于水化学指标,包括营养盐(溶解有机碳、总磷和铵态氮)、水化学离子(HCO_3~-、Cl~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、Na~+、K~+和Mg~(2+))和重金属元素(Mn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、As、Ba和Fe).除Proteobacteria外,其余门的细菌相对丰度在5个采样点之间不存在显著差异;Source Tracker模型结果表明南昌城区对赣江细菌群落结构组成的影响为6.33%~34.67%,对赣江南支细菌群落的影响显著高于其他河段;南昌城区对细菌群落的影响较小,主要的影响门类为Proteobacteria. 相似文献
18.
Biofloc technology has been applied successfully in the intensive aquaculture of several fish and shrimp species. The growth of heterotrophic microorganisms can be stimulated through adding extra carbon, which reduces the nitrogen level in the water and provides microbial protein to the animals. However, most of the studies and practical applications have been conducted in freshwater and marine environment. This paper focused on brine shrimp Artemia that lives in high salinity environment together with other halophilic or halotolerant microorganisms. The effect of carbon supplementation on Artemia growth, water quality, and microbial diversity of biofl ocs was studied in the closed culture condition without any water exchange. The salinity of the culture medium was 100. A 24-d culture trial was conducted through supplementing sucrose at carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 5, 15, and 30 (Su5, Su15, and Su30), respectively. The culture without adding sucrose was used as a control. Artemia was fed formulated feed at a feeding ration of 60% recommended feeding level. The results showed that sucrose supplementation at higher C/N ratio (15 and 30) signifi cantly improved the Artemia survival, growth and water quality ( P <0.05). Addition of sucrose at C/N ratio of 15 and 30 significantly increased biofloc volume (BFV)( P <0.05). The Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis showed that supplementing carbon at C/N ratio of 15 had a better total bacterial diversity and richness, and shaped the microbial composition at genera level. This study should provide information for studying the mechanism of biofloc technology and its application in high salinity culture conditions. 相似文献
19.
为研究患病大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)消化道中可能的病原微生物,采用高通量测序技术详细分析了健康和患病大黄鱼的胃、幽门盲囊和肠道中微生物群的组成信息和分布特征。研究显示,变形菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门为健康和患病大黄鱼消化道的优势菌门,且其丰度在两类鱼消化道中差异显著。拟杆菌属和乳杆菌属为健康大黄鱼消化道的主要优势菌属;Aliivibrio和弧菌属则为病鱼消化道的主要优势菌属。患病鱼消化道各部位中Aliivibrio的丰度是健康大黄鱼的1702.83~10957.55倍,且差异显著。健康鱼消化道微生物参与的部分代谢通路的基因数目与病鱼样本存在显著差异。大黄鱼消化道菌群和环境菌群相似性分析及主要菌群分布特征显示,饲料中微生物群对消化道菌群的影响相对较大,说明包括饲料在内的环境微生物的卫生质量在健康养殖中的作用非常关键。通过研究推断Aliivibrio和弧菌属为主要病原菌,养殖过程中维持鱼体消化道微生物群的动态平衡对机体健康至关重要,本研究为大黄鱼健康养殖中疾病的定向防控提供了参考。 相似文献
20.
《Marine Policy》2017
The European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) aims to adopt integrated ecosystem management approaches to achieve or maintain “Good Environmental Status” for marine waters, habitats and resources, including mitigation of the negative effects of non-indigenous species (NIS). The Directive further seeks to promote broadly standardized monitoring efforts and assessment of temporal trends in marine ecosystem condition, incorporating metrics describing the distribution and impacts of NIS. Accomplishing these goals will require application of advanced tools for NIS surveillance and risk assessment, particularly given known challenges associated with surveying and monitoring with traditional methods. In the past decade, a host of methods based on nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) analysis have been developed or advanced that promise to dramatically enhance capacity in assessing and managing NIS. However, ensuring that these rapidly evolving approaches remain accessible and responsive to the needs of resource managers remains a challenge. This paper provides recommendations for future development of these genetic tools for assessment and management of NIS in marine systems, within the context of the explicit requirements of the MSFD. Issues considered include technological innovation, methodological standardization, data sharing and collaboration, and the critical importance of shared foundational resources, particularly integrated taxonomic expertise. Though the recommendations offered here are not exhaustive, they provide a basis for future intentional (and international) collaborative development of a genetic toolkit for NIS research, capable of fulfilling the immediate and long term goals of marine ecosystem and resource conservation. 相似文献