三轴试样钻孔灌砂固结排水效果试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐晗  黄斌  饶锡保  何晓民  徐言勇 《岩土力学》2009,30(11):3242-3248

对渗透性较差的重黏土样进行固结排水试验时,其饱和、固结、剪切过程时间较长。为提高固结排水试验效率,改进了三轴排水工艺,提出在试样中钻孔灌砂形成竖向排水通道,并进行了针对黏土样的固结排水试验的验证。试验结果表明,1 %～3 %置换率的砂井对固结排水试验应力-应变无影响,并有利于加速三轴试样的饱和、固结排水、孔压消散、剪切排水过程,可使试验效率提高5倍以上;试样周边、顶面、底面粘贴滤纸条,再结合试样内部钻孔灌砂,是改善三轴试验排水路径的一种科学合理的、高效的方法,能够获得准确、可靠的E-B模型参数。  相似文献   

宜昌三斗坪地区南华系化学蚀变指数特征及南华系划分、对比的讨论   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

王自强  尹崇玉  高林志  唐烽  柳永清  刘鹏举 《地质论评》2006,52(5):577-585

化学蚀变指数(chemicalindexofalteration)最早作为判别源岩区化学风化程度的指标而提出,随后又应用于对沉积物沉积环境的判定。化学蚀变指数的表达式为CIA=n(Al2O3)/[n(Al2O3)+n(CaO)+n(Na2O)+n(K2O)]×100。CaO代表硅酸盐中的CaO,n(CaO)=n(CaO)-n(CO2,方解石)-0.5·n(CO2,白云石)-10/3·n(P2O5)。化学蚀变指数研究样品的选取极为重要,最佳岩性为细碎屑岩,需要清除成岩过程中钾交代作用的影响。用成分变异指数(ICV)来判别沉积再循环作用和沉积物成分被改造的程度。用A—CN—K三角图解来判别物源区的源岩性质和样品钾交代的特征及其风化趋势。宜昌三斗坪地区南华系CIA研究表明该区南华系下统莲沱组下部的CIA值在50~65之间(干燥寒冷),上部为65~75之间(温暖潮湿)和顶部为55~60之间(干燥寒冷);南华系上统南沱组的CIA值基本在60~65之间(干燥寒冷),近顶部两个样品的CIA值达70(温暖潮湿)。上述CIA值变化表明本区南华纪经历自老到新由冰期干燥寒冷—间冰期温暖潮湿—冰期干燥寒冷沉积环境的变化过程。本文据此提出了新的扬子古陆南华系新的划分和对比方案。  相似文献   

攀枝花矿区表层土壤中钒的环境地球化学研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

滕彦国  矫旭东  左锐  王金生 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2007,37(2):278-283

在系统采集攀枝花采矿区周边地带的表层土壤样品及土壤剖面样品的基础上,通过地球化学调查和实验,研究了表层土壤中钒的分布规律、地球化学活动性及潜在的生态风险。结果表明：(1)攀枝花矿区大部分地带的表层土壤受到了钒的污染,表层土壤钒的平均含量是中国土壤背景值的279倍;(2)土壤剖面中钒的含量随深度增加而降低,表明土壤中钒的来源受母质影响较小;(3)采用富集因子得到的表层土壤钒的人为污染以轻微污染和中度污染为主;(4)采矿过程中产生的粉尘通过干沉降是引起表层土壤钒污染的主要原因;(5)表层土壤中钒以残渣态为主,其次为可氧化态和可还原态,而酸溶态所占的比例最小,但生物可利用的钒含量较高,存在轻微的生态风险。因此,应加强矿区钒污染的监测,制定有效控制对策,降低钒污染的生态风险。  相似文献   

枸杞岛贻贝养殖区大型底栖动物群落结构及与环境因子的关系          下载免费PDF全文

裴文豪  胡成业  张秀梅  刘永钿  陈屹洋 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(2):526-536

大型底栖动物物种组成及其群落结构能间接反映贻贝养殖区底栖生态状况。基于2021年4月和8月枸杞岛贻贝养殖区现场调查数据,开展了大型底栖动物群落结构、季节差异及主要驱动因子的系统解析。调查共鉴定大型底栖动物172种,隶属14纲40目84科,物种季节更替率为83.14%。丰度等级分布(Rank abundance)曲线表明,夏季物种更丰富,但均匀度相对较低。春、夏季大型底栖动物Shannon-Wiener多样性介于1.61～2.95之间,季节间差异显著。Simpson指数与盐度、沉积物中值粒径(D50)存在显著正相关关系;生物量与沉积物中值粒径、总有机碳(TOC)存在显著负相关关系;物种数、Chao1指数、生物量、丰富度均与TOC显著负相关。聚类分析将春季分为四个组别,夏季分为三个组别,NMDS分析表明,春季分组物种分离不显著,夏季分组物种分离显著,相似性分析(ANOSIM)印证了这种差异。应用相似百分比(SIMPER)分析表明,季节平均相异率为87.57%,分歧种为丝异须虫(Heteromastus filiformis)。CCA分析表明,溶解氧、TOC和硝酸盐是驱动贻贝养殖区大型底栖动...  相似文献   

Hybrid simulation of a partial-strength steel–concrete composite moment-resisting frame endowed with hysteretic replaceable beam splices     

Roberto Andreotti  Giulia Giuliani  Nicola Tondini  Oreste S. Bursi 《地震工程与结构动力学》2023,52(1):51-70

This paper deals with the seismic response assessment of a steel–concrete moment-resisting frame (MRF) equipped with special dissipative replaceable components (DRCs): the dissipative replaceable beam splices (DRBeS), which combine large energy dissipation with ease of replacement. The evaluation of the full potential of DRBeS requires a system-level investigation, that is, a six-story MRF, whereby the hysteretic effects of beam splices partial-strength joints are considered on the global response of the structural system. Therefore, an OpenSees finite element (FE) frame model, based on previous experimental campaigns with cyclic displacements on partial-strength joints, and a Matlab model validated on OpenSees, were used for a more complex experimental activity via hybrid simulation (HS). The aim of the simulations was twofold: (i) to increase knowledge of the non-linear behaviour of steel-concrete composite partial-strength MRFs; and (ii) to study the effectiveness of the DRBeS components for increasing the recovery of functionality after a major seismic event. Therefore, to appreciate the performance of the partial-strength MRF at damage limitation (DL), significant damage (SD) and near collapse (NC) within the performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) approach, HSs were carried out. In such instances, the ground floor was physically tested at full scale in the laboratory and the remainder of the structure was numerically simulated. Relevant results showed that the DRBeS were capable of dissipating a significant amount of hysteretic energy and of protecting the non-dissipative parts of partial-strength joints and the overall structure with an ease of replacement.  相似文献   

Research Note: Near‐surface layer replacement for sparse data: is interpolation needed?          下载免费PDF全文

Yimin Sun  Eric Verschuur  Yi Luo 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(6):1694-1705

Near‐surface problem is a common challenge faced by land seismic data processing, where often, due to near‐surface anomalies, events of interest are obscured. One method to handle this challenge is near‐surface layer replacement, which is a wavefield reconstruction process based on downward wavefield extrapolation with the near‐surface velocity model and upward wavefield extrapolation with a replacement velocity model. This requires, in theory, that the original wavefield should be densely sampled. In reality, data acquisition is always sparse due to economic reasons, and as a result in the near‐surface layer replacement data interpolation should be resorted to. For datasets with near‐surface challenges, because of the complex event behaviour, a suitable interpolation scheme by itself is a challenging problem, and this, in turn, makes it difficult to carry out the near‐surface layer replacement. In this research note, we first point out that the final objective of the near‐surface layer replacement is not to obtain a newly reconstructed wavefield but to obtain a better final image. Next, based upon this finding, we propose a new thinking, interpolation‐free near‐surface layer replacement, which can handle complex datasets without any interpolation. Data volume expansion is the key idea, and with its help, the interpolation‐free near‐surface layer replacement is capable of preserving the valuable information of areas of interest in the original dataset. Two datasets, i.e., a two‐dimensional synthetic dataset and a three‐dimensional field dataset, are used to demonstrate this idea. One conclusion that can be drawn is that an attempt to interpolate data before layer replacement may deteriorate the final image after layer replacement, whereas interpolation‐free near‐surface layer replacement preserves all image details in the subsurface.  相似文献   

Remote Sensing Monitoring of Surface Characteristics in the Badain Jaran,Tengger, and Ulan Buh Deserts of China     

LIU Qingsheng  LIU Gaohuan  HUANG Chong  LI He 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2019,(1):151-165

  相似文献   

如何正确使用探空高度代替斜距的方法   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

覃晓玲  黎洁波  韦丽英 《气象研究与应用》2007,28(1):86-87

对L波段探空系统在使用过程中出现近地层斜距因受地物回波影响而失真的情况,探讨软件所提供代替方法的合理性。  相似文献   

水资源及其内涵的研究现状和时间维的探讨   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

成立  刘昌明 《水科学进展》2000,11(2):153-158

随着当今世界所涌出的新理论、新问题,概述了水资源研究出现的若干新形势.换一角度,从时间对水资源研究的作用上重新探讨了水资源的涵义,探讨了水文更新时间及相关理论.  相似文献   

常州市主城区淤积土分布特点及研究意义     

夏云娟  魏庭忠 《岩土工程技术》2012,(5):263-266

常州市主城区不少地段有淤积土分布,其存在对工程建设很不利,掌握其成因及分布特点,对勘察工作采用恰当的勘察手段和合理布置勘察工作量及确定安全、经济合理的地基方案具有指导作用。  相似文献