Globalising initiatives for gender equality and poverty reduction: Exploring ‘failure’ with reference to education and work among urban youth in The Gambia and Ghana     

Gareth A. Jones  Sylvia Chant 《Geoforum》2009,40(2):184-196

This paper focuses on what observers have perceived to be a failure of development leading to a ‘crisis of youth’ as increasing numbers of young people find it more difficult to gain education, access to health, a job and meet standard of living aspirations. For some, a possible escape is offered by migration to Europe, the United States or Australia, often illegally. For those remaining behind, however, international development agencies offer a ‘globalisation of solutions’ to employment, gender inequality and poverty through the millennium development goals and the programmes to attain them. In this paper we do not take the failures of development at face value but look at local contexts to present a more complex picture of the relation between education, work and social life. Based on fieldwork conducted in urban areas of The Gambia and Ghana, we argue that rather than education as a catch-all solution we need to give more attention to the costs incurred by and for young people in pursuing education and training, to the operation of and actual opportunities in labour markets, and to patterns of gender socialisation which give women limited scope to exercise agency. This paper explores key gender dimensions of work and education among low-income urban youth noting that despite on-going efforts to increase young women’s enrolment in schools and access to employment, gender inequalities have been far from eradicated. Our field interviews reveal how social expectations that women should perform the bulk of reproductive labour in their youth as well as in adulthood and constraints placed on young women’s personal freedom in respect of their social relationships reduce time dedicated to education and establish fewer contacts relevant to securing paid employment. The result is for men to end up with more educational qualifications, more skills, and higher-paying jobs, even if unemployment among young people in general remains a major problem.  相似文献   

Flexural isostasy in the Bolivian Andes: Chaco foreland basin development     

Claudia B. Prezzi  Cornelius E. Uba  Hans-Jürgen Gtze 《Tectonophysics》2009,474(3-4):526-543

The Chaco foreland basin was initiated during the late Oligocene as a result of thrusting in the Eastern Cordillera in response to Nazca–South America plate convergence. Foreland basins are the result of the flexural isostatic response of an elastic plate to orogenic and/or thrust sheet loading. We carried out flexural modelling along a W–E profile (21.4°S) to investigate Chaco foreland basin development using new information on ages of foreland basin strata, elastic and sedimentary thicknesses and structural histories. It was possible to reproduce present-day elevation, gravity anomaly, Moho depth, elastic thicknesses, foreland sedimentary thicknesses and the basin geometry. Our model predicted the basin geometry and sedimentary thicknesses for different evolutionary stages. Measured thicknesses and previously proposed depozones were compared with our predictions. Our results shed more light on the Chaco foreland basin evolution and suggest that an apparent decrease in elastic thickness beneath the Eastern Cordillera and the Interandean Zone could have occurred between 14 and 6 Ma.  相似文献   

Reproductive pattern and egg development of the deep-sea crab Paromola cuvieri (Brachyura,Homolidae) around the Canary Islands (NE Atlantic)     

《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2014

This work investigated the biology of Paromola cuvieri in the Atlantic Ocean, including reproductive patterns, sex structure, depth distribution and egg development. Females were more abundant than males, mainly at depths greater than 600 m. Males were dominant in size classes larger than 110 mm carapace width (CW), especially over 120 mm, for which only males were observed. The mean length of both sexes decreased with depth. P. cuvieri appears to have continuous reproduction throughout the year. Large females tend to spawn mainly between summer and winter, but smaller females spawn during the summer. Four maturity categories were identified based on the ovary colour, and these categories were histologically validated. Three categories of testes were identified according to their colour and morphology. Sexual maturity was estimated at sizes between 71.6 and 74.0 mm CW for females and at 91.0 mm CW for males. The relative growth showed changes along the ontogeny, at 73.6 mm CW (females) and 91.3–92.2 mm CW (males). Egg development appears to not be completely synchronous, and two colour patterns can be observed simultaneously. Four stages of egg development were found: eggs undivided and fully filled with yolk in orange egg masses; eggs with a free region of yolk visible in orange or red egg masses; embryos with slightly pigmented, crescent-shaped eyes in brown egg masses; and embryos with visible pigmented structures, enlarged eyes, segmented appendages and abdomen in brown egg masses. The mean number of external eggs carried by females in stage I was estimated to be 315,753±19,267. Three species of barnacle were observed on the exoskeleton: Poecilasma aurantia, Poecilasma crassa and Heteralepas microstoma (Cirripedia, Thoracica).  相似文献   

云纹石斑鱼仔、稚、幼鱼的形态观察          下载免费PDF全文

刘银华  张雅芝  钟幼平  李军  谢仰杰  胡家财 《应用海洋学学报》2016,35(4):514-521

为丰富云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)的基础生物学资料,对云纹石斑鱼早期发育阶段的形态变化进行了观察,对各时期的形态特征与生态习性进行了描述,并详细记录了各时期全长、口裂、第2背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的变化.根据卵黄囊和油球的消失、鳍膜的消退、第2背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的伸缩、鳞片的生长及色素的变化把云纹石斑鱼早期发育阶段胚后发育分为仔鱼期(包括早期仔鱼和晚期仔鱼)、稚鱼期和幼鱼期.在水温26.71±1.26℃的培育条件下,仔鱼4日龄开口摄食;至6日龄,卵黄囊和油球消失,进入晚期仔鱼期;至29日龄,鳍膜消失,进入稚鱼期;至41日龄,鳞片开始长出,至59日龄,稚鱼全身覆盖鳞片,完成变态,进入早期幼鱼期.并发现在生态幅范围内提高培育水温,可以提高生长效率,加快育苗速度.  相似文献   

中国砚石资源及其开发利用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吕麟素 《地质与勘探》1997,33(6):23-28

我国石砚的历史悠久。介绍了我国砚石资源的开发利用史、开发利用现状及砚石资源分布，指出我国砚石资源开发利用前景远大。  相似文献   

区域土地资源配置与社会经济发展   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

张颖 《地域研究与开发》2004,23(6):93-97

文章在阐述土地资源配置与区域社会经济发展的辩证关系的基础上,分别从土地资源供给约束、资源禀赋和利用结构方面探讨了土地资源配置对区域社会经济发展的影响与制约,并对实现十六大提出的全面建设小康社会目标,从土地资源配置角度提出对策与建议。  相似文献   

基于城市竞争力提高的旅游业发展研究--以苏州市为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈眉舞  张京祥 《地域研究与开发》2004,23(5):81-84

中国城市的旅游黄金时代即将到来。城市决策者应当意识到,旅游业的发展并不只是旅游专业部门的事情,旅游业作为一种经济“催化剂”,将成为城市产业发展乃至增强城市竞争力的一个制高点。文章把旅游业发展和城市整体联系起来,以苏州市为例,指出苏州应充分利用其优越的旅游资源,延伸旅游产业的外在价值。最后,从提高城市竞争力的角度,对苏州旅游业的发展提出了战略构想。  相似文献   

经济欠发达地区县域旅游规划的若干思考--以安徽庐江县为例   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

丁娟  焦华富 《地域研究与开发》2004,23(2):76-79

文章论述了各种尺度的旅游规划在全国掀起新一轮高潮的情况下,许多经济欠发达地区争相把旅游业作为区域经济的增长极,试图以此改善自身经济状况。然而,在经济欠发达县域旅游规划中的一些特有问题很值得关注,如:小范围的行政界线对旅游规划的制约作用、客源市场分析方法的独特性以及薄弱的经济基础与旅游开发资金投入之间的矛盾等问题。文章以安徽庐江县为例对上述问题进行了分析,并提出了相应对策。  相似文献   

李官海滩旅游规划的客源市场分析与容量测算   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

荀怡  王欣  杜瑜 《地域研究与开发》2004,23(3):94-97

文章在通过对辽宁省大连市李官海滩的客源市场进行实地调查的基础上,结合引力模型,还考虑到影响李官海滩旅游市场开发的的因素,运用比例缩小法和类比法分析李官海滩旅游规划的客源市场结构,并根据李官现有的旅游环境和设施接待能力,综合分析李官海滩旅游开发的客源容量。对比分析李官客源地的居民生活水平,以距离衰减规律为依据,预测出客源市场规模,并将客源市场进行分级分类。  相似文献   

杭州生态城市建设途径研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈久和 《地域研究与开发》2004,23(4):60-63

文章论述了城市建设首先要遵循可持续发展的原则作为城市可持续发展必然结果的生态城市,就是要在城市社会自然复合生态系统中,通过调节自然环境与社会环境的关系,实现社会、经济及自然的可持续发展、文章以杭州市区为例,剖析了建设生态城市的基本途径。  相似文献