基于SNA的全球电子信息制造业贸易网络演化特征及机理研究     

赵蕾  韦素琼  游小珺 《世界地理研究》2021,30(4):708-720

基于ITC公布的2001、2007、2013年和2018年贸易数据,构建全球电子信息制造业贸易网络,采用社会网络分析法研究全球电子信息制造业贸易网络的演化特征及影响因素。结果表明：（1）电子信息制造业贸易总量增幅较大但增速放缓,贸易地区高度集中且贸易重心向发展中经济体偏移,但未出现明显“多极化”趋势;网络成员间联系渐趋紧密,中心性位居前列的成员基本稳定但整体地位下降;子群内部成员变动较大,尚未出现明显的派系林立现象;网络存在核心-半边缘-边缘结构,核心区与半边缘区内发达经济体地位下降,东亚与东南亚部分经济体的地位上升;中国大陆在网络中已占据重要位置,但中心性仍有较大提升空间,且尚未形成稳定的“朋友圈”。（2）经济规模差异、技术差异、文化差异、劳动力数量差异、陆地接壤对电子信息制造业贸易网络具有较大程度的正向影响,地理距离与物流绩效差异显示较小程度的显著负向影响,需求差异近年来具有较小程度的显著正向影响,制度差异未产生明显的影响。研究结果显示要素禀赋理论与技术差距理论对全球电子信息制造业贸易网络特征有较好的解释力,需求相似理论的解释力比较有限,全球电子信息制造业贸易兼具产业内与产业间的贸易特性。  相似文献   

广西边境民族地区旅游扶贫效率测度与时空演化分析     

徐少癸  方世巧  甘永萍  覃小华 《世界地理研究》2021,30(2):367-377

广西边境民族地区旅游扶贫是我国脱贫攻坚的重要组成部分。通过数据包络分析（DEA）测算广西边境民族地区2011—2017年的旅游扶贫效率,结合Malmquist指数进行跨期动态分析,并运用ArcGIS10.0进行时空演化特征分析。结果表明：1）广西边境民族地区旅游扶贫效率处于中等偏高水平,各县（市、区）旅游扶贫综合效率时空分布差异较大,主要受纯技术效率影响;2）广西边境民族地区整体旅游扶贫Malmquist指数总体处于逐步衰退的趋势,其中规模效率变化指数贡献最大,纯技术效率变化指数次之;3）从投入产出效率角度分析,广西边境民族地区旅游扶贫效率随时间的变化表现出空间集聚态势增强的趋势,聚集程度增加;4）旅游扶贫效率类型主要分为潜力型、发展型、成熟型和衰退型4种类型,少数县（市、区）旅游扶贫效果不明显。  相似文献   

乡村旅游政策变迁影响路径的组态视角研究——基于黄山案例地的定性比较分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张圆刚  黄业坚  余向洋 《地理科学进展》2021,40(3):457-467

在中国制度背景下,乡村旅游的发展与政策变迁紧密相关。论文采用多变量交互作用的清晰集定性比较分析(csQCA)方法,基于多源流理论探索乡村旅游政策变迁的动力机制,分析由组织/领导变更、乡村规划政策变更、本地文化政策变更、东道主居民参与以及旅游市场舆情组成的乡村旅游政策变迁影响的构型。研究发现：① 单项因素影响中,组织/领导的变更对文旅局层面的旅游政策出台产生了更大的影响力,东道主居民参与在市级政策的出台上产生了更大的影响力,但所有单因素均不构成乡村旅游政策变迁的必要条件;② 在可能形成的32条路径组合中,存在4个充分性条件的特定组合路径影响市级层面的乡村旅游政策变迁,3个充分性条件特定组合路径影响文旅局层面的乡村旅游政策变迁;③ 对于市级旅游政策变迁来说,乡村规划政策变更、旅游市场舆情和东道主居民参与具有同等重要的影响力,旅游部门的领导变更在组合中影响力相对较小;④ 对于文旅局层面的政策变更来说,组织领导变更、乡村规划政策变更、本地文化政策变更具有同等重要的影响力,东道主居民参与和旅游市场舆情在路径中影响较小;⑤ 多源流的政策变迁动力下旅游政策的效应涉及社会民生等多领域。研究可为未来政策研究领域的深入与政策制定提供参照。  相似文献   

Sustainable or Not? Tourism Development in Agricultural Heritage Sites     

SUN Yehong  SONG Yuxin  CHEN Yuexin  YAO Cancan  LI Wenhua 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(4):543-554

Tourism is often considered as one of the dynamic conservation and adaptive management approaches in Agricultural Heritage Sites. It has been over 15 years since the GIAHS programme was initiated in China, and tourism developed quickly in the Agricultural Heritage Sites, to some extent because many researchers consider tourism as a significant engine of the local economy. However, this is contrary to the original intention of agricultural heritage tourism as it was proposed in the first place. Apparently, there are some overt problems during the tourism development process, which are mainly as follows: Some threats to Agricultural Heritage Systems are ubiquitous; The tourism development mode in Agricultural Heritage Sites is questionable; Community involvement is difficult to implement; And the negative environmental impacts are easy to overlook. Under the context of global development, the UNWTO sustainable tourism criteria provide some guidance for agricultural heritage tourism. Based on the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria, combined with previous survey experiences and related researches, this paper analyzes the tourism sustainability of all the 15 GIAHS sites in China, and explores the current sustainable tourism development level. On this basis, an agricultural heritage sustainable tourism development framework was built in an attempt to find the road to sustainability for agricultural heritage tourism. The framework in the global and local contexts is trying to connect all the important elements related to agricultural heritage tourism according to the UNWTO sustainable tourism criteria.  相似文献   

价值与异质性:选择实验下的滨海游憩环境评价     

韦健华 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(1):80-90

海岸公园环境管理作为重要的生态经济发展问题,在制定有效政策时,相关信息至关重要,尤其是与娱乐或游憩相关的环境属性经济价值评价。本文以大连沿海公园为研究区域,选取海滩类型、垃圾情况、水质清澈度、拥挤程度四个环境要素,采用三种离散选择模型对游客的环境改善支付意愿(Willingness to pay,WTP)进行了估算。研究发现水质改善和减少垃圾的经济价值最高,分别为40.69元和70.55元,另外,游客对于拥挤程度的改善意愿不明显(–0.12元)。此外,本研究针对公园属性组合对受访者偏好及异质性进行了分析,结果表明,在给定的属性因素中,不同游客个体特征下的WTP存在显著的异质性,女性游客较男性对水质改善有着更高的WTP,游客收入水平与支付意愿也有明显的正相关性,从事游泳和划船活动的游客对水质的WTP较高(59.83元)。这些发现为沿海公园管理者制定有价值的政策提供了有用的信息。  相似文献   

Resident Willingness to Pay for Ecotourism Resources and Associated Factors in Sanjiangyuan National Park,China     

MA Ting  MIN Qingwen  XU Kun  SANG Weiguo 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(5):693-706

Willingness to Pay (WTP), Willingness to Work (WTW) and Willingness to Accept Compensation (WTA) are the three quantitative criteria for assessing local ecological asset values for the social aspects of ecosystem services and residents’ willingness to contribute to and receive compensation for tourism ecology. The objectives of this study are to estimate the residents’ willingness to pay, work and accept compensation for conservation at Sanjiangyuan National Park, and to analyze the relationship between residents’ attitude towards tourism ecology and the ecological assets of the National Park based on a standard questionnaire survey. The dichotomous choice Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was employed to determine the willingness. The survey conducted in 2018 collected WTP, WTW, WTA, socio-demFographical information, social trust and resident perceptions toward tourism impacts and relevant management strategies from 244 residents in two counties. Based on generalized linear modeling, income and education level are important for residents’ WTP and WTA, but other social characteristics, such as gender and age, do not have significant effects. The social trust is found to be a significant factor on residents’ willingness, despite the limitation on education level. Also, government funding is associated with residents’ inclination to WTP, WTW and WTA, but the support levels differ among the two counties due to geographical and social heterogeneities. The estimated WTP, WTW and WTA for the Sanjiangyuan National Park in 2018 were 1.2448×10 ⁷ yuan, 1.247×10 ⁶ hours and 2.3232×10 ⁷ yuan yr ^-1 based on the survey and published demographics. This study, for the first time, estimates the WTP, WTW and WTA for the Sanjiangyuan National Park and informs ecological conservation managers and policy makers. Ultimately, to maintain the long-term benefits arising from sustainable development, compensation should be specifically tailored and site-dependent, and development measures based on local resources should be adopted by governments to actively support eco-tourism activities.  相似文献   

Research Methodology for Tourism Destination Resilience and Analysis of Its Spatiotemporal Dynamics in the Post-epidemic Period     

FENG Ling  GUO Jiaxin  LIU Yi 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(5):682-692

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, the global tourism industry is facing enormous challenges. There is an urgent need to explore an effective path for tourism to recover and revitalize. With the normalization of the epidemic, tourism destinations will pay more attention to the prevention, warning, and coping strategies of the epidemic, and this focus will also be evident in the study of tourism destination resilience in the post-epidemic period. Some studies on the epidemic and the resilience of tourism are currently underway, but few of them are integrated with research on the resilience of tourism destinations in the post-epidemic period, although no systematic research ideas or methods have been found. Based on resilience theory, this paper summarizes the general research ideas and develops an epidemic resilience model suitable for urban tourism destinations. The present study also proposes a set of research methods based on the index system to analyze the resilience and its spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of tourism destinations in the post-epidemic period. The methodology can be divided into three stages: Firstly, construct the conceptual model and evaluation system for tourism destination resilience; Secondly, select case sites for empirical analysis, measure the resilience of tourism destinations, and analyze the characteristics of spatiotemporal differences and subsequent factors of influence; And finally, establish an adaptive management mechanism for tourism destinations to use in response to the epidemic and in guiding the formulation of post-epidemic recovery policies.  相似文献   

中国入境旅游碳足迹时空特征与演化研究     

韩志勇  李涛  刘喜梅 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(1):56-67

据统计,旅游碳排放已占全球碳排放总量的4.9%,加强对其研究和控制是关乎人类能否可持续发展的重要命题。本文基于地理学的视角,研究了中国2007年到2017年间30个省、市、自治区入境旅游碳足迹时空分布的特征和演化规律。在利用碳足迹综合计算模型和空间分析方法基础上,深入揭示了中国入境旅游碳足迹的时空分布特征及演化规律。结果表明,2007年到2017年间,中国入境旅游碳足迹呈现急速上升又稍有回落的趋势,总量从562.30万t上升到1088.09万t,增长1.94倍,其中交通和邮电业占比最大;近十年来我国多数省市的入境旅游碳足迹变异程度不高,维持在较平稳的状态;空间维度上,则呈现东南向西北方向递减趋势。  相似文献   

基于Voronoi模型的海南岛旅游资源集合体空间边界提取   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张桐艳  王英杰  张生瑞  王莹莹  虞虎  王凯 《地理学报》2021,76(6):1553-1569

旅游资源是旅游业发展的物质条件,是开展各项旅游活动的载体和基础。旅游资源分类方法和评价理论研究已取得了较大的进展,但在旅游资源调查与规划实践中,以有研究通常将一个景区或大规模地理实体与小规模实体在同一个标准下衡量与对比,未考虑旅游资源的地理空间尺度特征。不同尺度的旅游地域空间,旅游资源评价、规划方法及其开发方向都不同。本文目的是通过梳理不同尺度旅游资源空间单元概念,对最难界定的集合体进行空间识别。基于集合体的概念认知,利用空间语义关系构建本体概念模型,提出了不同类型旅游资源集合体的空间边界提取方法。鉴于此,以海南岛为例进行实证研究,运用空间语义关系构建3种不同类型的旅游资源本体概念模型,在此基础上对不同类型旅游资源集合体进行条件约束判断,并利用泰森多边形与缓冲区分析方法对其进行空间识别。与规划范围结果对比发现,该方法可较好地近似表达旅游资源集合体空间边界及空间关系。每种类型的集合体空间语义关系存在树状层次结构,包含2个层次,空间形态呈多边形和带状分布。研究方法具有可操作性,能够为旅游规划与管理提供科学参考。  相似文献   

全球高端航运服务业的时空演化及影响因素分析     

王列辉  张楠翌  林羽珊 《地理研究》2021,40(3):708-724

发展高端航运服务业是港口城市产业转型的重要着力点。基于劳合社海事企业名录,利用连锁网络、回归模型等,研究1982—2018年全球高端航运服务业节点城市和城际联系的空间演变及影响因素。结果表明：① 全球高端航运服务业骨架由“T”字型向“大三角形”转变,网络重心不断东移,欧洲、地中海和亚太地区构成的东西向市场是其发展主线。② 节点城市的网络地位提升与该城市和前序城市建立的联系强度有密切关系,与覆盖的市场范围联系不大。③ 高端航运服务业的区位选择主要受资本、技术和市场的共同影响,其布局临近客户和市场,倾向于知识密集型的产业集聚。④ 集装箱吞吐量和地区宏观经济对高端航运服务业布局的显著性增强,人口数量、港口和行政中心的显著性消失。  相似文献