旅游孤岛效应演化机理研究——以云南普者黑旅游区为例     

田里  刘亮 《地理科学》2021,41(1):22-32

以云南省文山壮族苗族自治州丘北县普者黑旅游区为案例地,基于旅游地利益相关者之间的博弈关系,构建了旅游孤岛效应演化模型,探讨旅游区与周边社区相互关系及其影响的演化机理,揭示旅游孤岛效应如何实现从弱到强的转变过渡。结论显示,按博弈关系、空间形态等可将普者黑旅游区发展划分为起步、成长、孤立、对立4个阶段,对应着旅游孤岛效应演化的初化、兴化、孤化、激化4个过程,反映了旅游孤岛效应从差异状态向阻滞状态再向对立状态的演变并呈现不同阶段特征。演化过程与表现是在极化效应与扩散效应共同影响、循环作用下的结果,极化效应受资源空间非均质性驱动,扩散效应因空间封闭而受阻。在极化效应、扩散效应的强弱对比下,普者黑旅游区旅游孤岛效应形成,导致要素聚集、边界固化,进而使极化效应、扩散效应继续发挥作用,普者黑旅游区旅游孤岛效应因而演化进入激化阶段,爆发旅游冲突事件。类似的对立与冲突现象在国内外时有发生,因而旅游孤岛效应演化机理研究从空间和权力维度上深化了旅游区与周边社区关系机理分析。  相似文献   

试论中国旅游地域类型的演进模式   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

范今朝 《地理研究》2000,19(1):22-29

从旅游地理学和历史地理学的角度,研究了中国旅游这一宏观社会历史现象。以旅游活动中人地关系的演变为中心,首先按照影响旅游活动的主导因素及其价值取向的不同,对中国旅游发展进行了历史分期;相应地,提出了中国旅游地域类型的演进模式,即:经商求知阶段——都市旅行型;崇拜事功阶段——朝圣巡礼型;审美抒情阶段——风景观光型;艺术把玩阶段——园林游赏型;外部植入阶段——消闲娱乐型;政府主导阶段——疗养休憩型;市场推进阶段——度假运动型;自主选择阶段——生态探险型。  相似文献   

Autotomy in porcelain crabs is an effective escape mechanism from rockfish predation     

Matthew L. Knope  Ralph J. Larson 《Marine Ecology》2014,35(4):471-477

Porcelain crabs possess a ‘hair‐trigger’ propensity to autotomize their chelipeds (claws), and laboratory studies have demonstrated that this ability is highly effective in avoiding predation from other crabs. However, porcelain crabs are also subject to predation from fishes, which use a very different means of capture. In this study, we investigated whether autotomy in porcelain crabs is also effective against predation by fishes. To do this, we examined stomach‐contents data from four common species of kelp‐forest rockfishes and determined the frequency of disassociated chelipeds (those with no associated bodies) in porcelain crabs and in brachyuran crabs, which do not readily autotomize their chelipeds. We found that disassociated chelipeds of porcelain crabs were six times as common as those of brachyuran crabs (35% of the remains of all porcelain crabs versus 6% of the remains of all brachyuran crabs). We interpret this difference to be evidence that, through autotomy, porcelain crabs escaped ingestion of their entire bodies, and thus certain mortality, at a higher rate than did brachyuran crabs. We conclude that autotomy constituted an effective escape strategy from rockfish predation. This evidence, in conjunction with previous studies, suggests that autotomy of chelipeds in porcelain crabs is an effective anti‐predatory strategy against phylogenetically disparate predatory groups.  相似文献   

长江口及其邻近海域溶解硒的地球化学控制过程研究     

吴晓丹  宋金明  吴斌  李铁刚  李学刚 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(10):19-29

Dissolved selenium in the Changjiang(Yangtze) Estuary and its adjacent waters was determined by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry to elucidate the source, behavior in estuary, adsorption-desorption process and biological role. In surface water, Se(IV) concentration ranged 0.05–1.14 nmol/L and Se(VI) concentration varied 0.01–1.20 nmol/L, with the means of 0.76 and 0.49 nmol/L, respectively. In bottom water, Se(IV) content varied 0.03–0.27 nmol/L and Se(VI) content ranged 0.04–0.85 nmol/L, with the averages of 0.10 and 0.40 nmol/L, respectively. High level of Se(IV) was observed near the shore with a significant decrease towards the open sea, suggesting the continental input from the adjacent rivers. Large value of Se(VI) was found in bottom water, reflecting the release from suspended sediment. Besides, high value appeared in the same latitude of the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay illustrated the effect of lateral mixing and the long-distance transport of selenium. Se(VI), more soluble, occupied higher percentage in aqueous environment. The presence of Se(IV) resulted from the degradation of residue and the reduction of Se(VI) under anaerobic condition. The positive relationship to suspended particulate material(SPM) and negative correlation to depth indicated that Se(IV) tended to be released from the high density particulate matter. Instead, Se(VI) content did not significantly relate to SPM since it generally formed inner-sphere complex to iron hydroxide. Se(IV) content negatively varied to salinity and largely depended on the freshwater dilution and physical mixing. While, Se(VI) level deviated from the dilution line due to the in situ biogeochemical process such as removal via phytoplankton uptake and inputs via organic matter regeneration. As the essential element, Se(IV) was confirmed more bioavailable to phytoplankton growth than Se(VI), and moreover, seemed to be more related to phosphorus than to nitrogen.  相似文献   

基于行为分析的钓鱼页面检测技术研究     

赵功勋  陈运  杨义先 《成都信息工程学院学报》2014,29(5):464-470

针对通过黑白名单匹配的检测方法检测钓鱼页面准确率低的特点,提出基于钓鱼者行为的图状链接结构特征,对钓鱼页面进行分析,引入数据挖掘的频繁子图挖掘算法,对数据库中积累的数万个钓鱼页面进行子图模式挖掘,提取钓鱼页面的共同子图结构特征,检测网络钓鱼行为。实验结果发现,在加入了子图特征的钓鱼页面检测方法中,检出率能达到80%.因此,基于行为的钓鱼页面检测提高了钓鱼页面检测的能力,并且挖掘出的子图模式为钓鱼者的行为提供了依据。  相似文献   

Positive and negative spillover of pro-environmental behavior: An integrative review and theoretical framework     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

A recent surge of research has investigated the potential of pro-environmental behavior interventions to affect other pro-environmental behaviors not initially targeted by the intervention. The evidence evaluating these spillover effects has been mixed, with some studies finding evidence for positive spillover (i.e., one pro-environmental behavior increases the likelihood of performing additional pro-environmental behaviors) and others finding negative spillover (i.e., one pro-environmental behavior decreases the likelihood of additional pro-environmental behaviors). Different academic disciplines have investigated this question, employing different methodologies and arriving at divergent findings. This paper provides a unifying theoretical framework and uses the framework to review the existing research on pro-environmental behavior spillover. Our framework identifies different decision modes as competing mechanisms that drive adoption of initial pro-environmental behaviors, with different consequences for subsequent pro-environmental behaviors, leading to positive, negative, or no spillover. Attribution of the initial pro-environmental behavior to either an external motivator (e.g., a price signal) or internal motivator (e.g., self-identity) also matters. In addition, the characteristics of and similarity between initial and subsequent pro-environmental behaviors can be expected to moderate predicted spillover effects. We explore the implications of our model for policymakers and practitioners, and suggest key areas where future research on the topic would be most beneficial.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Thermally-Induced Near-Surface Flows over An Enclosed Crater： Observations of the Meteor Crater Experiment（METCRAX）          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Lin-Lin  GUO Xiao-Feng  WAN Bing-Cheng 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(2):162-167

Meteorological measurements of the Meteor Crater Experiment（METCRAX） were used to analyze the characteristics of the thermally-induced flows over an enclosed crater（Arizona, USA）. Despite its relatively small size, this crater acts as an effective wind shelter. Daytime upslope winds and nocturnal downslope flows are regularly observed on its west/east sidewalls. The times of diurnal wind-direction shift（i.e., around sunrise and sunset） were slightly mismatched between the sites based on the east and west sidewalls, owing to the crater＇s shadowing effects. Under conditions of relatively weak synoptic forcing, the nocturnal downslope flows prevail throughout the night, despite quite a low wind velocity near the surface. ？  相似文献   

Mix design and expansion behavior of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite     

MAN Teng  WANG Boxin  JIN Henan  QIU Jianhui 《世界地质(英文版)》2014,17(2):99-104

Sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite is proved to be one of the most effective ways to prevent concrete cracking too soon． Mix design of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite complete- ly depends on experience and experiments at present． This method ignores the influence of expansion behavior which hinders the application of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite． The workability,free ex- pansion property,flexural strength and compressive strength of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious com- posite have been investigated by tests． The relationship between expansion ratio and mix design parameters such as curing age,water-cement ratio and cement abundance coefficient is deduced according to the experimental statistics． A new simplified approach to mix design of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite is pro- posed as a reference for construction application,which avoids experiments and experience．  相似文献   

Contrasting behaviors of ²¹⁰Po, ²¹⁰Pb and ²³⁴Th in the East China Sea during a severe red tide: Enhanced scavenging and promoted fractionation     

Qiangqiang Zhong  Linwei Li  Viena Puigcorbé  Dekun Huang  Tao Yu  Jinzhou Du 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(8):5-21

210Po, 210Pb, and 234Th were determined in water columns of the East China Sea (ECS) to investigate their biogeochemical behaviors during a severe red tide event. Dissolved 210Po, 210Pb, and 234Th accounted for large fractions of the total phases. The abnormally high concentrations of dissolved 210Pb were observed. Partition behaviors of these radionuclides were influenced by particle content effect and particle composition based on distribution coefficient (K_d) vs. total suspended matter (TSM) content and K_d vs. ratios of particulate organic carbon and total suspended matter contents (POC/TSM content ratios). The peaks of mass specific activities of 210Po, 210Pb, and 234Th indicated that degraded particles could have an intensified enrichment ability for radionuclides compared with the surficial suspended matters. Fractionation factor of 210Po and 210Pb (F_Po/Pb) (>1) and fractionation factor of 210Po and 234Th (F_Po/Th) (>1) were much higher at algal blooming regions than that at non-blooming stations, indicating that algal blooms promoted the fractionation of 210Po against 210Pb and 234Th, and proving that 210Po exhibited a stronger affinity for biogenic particles than 210Pb and 234Th when POC content increased in the sea. POC/210Po, POC/210Pb and POC/234Th ratios (content/activity ratios) sharply decreased with depth in both algal bloom and non-bloom stations. The outbreak of algal bloom promoted the complexity of suspended particles and increased the variability of POC/tracer ratios (content/activity ratios) in the different depth of the shallow seas. More considerations should be taken to the difficulty of the selection of export interface and the suitable tracers when algal blooming occurs.  相似文献   

以实践为导向的旅游地返贫机制分析框架构建     

冯楚瑶  翁时秀 《地理研究》2023,42(2):312-331

防范返贫风险、实现可持续减贫是“后扶贫时代”原贫困旅游地巩固脱贫成效的重点工作。本文以实践为导向,以旅游减贫经典理论为骨架,整合多学科返贫研究成果,构建旅游地返贫机制分析框架。该框架建立了旅游返贫类型体系,指明了返贫风险可能的发生途径与机制。框架指出：扶贫机制不完善将导致机会、增权、保障3个关键因素不同程度的缺失,这些缺失将通过直接效应、间次效应或动态效应三种路径导致低资产返贫、低增长返贫、再结构返贫或暂时性返贫的产生。文章进而给出分析框架的实际应用步骤,以指导旅游减贫实践者检视返贫风险、判断可能的返贫类型结果、阻断返贫发生路径,为脱贫地区旅游可持续发展及返贫风险防范提供了指引。尽管以解决实践问题、提高实践效率、降低实践成本为导向,但该框架也能在理论上指引未来的旅游地返贫研究面向现实需求,探索是否有更优的返贫分类方法、是否有需要补充的返贫成因、是否有新的返贫路径等问题,有助于明确该领域的未来研究方向。  相似文献