次区域合作及其发展的成因——一个跨学科视角的分析     

胡志丁  骆华松  夏显芳  阳茂庆 《世界地理研究》2010,19(2):34-41

次区域合作诞生于20世纪80年代末、90年代初,但从一开始起对"次区域"及"次区域合作"的理解就存在许多不同的见解。同时由于次区域合作涉及边境地区,合作的领域又极其广泛,对次区域合作产生的成因没有定论。本文对"次区域"及"次区域合作"的定义重新做了界定,对次区域合作的分类及其相互影响、特征等作了阐述,并且从经济学、国际关系学、国际贸易学和地缘政治学等不同学科角度对次区域合作发展的成因进行了理论解释,以期促使我国更好的参与周边次区域合作。  相似文献   

设计院管理信息化建设的体会     

徐欣 《中国勘察设计》2009,(11):69-72

通过管理信息平台和图纸打印收集归档利用系统的综合信息化管理,改变了原先不能及时有效得到各专业的实际生产状况和信息不能及时共享的问题,实现了项目管理的每个环节都有可供查询的信息,项目管理人员可随时利用管理信息平台对相关信息和数据进行分析,并形成分析报表,辅助决策。同时通过图纸打印收集归档利用系统对电子图纸进行辅助管理,使设计人员高效快速地对于既往图纸查询、利用。浙江工业大学建筑规划设计研完院的管理信息系统与协同设计工具（图纸打印收集归档利用系统）通过近两年的综合运行,有效降低了设计成本和管理成本,提高了设计人员的生产效率和项目管理人员的管理水平,这种全新的综合应用方式和技术思路有广泛的实用价值和借鉴作用。  相似文献   

伊犁河跨界流域土地利用变化特征分析     

蔡明勇  杨胜天  周秋文  董国涛 《世界地理研究》2013,(3):151-159

土地利用变化引发的水资源问题往往成为跨界流域各国矛盾的焦点,如何充分考虑跨界流域的特殊性和复杂性,对土地利用变化研究提出了新的要求。本文利用 MODIS产品提取了伊犁河流域2001-2009年土地利用数据,划分流域的产水/耗水区,结合流域跨界特点分析其土地利用变化特征。研究时段内,伊犁河流域土地利用以农田和天然植被为主,农田总面积有所下降,天然植被面积基本稳定。其中上中游产水区林地出现萎缩,草地面积增幅较大;中游水库耗水区内农田大幅度转化为天然植被;下游三角洲耗水区土地利用开发受限,人类干预程度下降。产流区内中国农田面积相对境外持续增加,而天然植被面积相对境外则持续缩小。受制度影响,哈萨克斯坦境内土地利用变化波动明显,中国境内土地利用变化幅度相对稳定。  相似文献   

The key indicators of transboundary water apportionment based on international laws and cases   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯彦  何大明  李运刚 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(4):710-720

Transboundary water, more competitive utilization and uncertain availability under the globalization trend, the issue of its apportionment which directly impacts national benefits of each riparian state is becoming one of the important topics in the world. Water is scarce in China, the most important upstream state in Asia, and this task has to be thought over in the coming future. Based on ＂International Freshwater Treaties Database＂ （1820-2007） by Oregon State University, and publications and reports on transboundary water utilization and management since 1999, 28 indicators of water apportionment adopted in 49 international treaties and cases in 1864-2002 are divided into 6 types, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the adopted indicators are analyzed in order to find the key indicator（s） of transboundary water apportionment. The major results include： the major adopted indicators, have significant differences among 5 regions/continents, the indicators at rank first and second place in the developed region （North America and Europe） according to the adopted times are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂, but in the developing region （Asia, Africa and South America）, the ranking order of the above two indicators is reversed; the major adopted indicators in the watersheds with insufficient water are ＂mean annual runoff＂ and ＂keeping minimum water flow＂, the ones in the watersheds with sufficient water are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂; the international treaties signed from the first phase to the fourth phase, the developing process shows a progress of ＂fewer-increasing a lot-decreasing rapidly-equation basically＂, the regional distribution of the treaties shifts mainly from the developed region to the developing one, especially to Asia and Africa; the major adopted indicators shifts from ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1864-1945, to ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂ in 1946-1971, then to ＂hydraulic facility operation＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1972-1991, and finally to ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1992-2002, the process shows similar a loop. Finally, the key indicator on transboundary water apportionment can be determined as ＂keeping minimum water flow＂.  相似文献   

亚洲大洋洲区域综合地球观测系统计划进展     

顾行发  周翔  张松梅  施建成  柳钦火  唐新明  贾立  唐丹玲  李国庆  牛铮  余涛  刘闯  邱玉宝  张弛  刘毅  刘九良  仲波  周杰  游冬琴 《遥感学报》2018,22(4):658-671

亚洲大洋洲区域综合地球观测系统是为实现国际地球观测组织总体战略目标而设立的区域地球观测合作计划,旨在面向亚大区域国家对地球观测技术的应用需求,保障亚大区域地球观测空间信息的精准获取与主动服务,增强地球观测技术支撑区域可持续发展的综合能力。该计划由地球观测组织亚大区域成员国共同提出,并对亚大地区的所有国家和参与组织开放。通过国际地球观测组织亚大区域政府间合作机制,在国家、区域和全球层面建立有效的合作框架,积极协调区域内的地球观测资源设施的互联互通、技术合作与共享服务,促进亚大区域国家在社会经济关键领域的应用,共同应对可持续发展、全球变化和重大灾害的挑战。  相似文献   

Annual runoff estimation—an example of karstic aquifers in the transboundary region of Croatia and Slovenia     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):314-324

Abstract

An approach to the global estimation of water balance elements and their spatial distribution using GIS is presented. It is primarily related to the catchments where measured data are scarce and the spatial differentiation of the hydrological characteristics is not possible without climatological data. Emphasis is placed on estimating the water balance of transboundary karstic aquifers, where problems concerning the hydrometeorological data, catchment boundaries and determination of water balance elements in general are far more complex. The runoff estimation was done using the Turc and Langbein methods, which are the most frequently applied in this region. The years 1961–1990 were used as the reference period. Based on comparison of the results, the applicability of the methods is discussed. The approach proposed is suitable for estimation of water balance in the study area and may also be applied in a wider region.  相似文献   

The Interannual Variation of Transboundary Contributions from Chinese Emissions of PM_(2.5) to South Korea     

Xiao HAN  Meigen ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(5):701-706

In recent years,several studies pointed out that anthropogenic emission sources in China which significantly contribute to the PM_2.5mass burden was an important cause of particulate pollution in South Korea.However,most studies generally focused upon a single pollution event.It is rare to see comprehensive research that captures those features prone to interannual variations concerning the transboundary pollutant contribution in South Korea using a unified method.In this paper,we establish the emission inventories covering East Asia in 2010,2015,and 2017,and then conduct the source apportionment by applying a coupled regional air quality model called the Integrated Source Apportionment Module(ISAM).Comparison of simulated and observed PM_2.5mass concentration at 165 CNEMC(China National Environmental Monitoring Center)sites suggests that the PM_2.5concentrations are well represented by the modeling system.The model is used to quantitatively investigate the contribution from emission sources in China to PM_2.5concentrations over South Korea and those features found to be prone to interannual variations are then discussed.The results show that the average annual contribution of PM_2.5has dropped significantly from 28.0%in 2010 to 15.7%in 2017,which strongly suggests that China has achieved remarkable results in the treatment of atmospheric particulates.  相似文献   

关于加强中缅地质矿产合作勘查开发的思考     

李光斗 《地球学报》2013,34(S1):177-182

加强中缅地质矿产勘查开发战略合作, 对于推动中缅全面战略合作伙伴关系持续健康稳定发展, 促进云南“桥头堡”建设具有重要意义。本文在全面分析加强中缅地质矿产合作勘查开发的基础与条件、机遇与挑战的基础上, 就如何加强中缅地质矿产勘查开发战略合作提出一些构想, 包括合作的基本思路、基本原则、主要目标及近几年合作的主要任务。  相似文献   

全球原油贸易网络视角下的亚洲溢价与中日印韩原油潜在竞争关系     

孙健  吴康  杨宇 《世界地理研究》2022,31(6):1240-1250

随着全球原油贸易关系的复杂化和亚洲原油需求的上升,全球能源市场的“亚洲溢价”现象成为需要关注的议题。本文基于全球石油贸易网络复杂性视角,选取1993—2018年国际原油贸易数据进行样本数据考察,通过构建复杂网络模型和潜在竞争指数,对全球原油贸易网络中的亚洲溢价现象和中日印韩四国潜在竞争力进行分析。结果表明：全球原油贸易集团分化交融,中日印韩呈现出贸易集团化的趋势。从全球原油贸易网络指标来看,中日印韩四国在全球原油贸易网络地位和影响力不断提升,有力推动了全球原油消费中心向亚太地区转移。潜在竞争指数表明,中国与日本、印度、韩国的潜在原油竞争关系呈现出不同特征,中日表现出“先强后弱”的特点,而中印、中韩表现为整体持续增强的特征。  相似文献   

跨界旅游区的组织网络结构与合作模型——以大别山天堂寨为例   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

杨效忠  张捷  乌铁红 《地理学报》2009,64(8):978-988

跨界旅游区是旅游发展潜力大而管理对象复杂的地理单元,成为旅游地理学区域性研究新焦点。立足于组织际关系(IORs)和社会网络理论方法视角,剖析出跨界旅游区空间合作行为实质为跨界旅游组织之间接触交流的网络构建和重组。在相应的社会网络评价指标体系建立的基础上,对大别山天堂寨跨界旅游区网络结构和跨界合作进行实证分析,并经核心—边缘模型验证,表明:①从网络密度看,天堂寨整体网络密度较局域网络密度小,呈现出行政区内的强联结和行政区之间的弱联结,网络结构洞特征凸显;低层级行政区之间网络密度大于高层级行政区之间的网络密度;跨界维度越多,网络密度越小,说明跨界旅游活动存在显著的边界效应。②从网络节点中心度看,局域中心度最大,整体中心度次之,边界中心度最小,从一个侧面印证了旅游行政区经济存在且相当强势。③根据Francisco的组织际合作关系整合模型,发现天堂寨跨界旅游合作处于由弱合作阶段向中合作阶段过渡。进一步降低交易成本,增加各方共识度,营造良好的外部环境,采取组建跨界旅游联盟,进而提高跨界合作强度,是实现天堂寨跨界旅游区可持续发展的重要途径。  相似文献