中国跨境水资源的脆弱性及其影响因子   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

冯彦  何大明 《地理学报(英文版)》2009,19(2):189-199

Competitive use of transboundary freshwater resources is becoming one of the key factors influencing regional peace and political relationship among states. In China, 18 major international river basins are concentrated in three regions, of which the total annual outflow at the border is 7320×10⁸ m³, occupying 26.8% of the total annual runoff of China, and the inflow at the border is only 172×10⁸ m³. In this paper, we analyzed the major drivers affecting shared water vulnerability in China, namely: (1) changes in physical conditions affecting the availability of water; (2) competing objectives between economic development and ecological conservation; (3) lack of emergency response mechanisms; (4) unsound administrative institutions; and (5) shortcomings in the development of regional cooperation based on transboundary waters. We concluded by identifying four pathways for reducing vulnerability: (1) encouraging scientific research cooperation; (2) constructing information-sharing channels; (3) establishing early-warning mechanisms; and (4) promoting further coordination and negotiation. Foundation: The National Key Project for Basic Research on Ecosystem Changes in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region and Transboundary Eco-security of Southwest China, No.2003CB415105 Author: Feng Yan (1967–), Ph.D and Professor, specialized in coordinated management of international river basins related to international water law and water policy, natural resources sustainable uses in mountainous areas.  相似文献   

Dinarides东南部跨界岩溶含水层的特性     

PetarMilanovi? 《中国岩溶》2009,28(2):123-134

Dinarides南部是世界上岩溶发育最强烈的地区之一,同时也是欧洲降水量最大的地区。区内碳酸盐岩沉积厚度大于300m,平均岩溶发育深度从250m 至350m,沿断裂发育的岩溶,甚至更深。地下水平均流速变化较大,从0.002 cm/s至55.2cm/s。地下水滞留时间很短,水位变化非常迅速,变幅高达312m。地下水位对强降雨的响应小于4小时。岩溶大泉的主要特征是管道出口深,最大最小流量变化大。区内发育的落水洞有成千上百个,其中一些落水洞排水能力超过100m3/s,规模巨大并被洪水暂时淹没的岩溶坡立谷闻名世界各地。泉水天然流量和野生动物生存环境的改变,特别是当地特有物种的破坏,已经成为新近许多岩溶工程项目的焦点议题。由于该区极其复杂的水文地理和政治环境,不同国度间的跨界含水层似乎是一个非常敏感的问题。   相似文献   

辽宁沿海经济一体化发展研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

满强  宋玉祥  陈晓红 《世界地理研究》2009,18(1):61-66

辽宁沿海经济带是中国最具发展潜力的经济区域之一,沿海六城市产业、生产要素、交通基础设施、旅游资源具有互补性,区域之间通达性强,具备一体化合作发展的基础,但在辽宁沿海经济带建设过程中．还存在着体制性障碍与地方保护主义、产业同构竞争和利益博弈等制约沿海经济带发展的因素。本文分析辽宁沿海经济带合作基础和存在问题,在此基础上提出沿海经济一体化发展的对策和建议。  相似文献   

中俄蒙跨边界次区域矿产资源合作开发机制与模式研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王楠  张本明 《世界地理研究》2009,18(3):18-25

本文以区域经济地理学为理论基础．采用实证分析的方法．结合东北经济区现实发展条件,通过分析中俄蒙三国毗邻地区矿产资源合作的区位条件、贸易条件、资源互补条件及开发现状,探讨区域合作深入发展的制约机制与优化机制,并结合实证研究总结出政府主导型、大型国有企业合作型和民营企业境外拓展型三种中俄蒙跨边界矿产资源合作开发模式。  相似文献   

中非旅游合作的现状和未来   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

骆高远  陆林 《地理科学》2009,29(2)

中非合作论坛北京峰会的成功召开表明,中国愿意与非洲国家共同努力,尽快摆脱贫困,共享发展成果,走向共同富裕.从非洲概况和非洲旅游资源的优势、特征及旅游市场的现状和未来着手,针对非洲旅游市场存在的问题,提出中非旅游合作的思路和对策.对当代非洲旅游开展全方位的研究,就是为开展全方位中非旅游合作作准备;为尽快摆脱贫困,共享发展成果,走向共同富裕献计献策.  相似文献   

蒙古的经济发展与东北亚经济合作     

李秀敏 《世界地理研究》2000,9(3):37-42

90年代以来,蒙古对外经济联系格局发生了显著变化,东北地区日益成为蒙古对外经济联系的首选地区。本文从蒙古参与东北亚经济合作的必然性、与东北亚经济合作的态势、在图们江地区开发中的地位和作用三个方面分析了蒙古参与东北亚经济合作的趋势及其在东北亚经济合作中的地位和作用,并论述了蒙古经济发展的战略选择。  相似文献   

关于主题旅游协作网络建设的探讨——以"霞客行"旅游网络为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

彭华  赵飞  王华 《热带地理》2007,27(5):472-476,482

旅游协作是旅游系统本身的要素关联,是其客观属性和发展的必然。主题旅游协作是以某一个主题为"红线",将相关旅游要素组织起来形成一个旅游协作组织形式。目前关于旅游协作研究中很少涉及主题旅游协作。文中以"霞客行"旅游网络计划为例,讨论了名人故居旅游地开发中,重视物质性遗产开发,忽略非物质性品牌利用所导致的"大品牌,小产品"的问题,提出了利用虚实结合手法,通过主题品牌运作,构建综合性主题旅游协作网络的构想。旨在通过一个产品网络、一个市场网络、一个学术网络和一个虚拟网络的运作来充分发挥徐霞客品牌的纽带作用,以此推动相关主题旅游地协作单位之间的产品共享和市场共享,从而实现协作体系的效益最大化。  相似文献   

The Interannual Variation of Transboundary Contributions from Chinese Emissions of PM_(2.5) to South Korea     

Xiao HAN  Meigen ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(5):701-706

In recent years,several studies pointed out that anthropogenic emission sources in China which significantly contribute to the PM_2.5mass burden was an important cause of particulate pollution in South Korea.However,most studies generally focused upon a single pollution event.It is rare to see comprehensive research that captures those features prone to interannual variations concerning the transboundary pollutant contribution in South Korea using a unified method.In this paper,we establish the emission inventories covering East Asia in 2010,2015,and 2017,and then conduct the source apportionment by applying a coupled regional air quality model called the Integrated Source Apportionment Module(ISAM).Comparison of simulated and observed PM_2.5mass concentration at 165 CNEMC(China National Environmental Monitoring Center)sites suggests that the PM_2.5concentrations are well represented by the modeling system.The model is used to quantitatively investigate the contribution from emission sources in China to PM_2.5concentrations over South Korea and those features found to be prone to interannual variations are then discussed.The results show that the average annual contribution of PM_2.5has dropped significantly from 28.0%in 2010 to 15.7%in 2017,which strongly suggests that China has achieved remarkable results in the treatment of atmospheric particulates.  相似文献   

Tree‐ring records unveil long‐term influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on snowpack dynamics in the Stikine River basin,northern British Columbia     

Cedar Welsh  Dan J. Smith  Bethany Coulthard 《水文研究》2019,33(5):720-736

Long hydroclimate records are essential elements for the assessment and management of changing freshwater resources. These records are especially important in transboundary watersheds where international cooperation is required in the joint planning and management process of shared basins. Dendrochronological techniques were used to develop a multicentury record of April 1 snow water equivalent (SWE) for the Stikine River basin in northern British Columbia, Canada, from moisture‐sensitive white spruce (Picea glauca) tree rings. Explaining 43% of the instrumental SWE variability, to our knowledge, this research represents the first attempt to develop long‐term snowpack reconstructions in northern British Columbia. The results indicated that 15 extreme low April 1 SWE events occurred from 1789 to the beginning of the instrumental record in 1974. The reconstruction record also shows that the occurrence of hydrological extremes in the Stikine River basin is characterized by persistent below‐average periods in SWE consistent with phase shifts of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Spectral analyses indicate a very distinct in‐phase (positive) relationship between the multidecadal frequencies of variability (~40 years) extracted from the SWE tree‐ring reconstruction and other reconstructed winter and spring PDO indices. Comparison of the reconstructed SWE record with other tree‐ring‐derived PDO proxy records shows coherence at multidecadal frequencies of variability. The research has significant implications for regional watershed management by highlighting the hydrological response of the Stikine River basin to prior climate changes.  相似文献   

Calling for Nexus Approach: Introduction of the Flagship Programme on Climate,Ecosystems and Livelihoods     

ZHANG Linxiu  LIU Jian  FU Chao 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(3):227-231

The United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) launched at the end of 2016 a decade-long (2016-2025) flagship programme on Climate, Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CEL), with the aim to assist developing countries in delivering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and climate targets while protecting their ecosystems and improving the livelihoods of their people. The CEL programme is a major initiative supported by China and other developing countries to promote long-term South-South cooperation, led by the United Nations Environment Programme International Ecosystem Management Partnership (UNEP-IEMP). This article presents the conceptual framework and implementation strategy of the CEL programme, which were proposed through consultations between UN Environment, Chinese and international experts. Within the conceptual framework, the CEL programme will 1) focus its work on the nexus of climate change, ecosystem services and sustainable livelihoods as the primary priority; 2) encourage cross-sectoral and multi-stakeholder cooperation, enhance interdisciplinary research, and strive for breakthroughs that cross disciplinary boundaries; 3) provide four types of services and products—monitoring and assessment, capacity building, technology demonstration, and science for policy through mainly South-South cooperation; and 4) have far-reaching impacts on delivering SDGs and climate targets in vulnerable developing countries. The CEL programme is going to be implemented in a strategic way through a set of related projects and initiatives. More particularly, it will 1) focus on fragile ecosystems like drylands, mountains, river basins and coastal zones in Asia, Africa and other key regions along the Belt and Road, in the early stage and expand to include some other regions at a later stage; 2) take a three-phase approach, including Phase I, Kick -off (2016-2018), Phase II, Development (2019-2021), and Phase III, Scaling-up (2022-2025); and 3) draw on the globally relevant knowledge, expertise and other resources of a substantial network of partners. So far, UNEP-IEMP has developed more than twenty projects and initiatives in the regions along the Belt and Road, especially in Africa and the Greater Mekong Subregion, which lay a solid foundation for the implementation of CEL programme in its first phase.  相似文献