On minimum spanning trees and the intergradation of clusters     

Steven M. Warshauer  Richard Smosna 《Mathematical Geology》1981,13(3):225-235

Cluster analysis groups samples, but does not generally show gradations between clusters. To illustrate these relationships, principal-coordinate analysis and multidimensional scaling can be employed, but these methods may not be appropriate due to structural distortion. A minimum spanning tree (MST) computes a point-to-point path through the original matrix, and clusters are mapped on the MST diagram. The MST linkages, therefore, provide a natural continuum between the clusters, without distortion. Forty-six Silurian Tonoloway Limestone samples were analyzed for 16 sedimentary features indicative of subaerial exposure. Cluster analysis identified nine clusters which were reduced to five final, ordered groups by MST.  相似文献   

A study on the bio-hydro mechanical effects of the tree roots on the Agaclı coal reclaimed – forested land     

Dr.?Nuray?Tokg?zEmail author 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2005,23(5):519-535

The research area that is in the north of Istanbul (Turkey) and it is a land of open pit coal mining residuals reclaimed and turned to forest in 1988–1989. The materials that are open pit mine spoils are formed by sandy loam, sandy clay loam, heavy loam and clay (noncalcareous Pliocene I sediments). Pseudoacacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), Maritima Pine (Pinus pinaster) and Stone Pine (Pinus pinea) are planted on these materials. The aims of this research were to determine the strength of the material provided by tree roots and evaluate the performance of the forestation practices at lands especially where open pit coal mining spoil (residual) materials piled up. The research has been performed at two stages. The first one was hydro-mechanical effect concerned about material moisture depletion as a result of transpiration and the second one was bio-mechanical effects due to strength parameters of the roots and their growth pattern within the material. All results were evaluated in relation to tensile strength and displacement curves due to pre and post failure behaviors of materials and root systems. The results showed the increase of the displacement of the material was the significant indicator of the bio-mechanics tensile strength of the material provided by the tree roots. The fast growing type of tree roots have stabilized the material up to a depth for 80–100 cm by covering the coal residual materials within 12 years.  相似文献   

Impact of the Mass Parameter on Particle Dynamics in a Ring Configuration of N Bodies     

F.?E.?PsarrosEmail author  T.?J.?Kalvouridis 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,298(3):469-488

Parameters play a very important and determinative role in the dynamics of a dynamical system as well as in the formation of its particular characteristics. In this paper we investigate the way in which a large scale variation of the mass parameter, influences the behavior of a mass-less particle which moves in the vicinity of a ring arrangement of N-bodies. More precisely, we study the impact of this parameter on periodic motions and their characteristics.  相似文献   

基于模糊故障树的GIS产品的可靠性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡圣武  袁占良  王新洲  陶本藻 《测绘科学》2006,31(1):49-50

本文首次把模糊故障树方法引入到GIS产品的可靠性分析,并就模糊故障树的基本理论作了简单的介绍,阐述了模糊故障树的建造和基于三角模糊数和梯形模糊数运算规则,结合GIS产品的特性论述了模糊故障树用于GIS产品可靠性分析的步骤,然后用实例进行了分析,最后就全文进行总结并指出了需要解决的问题。  相似文献   

山西芦芽山地区树木年轮记录的1676 AD以来5～7月温度变化   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

易亮  刘禹  宋惠明  李强  蔡秋芳  杨银科  孙军艳 《冰川冻土》2006,28(3):330-336

在山西芦芽山地区采取了符合国际树轮库要求的油松样本,通过交叉定年和应用区域生长模型,建立长度为328 a的标准宽度年表.根据RCS序列所揭示的气候低频变化特征,确定1676 AD以来夏季温度可划分为两个时段:1676—1865 AD和1866—2003 AD.在1676—1865 AD时期,夏季温度变化主要表现为“冷强暖弱”,其中1710—1720s为最冷时段.1866—2003 AD时期,夏季温度呈现出“总体持续变暖,冷暖交替频繁”的变化特征.  相似文献   

基于动态树结构的河网分析方法     

艾自兴  牛瑞芳  毋河海  谌虎 《测绘科学》2006,31(3):80-81

某条河流除了河流自身的数量与质量特征外,该河流在河网结构中的空间位置及其相关结构特征将提供全局性的评价依据。河网的空间形态结构特征由各条河流的几何特征和河流之间的相互关系决定,为了完整表示河网的空间形态结构特征,本文提出了基于动态树结构的河网分析思想,阐述了动态河网树结构的建立、维护及其应用的方法。  相似文献   

基于地面激光扫描数据的单木特征因子提取与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田金苓  王佳  易正晖  冯仲科 《测绘科学》2012,37(5):179-180,189

本文利用三维激光扫描仪对树木进行扫描获取树点云数据,经过格式转换、分离、提取后,对树木各测量因子包括胸径、树高、树冠、材积量进行测定与测量方法与意义的分析。通过实验分析,可以得出:树冠测定因子通过测定树冠的叶面积指数来更精确地反映树冠的生理学意义;通过不规则三角网构建的多面体计算的树干体积较以平均断面积、中央断面积求树干材积更为准确与便捷。  相似文献   

利用HJ-1A/1BCCD数据进行黄河凌汛监测     

刘良明  徐琪  周正  叶沅鑫 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2012,37(2):141-144,124

利用HJ-1A/1B卫星CCD数据进行黄河凌汛监测,提出了基于主成分分析和决策树的冰凌提取方法。实验结果显示,利用HJ-1A/1B卫星CCD数据能有效地提取出黄河的冰凌范围,对黄河凌汛监测具有较大的应用潜力。  相似文献   

基于决策树分类的地表覆盖遥感信息提取     

翁中银  何政伟  于欢 《地理空间信息》2012,(2):110-112

地处西南的渝北地区地表覆盖类型复杂、土地利用多元化,仅依赖于光谱特征的传统遥感信息提取方法难以获得较高的分类精度。利用决策树分类技术对渝北地区的TM遥感影像进行分类,除光谱信息外还结合地质、NDVI、PCI等多源数据进行实验。结果表明,总精度和Kappa系数分别为88.42%和0.854 7,较传统的监督分类和仅依赖于光谱特征的决策树分类方法有较大提高,这也表明基于多源数据的决策树分类技术对地表覆盖复杂地区的遥感影像分类比较适用,是遥感信息提取的一种有效手段。  相似文献   

An event-based methodology for climate change and human–environment research     

《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2012,112(2):135-143

Abductive causal eventism (ACE) is an analytical methodology based on a pragmatic view of research methods and explanation that places at the center of research inquiry the answering of ‘why’ questions about events, including human actions or environmental changes of interest. When used in human–environment research, the methodology entails constructing causal histories of interrelated social and/or biophysical events backward in time through a process of eliminative inference and reasoning from effects to causes, called abduction. ACE encourages an eclectic use of methods, models, and theoretical ideas. It fosters integrative, interdisciplinary analysis without being committed either to systems as ontological entities or to holistic analytical frameworks. By not privileging particular theories or explanatory factors in advance, ACE enables researchers to interrogate the plausibility of different causal influences, including local environmental changes that may be related to much wider changes in climate. Likewise, behaviors or practices that may be of value in light of anticipated environmental changes can be studied without their presuming to be caused by these changes or by changes in climate per se. Research on coastal mangrove planting for storm protection in the Philippines and upland tree planting in St. Lucia are used to illustrate these arguments.  相似文献