上海中心城区河流水系百年变化及影响因素分析   总被引：15，自引：5，他引：10  

程江  杨凯  赵军  袁雯  吴健平 《地理科学》2007,27(1):85-91

分析上海中心城区河流水系1860~2003年变化情况,研究表明:①140余年来中心城区有历史记载河流消失至少310条段,总长超520 km,水面积减少约10.46 km²,水面率下降3.61%。中心城区所在水利片河流水系结构破坏,水系分枝比受河道消亡影响明显降低,水系分维数异常;②中心城区河流水系阶段性集中消亡,消亡驱动力因消亡时期而异;③初步估算,140余年来中心城区河道槽蓄容量减少超过2 029×10⁴m3、单位面积可调蓄容量减少5.06×10⁴m³/km²。河道槽蓄容量较百年前减少超过80%,城市河网调蓄能力明显削弱,且1950~1990年市政雨水泵站累积增加数目与同期区域内河道累积消失数量、长度和槽蓄容量间均呈显著正相关性。  相似文献   

南昌地区建设用地空间扩展的广义转移概率模型建设与应用研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

曾辉  褚艳铃  李书娟 《地理科学》2007,27(4):473-479

对南昌地区城市发育约束因素的分析的基础上,基于非城市像元所处的城市化梯度、距离最近建成区斑块的距离、最近建成区斑块的规模、边缘像元的邻域水平等4个城市景观格局因子和道路及地形等两个社会经济和自然影响因子,构建了广义转移概率模型,并开展了相关的动态模拟研究。表明,与传统模拟方法相比,该模型具有比较理想的精度水平,模拟结果能够很好地反映南昌地区今后城市建设用地发展趋势,提出的模型手段改进设计获得了令人满意的效果,是对现行城市景观动态模拟研究工作的一个重要的方法论补充和完善。  相似文献   

长江三角洲城市带扩展对区域温度变化的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

杜银  谢志清  曾燕  施雅风  武金岗 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(4):387-398

Based on non-radiance-calibrated DMSP/OLS nighttime light imagery from 1992 to 2003, urban land area statistical data, meteorological data and land surface temperature data retrieved by MODIS and NOAA/AVHRR data, the influence of urbanization on regional cli- matic trend of temperature in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) was analyzed. Conclusions are as follows: 1) There is a significant urbanization process from 1992 to 2003 in the YRD. Four city clusters of Nanjing–Zhenjiang–Yangzhou, Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou, Shanghai and Hangzhou Bay form a zigzag city belt. The increase rate of annual mean air temperature in city-belt is 0.28–0.44℃/10a from 1991 to 2005, which is far larger than that of non-city-belt. 2) The urban heat island (UHI) effect on regional mean air temperature in different seasons is summer>autumn>spring>winter. 3) The UHI intensity and the urban total population logarithm are creditably correlated. 4) The UHI effect made the regional annual mean air temperature increased 0.072℃ from 1961 to 2005, of which 0.047℃ from 1991 to 2005, and the annual maximum air temperature increased 0.162℃, of which 0.083℃ from 1991 to 2005. All these indicating that the urban expansion in the YRD from 1991 to 2005 may be regarded as a serious climate signal.  相似文献   

一种研究城市化发展的新方法     

姜玲  黄家柱 《地理与地理信息科学》2007,23(4):107-109

以南京市1988年TM影像为信息源,组合影像4、5波段得到建筑用地指数(NDBI),采用决策树分类方法对NDBI进行修正,分类提取建筑用地;对照TM影像修改误分的地块后转化为栅格数据,生成50×50个像元大小的格网,统计每个格网单元内的建筑用地率,将该值赋给各个格网单元的几何中心点;采用距离倒数方法由点数据插值得出整个影像范围内的建筑用地区域分异情况,进而反映出不同建筑用地率的辐射影响范围。该方法可定量提取不同建筑用地率的辐射边界,有助于根据单张影像数据分析城市的扩张趋势,可在一定程度上预测城市的发展;对于需要跨江发展的城市(如南京),该方法可以辅助桥梁等过江通道的选址。  相似文献   

Investigation into the daily precipitation variability in the Yangtze River Delta,China     

Yan‐Fang Sang  Zhonggen Wang  Zongli Li  Changming Liu  Xiaojie Liu 《水文研究》2013,27(2):175-185

In this article, by using the daily precipitation data measured at 58 meteorological stations, spatial and temporal variability of daily precipitation including zero rainfall values (called “precipitation”) and without zero rainfall values (called “rain”) and four precipitation extrema (P₀, P₂₀, P₅₀, and P₁₀₀ representing the daily precipitation with the magnitude smaller than 0.1 mm, bigger than 20 mm, 50 mm, and 100 mm per day, respectively) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) during 1958–2007 were analyzed, and the effects of urbanization were further investigated. Results indicate that (i) differing from the downward trends in 1958–1985, daily precipitation and rain in 1986–2007 show slowly downward trends in the mid YRD but show upward trends in the northern and southern YRD. (ii) Spatial and temporal variability of the rain is more complex than daily precipitation. Both of them become smaller but show more obvious fluctuations in 1986–2007. (iii) Urbanizations cause not only the urban rainfall island problem but also more obvious fluctuations of rain intensity in the mid YRD, reflecting more uncertainty of daily precipitation variability. (iv) Urbanizations have little effects on the variability of P₀ and P₁₀₀ but cause notable increases of P₂₀ and P₅₀. (v) The spatial variability of daily precipitation and precipitation extrema in 1958–1985 clearly shows a breakpoint at 30°20′N latitude, but the breakpoint disappears afterward because of the effects of urbanization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

广东“三普”至“四普”间人口城镇化状况分析     

钟逢干  陈跃 《热带地理》1994,14(1):19-26

广东省改革开放的前沿，在第３、第４两次普查间人口城镇化的特征是：发展速度快，人口流动性增强，呈强的面上扩展态势，地区差异明显。这些特征的形成与广东省的社会经济发展特点和格局密切相关。未来２０年内广东省人口城镇化将大致保持现在的特点并持续地较快发展。  相似文献   

Hydrogeologic role in sinkhole development in the desert of Kuwait     

F. Shaqour 《Environmental Geology》1994,23(3):201-208

Sinkhole development is unlikely in desert areas with very low precipitation. However, a few cases of land subsidence and sinkhole development took place within the suburbs of Kuwait City. A few sinkholes developed in a sudden and rapid way, leading to great economic losses. In this paper the mechanism and causes of such a land subsidence are described. Decline in groundwater level and downward infiltration of excess irrigation are suggested to be the main factors in the development of the land subsidence in Kuwait. Urbanization and excessive garden irrigation are most probably the triggers of the sudden and rapid land subsidence.  相似文献   

气温长期演变趋势中城市化的可能影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

余晖  罗哲贤 《南京气象学院学报》1995,18(3):450-454

利用兰州、上海及其周围站点的１月和年平均气温资料，通过对比，分析了城市化对气温长度演变趋势的影响。结果表明在区域性气候增暖过程中，城市化的影响是不可忽略的。  相似文献   

云南民族地区城市化与产业集群关系的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐丽华  武友德 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(5):21-24,29

云南民族地区作为欠发达地区,在发展的过程中面临着很多的问题,这些问题无一不与城市化密切相关,而产业集群作为一种新的经济发展模式,显现出了它独特的优势,所以正确认识产业集群与城市化的互动关系,是云南民族区域要实现区域的协调发展的关键.产业集群与城市化是耦合发展的,在分析云南民族地区产业集群与城市化互动发展现状的基础上,云南必须选择符合自身发展的互动发展模式,最后提出云南城市化发展与产业集群互动发展的政策建议.  相似文献   

建设新农村与城镇化的关系初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘萼  邝奕轩 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(3):92-94

如何正确处理新农村建设和城镇化的关系，是一个值得深入探讨的问题。中国城市化进程应是以区域一体化为中心的城市化道路，乡村发展也是城镇化的内容。从中国的实情出发，要重新认识“二元经济”理论，“二元经济”的模型是以粮食代表整个农业生产。城镇化和建设新农村在组织形式上存在差异区别，但不存在严重的资金竞争，并且在服务对象、功能、产业结构方面是互补的，城镇化和建设新农村是并行不悖的，城镇化与建设新农村可以在很长时间内共同发展。  相似文献