美国田纳西河流域地区综合开发与城镇化     

汪一鸣 《世界地理研究》2013,(3):49-56

田纳西河流域地区原为美国典型的贫困地区,经过60年开发建设,1990年时已接近美国平均发展水平。通过实地调查考察,本文分析了该区综合开发与城镇化过程,及其区域城镇体系特征,指出其城镇化经验对于我国黄河上中游等内陆欠发达地区具有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

基于政府经济行为视角的中国城市化水平时空演化研究     

孙雪  郝兆印  王成新  刘凯 《世界地理研究》2013,(3):66-73

政府经济行为在我国城市化进程中一直发挥着关键作用。本文在总结国内外相关研究成果的基础上,剖析了我国城市化水平的时空差异演化特征。研究发现：我国城市化进程与政府经济行为密切相关。时间轴上,政府经济行为由强制控制到市场与政府协调控制的转化带来了城市化进程由缓慢停滞向加速推进的转变;空间上,政府的不平衡发展战略导致了区域城市化由南北差异转向东西差异,东中西等不同地带间城市化水平分化严重,而区域协调发展战略和西部大开发战略的实施带动了中西部地区的加速发展,区域差异开始趋于缓和。  相似文献   

Chicago: A Geography of the City and Its Region     

Richard Greene 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):296-298

Little is known about the downstream propagation of stream channel alterations initiated by urban flow regimes. In this study, freely available Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data were combined with ground survey data to derive information on changes in stream cross sections in a North Carolina watershed, moving downstream across an urban-to-rural land-use boundary. Regression analyses relating LiDAR model and ground survey data exhibit poor relationships for all channel morphometric measurements except reach-average channel capacity. Application of the channel capacity regression reveals a negative power function pattern of downstream decline in channel enlargement. The largest declines occur before streams enter the rural landscape, with more gradual declines afterward. The largest declines in channel size might be attributable to reservoir effects along reaches with wide floodplains. Model results indicate no discernible enlargement once rural land covers and percentage impervious areas of about 60 percent and 16 percent of watershed area, respectively, are reached.  相似文献   

A Review of “Appalachian Aspirations: The Geography of Urbanization and Development in the Upper Tennessee River Valley, 1865–1900”     

Mary Beth Pudup 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):561-562

This article tests the explanatory power and interactions among five alternative explanations of environmental knowledge: (1) local information availability, (2) neighborhood characteristics, (3) environmental attitudes, (4) personal empowerment, and (5) information seeking. Using random forest and conditional inference trees, the article analyzes survey responses and finds that attitudes about personal empowerment and frequent information seeking are the strongest predictors of knowledge. The study offers random forest and conditional inference trees as statistical tools for complex data sets and studies that test hypotheses generated from multiple theories. We discuss the influence of knowledge differences over inclusive sustainability discussions.  相似文献   

Global Metropolis: Assessing Economic Activity in Urban Centers Based on Nighttime Satellite Images     

Richard Florida  Charlotta Mellander  Tim Gulden 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):178-187

This research provides new data and insight on metropolitan areas worldwide. It summarizes new data, derived from satellite images of the world at night, to provide systematic estimates of the economic activity generated by cities and metropolitan areas worldwide. It identifies 681 global metropolitan areas each with more than 500,000 people. Taken as a whole, these large global metropolitan regions house 24 percent of the world's population but produce 60 percent of global output, measured as light emissions. Asia leads the way in global economic urbanization according to our findings, followed by North America, the emerging economies, and Europe.  相似文献   

COMMENTS ON “SPATIAL VARIATION OF HILLSLOPE PROFILES IN THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU,KENTUCKY” BY EDMUND B. WOOOS     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):488-489

Book Reviewed in this article:

Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey.

Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds.

The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer.

Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed.

The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale.

Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds.

Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed.

Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds.

Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds.

Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds.

Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small.

Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds.

The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz.

World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds.

Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken.

Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein.

South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair.

Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed.

Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor.

Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds.

Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig.

The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston.

Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb.

Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer.

China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang.

A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West.

Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed.

Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied.

Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves.

Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor.

Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran.

Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds.

The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada:

Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo.

The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest.

Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke.

Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels.

The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed.

Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen.

The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds.

Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester.

Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman.

Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed.

Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli.  相似文献   

Water conservation in the Arab region: a must for survival     

Gamal M. Abdo  Abdin M. A. Salih  Abdulmohsen Al-Sheikh 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(1):0157-0164

The Arab region covers an area over 13 million square kilometers in size, with almost 90% of its area classified as arid or extremely arid with very little precipitation, extremely high evaporation and almost no vegetation cover. The region is classified in many international reports as the poorest region in the world in the context of renewable water resources and critical water scarcity which hinders the socio-economic development of many countries in this region. The rapidly increasing population has reduced the per capita share of renewable water to less than the poverty line of 1,000 m 3 /(capita·a) and, in some Arab countries, to less than the extreme poverty line of 500 m 3 /(capita·a). This has led to over-exploitation of non-renewable groundwater and desalination of salty water in many countries with considerable costs and contamination of many renewable sources. Atmospheric processes responsible for aridity in the Arab region are projected to intensify due to climate change, resulting in an alarming decrease in precipitation and increase in evaporation rates. Many concerned entities in the region consider water security as a key element for food security and ultimately political stability. Hence, various efforts have been exerted to identify key problems and suggested solutions. The Arab Water Ministers Council of the Arab League, as well as Reports of the Arab Forum for the Environment and Development (AFED) and the recommendations of the 13th Regional Meeting of the Arab National Committees of the International Hydrological Programme of UNESCO (IHP), have all made similar recommendations on the need to address the issues of water scarcity in the Arab region which will be further discussed in this paper. However, none of these reports focused on "Water Conservation" as an equally important action for coping with water scarcity in the region. There are many definitions for "Water Conservation" in the scientific literature, including huge water savings from irrigation, industrial use, and domestic use as well as methods and approaches for augmenting water supply through non-conventional practices such as water harvesting and waste water reuse. In this paper, a review is provided for definitions, methods and impacts of water conservation and its role in alleviating water scarcity in the Arab region.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地长9烃源岩发育与排烃效率   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李吉君  吴慧  卢双舫  薛海涛  黄振凯  王克  师磊  王雪飞 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,(Z1):26-32

鄂尔多斯盆地长9优质烃源岩主要集中在志丹—英旺地区,但目前仅在志丹地区发现了典型长9源岩所生原油。对源岩排烃效率的定性和定量研究表明,英旺地区长9烃源岩排烃效率明显低于志丹等其他地区,仅为44%,其余地区平均为82%。排烃效率低应是英旺地区长9原油勘探未能取得突破的重要原因。沉积埋藏史和测井资料研究证实,与其他地区相比,英旺地区地质时期所经历的最大埋深明显较小,由此造成源岩孔隙度较高,残留烃量较大,导致英旺地区排烃效率低。另外,与志丹地区相比,英旺地区单位源岩生烃量较小,由此会造成其残烃量相对较高,这也是造成英旺地区排烃效率较低的一个原因。  相似文献   

合水地区长6油层微观渗流特征及驱油效率影响因素研究          下载免费PDF全文

张章  朱玉双  陈朝兵  牛小兵  辛红刚  朱静  全洪慧 《地学前缘》2012,19(2):176-182

对鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长6油层组超低渗透储层的微观渗流特征及驱油效率影响因素进行深入研究,为提高采收率提供了科学依据。研究以真实砂岩微观模型渗流实验为主要手段,结合铸体薄片、扫描电镜、压汞等方法对孔隙结构、岩石类型等进行测试。研究表明,研究区长6油层的渗流特征以网状驱替和均匀驱替为主,指状驱替甚少;不同的驱替类型对应不同的最终驱油效率,均匀驱替模型最终驱油效率最高,指状驱替模型最低。储层物性中渗透率是影响驱油效率的主要因素,孔隙度次之;适当地提高驱替压力能够有效地提高驱油效率;提高注水体积倍数也能适当地提高驱油效率;非均质性对驱油效率也有一定的影响。  相似文献   

迁安红山铁矿破碎复杂地层钻探施工技   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

郑思光 《探矿工程》2012,39(8):15-18,22

简述了河北省迁安市红山铁矿详查矿区地层坚硬、破碎等复杂特点和地层的岩性情况,总结了该矿区破碎复杂地层绳索取心钻探施工技术经验,着重从钻孔结构、钻具及钻进参数选择和冲洗液选取与配制方面分析了破碎漏失、坍塌掉块及坚硬＂打滑＂地层的处理方法,阐述了保证复杂地层岩心采取率和预防钻孔倾斜的技术措施。通过护壁堵漏、改进冲洗液的配比、调整钻头的胎体硬度,改善了复杂地层的钻进环境,提高了钻探生产效率。  相似文献