排序方式： 共有35条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
已有文献对社会隔离和犯罪之间的相关性进行了探讨,但主要聚焦于种族或族群之间的社会隔离,对个体活动联系和情感联系等方面的关注相对不足。文章以1 148份在广州市74个典型社区居住3 a以上居民的问卷为数据基础,构建了社会联系、邻里联系、活动联系和情感联系相结合的社会隔离指标体系,在控制个体基本属性的基础上,探讨了社会隔离与暴力侵害、入室盗窃、社区内扒窃和社区外扒窃四大犯罪类型之间的相关性。结果显示：整体上,社会隔离与居民遭受犯罪侵害具有显著正相关关系,但部分指标和特定犯罪类型之间具有负相关关系。其中,1）与暴力侵害具有显著相关性的指标仅有意见建议（负相关）;2）与入室盗窃具有显著相关性的指标包括社区内亲朋人数（负相关）、社区情感（正相关）和社区管理服务满意度（正相关）;3）与社区内扒窃具有显著相关性的指标包括社区内亲朋人数（负相关）、邻里是否相互串门（正相关）、邻里是否相互借东西（负相关）和居民对社区管理服务的满意度（正相关）;4）与社区外扒窃具有显著相关性的指标包括是否失业（负相关）、邻里关系和谐程度（正相关）、意见建议（负相关）和居民对管理服务满意度（正相关）。总的来看,不同衡量维度的社会隔离与社区的非正式社会控制、居民对犯罪的警惕程度有关,从而导致其对居民遭受犯罪侵害概率的影响存在差异,且这种差异随受侵害类型的变化而发生变化。 相似文献
22.
The dominant discourse on the security implications of climate change has asserted that acute environmental scarcity—such as that caused by drought—causes political violence. In contrast, we argue that there are good reasons why water scarcity might have a pacifying effect on armed conflict, and that political violence should be more prevalent during periods of comparatively better agro-climatic conditions. Political violence is more prevalent when basic needs are met and when the tactical environment is more conducive to attacks—conditions that hold when water is comparatively abundant. Empirically, this paper explores the relationship between environmental scarcity and political violence in a global sample of countries, 1970–2006. We find that water abundance is positively correlated with political violence, and that this relationship is stronger in less developed, more agriculturally dependent societies. These findings are robust to several different operationalizations of our variables. We conclude with a brief discussion of the policy implications of our findings. 相似文献
23.
Michael Jerome Wolff 《Urban geography》2013,34(10):1465-1483
ABSTRACTCiudad Juarez, Mexico, suffered an explosion of criminal violence between 2008 and 2012 that cost the lives of more than ten thousand people, earning it notoriety as the world’s “murder capital.” Just a few years later, however, levels of violence had dropped back to pre-2008 levels, decreasing by more than 85 percent. Existing political, economic, and sociological theories provide compelling narratives about the origins of Mexico’s drug-related violence, but have much more difficulty explaining why violence might suddenly decrease to normal levels again. They also fail to explain how violence itself shapes mechanisms of formal and informal order, often leaving institutional legacies that can be both negative and positive. Based on research conducted since 2008, this paper argues that criminal violence in Ciudad Juarez, while initially begetting only more violence, gradually reconstituted the criminal order in such a way that peaceful interaction among competing criminal groups became possible. 相似文献
24.
Graffiti is a ubiquitous feature of the urban landscape commonly perceived to be a symptom of disorder, deprivation, and violence. Broken windows theory asserts that it is also a cause. To examine this, we conduct a geographic correlation study of graffiti and violence using geographic information systems. A strong spatial covariation is observed, with spatially dependent residual clusters suggesting that the graffiti–violence relationship is context dependent and varied. Ferrell and Weide's spot theory provides a lens for situating hot spots and facilitating a more nuanced interrogation of graffiti and violence in several Vancouver neighborhoods. We advocate for situated spatial analyses of interpersonal violence to inform public health interventions and advance policymaking beyond the popular aesthetic symbolism of urban space. 相似文献
25.
Karen Ross 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):180-186
It is rare to hear about the gendered risks of field work. My experiences with sexual violence with key informants forced me to assume a variety of defensive behaviors, which ran counter to the ways that scholarly discussions of methods tend to emphasize the importance of reducing distance and shifting power away from the researcher in a cross-cultural context. By considering gendered risks, I question the extent to which an idealized male researcher is still viewed as the archetype from which methods are conceptualized and practiced, and the implications are then discussed. 相似文献
26.
Paula Meth 《Area》2003,35(2):195-205
This paper explores the use of personal solicited diaries as a qualitative research tool within social geography. Diaries were used with women from South Africa who recorded their experiences of violence over a period of one month. The paper analyses diaries in terms of their longitudinal benefits, their socially constituted nature, their use in conjunction with interviews and finally their potential for empowerment. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations of the diary as a methodological tool. 相似文献
27.
Paula Meth 《Geoforum》2003,34(3):317-327
An examination of domestic violence and where it takes place provides significant insight into debates about the meaning of home. It is argued here that discussions of domestic violence could make more use of feminist geographers’ and development theorists’ analyses of the home. Examining the experiences of homeless and insecurely housed women in Durban, the paper aims to explore ideas of ‘home’ implicit in much research on domestic violence and argues that these ideas require further examination. The paper focuses on three assumptions about the home (in experiences of domestic violence); namely, the home as a formal material space, the home as private, and the domicile as home. In conclusion the paper argues for a more nuanced understanding of home. 相似文献
28.
ABSTRACT. The segregation of Catholics and Protestants varies spatially and temporally in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Using small-area statistics from the censuses of 1971, 1981, and 1991, taken during the recent “Troubles,” a strongly rising level of ethnic segregation is noted for the 1970s, followed by a more gentle rise in the 1980s. Segregation is shown to vary among subunits of the urban area. The basic cause of this segregation is ethnic violence, and the spatial variation in segregation can be attributed to spatial variation in this violence. 相似文献
29.
不同犯罪类型受害者报警行为特点及其影响因素分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用问卷调查数据,以理性选择理论为框架,对广州地区扒窃、诈骗、入室盗窃、暴力侵害四大犯罪类型受害者的报警行为进行了分析。研究发现,扒窃和诈骗的发生率较高,但报警率较低;入室盗窃和暴力侵害的发生率较低,但报警率较高。逻辑回归结果表明,损失的财产价值是影响扒窃、诈骗、入室盗窃、暴力侵害受害者报警行为的共同因素,损失越大,报警的可能性越大。此外,户口状态对扒窃报警行为有影响;入室盗窃和暴力侵害的报警行为还受个人客观属性和主观感知的影响。表明西方的理性选择理论框架适用于中国的报警率研究,但在选择具体的衡量指标时应更慎重;在对用公安部门的数据进行犯罪空间分析时,应注意报警率的影响。 相似文献
30.
Analysing a sample of 3,033 environmental conflicts around the globe, we compared conflicts reporting no human health impacts to those reporting health impacts linked to toxic pollution. Our study suggests four main findings. First, health impacts are a key concern for working-class communities. Second, the long-term effects of toxic pollution undermine communities' ability to act preventively. Third, industrial activities, waste management and nuclear energy conflicts are more likely to report health impacts than other economic activities. Last, mobilising groups are reluctant to consider the closure of a polluting project a successful outcome because of the persistence of toxic pollution across time. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of what we have termed ‘environmental health conflicts’ (EHCs). 相似文献