东天山小石头泉铜多金属矿区火山岩-次火山岩地球化学与成矿构造背景   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

万博  张连昌徐兴旺孙赫   《岩石学报》2006,22(11):2711-2718

小石头泉铜多金属矿位于新疆哈密市东北200km,在区域地质构造上处于东天山哈尔里克岛弧东段。本文主要对矿区火山岩的主量、微量元素及同位素组成进行测试和研究。含矿岩石以流纹斑岩、英安岩、英安斑岩为主,SiO_2含量为51.96%～72.58%,Na_2O K_2O 为3.1%～7.73%,计算里特曼指数σ<3.3,显示具有钙碱性岩的特征;稀土元素配分形式为轻稀土相对富集,其中英安岩 Eu 负异常比安山岩更为明显,说明源区有斜长石的残留或岩浆演化经历了结晶分异作用;微量元素具有典型的岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征,如 Ta、Nb、Ti 等元素较板内火山岩的明显亏损;岩石初始锶(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i 平均值为0.7043,εNd(t)为4.7,反映火山岩形成源区以幔源为主,混有部分壳源物质。以上岩石地球化学研究结果表明,该区火山岩形成于火山岛弧环境。通过与东天山大南湖岛弧火山岩对比,发现两地区的同时代火山岩地球化学属性存在一定差异,大南湖岛弧火山岩区以发育 Adakite 岩为特征,而哈尔里克岛弧缺少Adakite 岩,可能反映该区火山岩的形成与部分熔融的洋壳交代地幔楔有关。本文认为小石头泉地区为典型火山岛弧环境,有利于火山热液型多金属矿床的形成。  相似文献   

满洲里新右旗火山岩剖面年代学和地球化学特征   总被引：11，自引：15，他引：11  

陈志广张连昌  周新华万博  英基丰王非 《岩石学报》2006,22(12):2971-2986

满洲里新巴尔虎右旗地区发育大面积中生代火山岩,通过典型火山岩剖面研究,本文认为该地区火山岩主要为粗面安山岩、粗面岩和流纹岩组合;剖面下、中部粗安岩和流纹岩基质~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar 坪年龄分别为162.6±0.7Ma 和162.0±0.8Ma,剖面上部粗安岩 SHRIMP 锆石 U-Pb 年龄为149.5±1.7Ma,表明满洲里新巴尔虎右旗地区火山岩形成于晚侏罗世,并可能存在两次火山喷发旋回,间隔大约10Ma。地球化学测试表明,该剖面中基性火山岩具有相似的地球化学特征,SiO_2含量介于56.23%～61.53%之间,具有较高的 Al_2O_3(15.38%～16.62%)、K_2O(2.72%～3.87%)和全碱(6.28～8.79),较低的MgO(0.91%～3.8%)和 Mg~#(0.10～0.32),为高钾钙碱性火山岩;稀土总量(∑REE)及 LREE 富集,LREE 和 HREE 分馏较强,Eu 异常不明显(δEu=0.72～0.90),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),而亏损高场强元素(HFSE),尤其强烈亏损 Nb 和 Ta;(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i 变化范围为0.705078～0.705811,ε_(Nd)(t)值变化范围为-0.5～1.3。而剖面中部的流纹岩具有高 SiO_2(79.88%～80.46%)、相对低 MgO(0.04%)、FeO(0.26%)和 Al_2O_3(9.61%～10.17%)的特征,负 Eu 异常明显(δEu=0.32),富集 LILE而亏损 HFSE,Sr、Ti、Ba 和 P 强烈亏损,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i 变化范围为0.710044～0.713891,ε_(Nd)(t)值变化范围为-0.9～-0.7。本区剖面火山岩地球化学特征表明,下部和上部中基性火山岩因具有相似的地球化学特征,本文推测该类火山岩浆源于受早期俯冲洋壳流体交代的地幔楔或亏损地幔,粗面岩为中基性岩浆分离结晶的产物,流纹岩包含了大量的地壳物质,其成因可能与地壳混染或大陆中下地壳重融作用有关。结合前人资料,我们认为满洲里新巴尔虎右旗晚侏罗世火山岩形成于造山后阶段,是岩石圈伸展背景下被早期流体交代的岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融的产物。该区火山岩的形成与晚侏罗世蒙古-鄂霍次克洋闭合-造山后伸展作用有关。  相似文献   

阿尔泰晚古生代早期长英质火山岩的地球化学特征及构造背景   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17  

陈汉林  杨树锋  厉子龙  肖文交  李继亮  董传万  余星 《地质学报》2006,80(1):38-42

新疆北部哈巴河一带出露的一套晚古生代早期长英质火山岩主要由英安质—流纹质火山岩组成。其Rb-Sr等时线年龄为405±57Ma,为早泥盆世。地球化学特征显示它们具有Ti含量低,Mg#含量中等—富集(42.2~88.7),Th/Ta为8.6~16.4,低—中等Ti/Zr值(介于4.9~53.46);稀土配分型式为LREE富集,无Eu或中等的负Eu异常;且在蜘蛛网图上显示LILE富集,Nb和Ta亏损的特征。Y-Nb和Rb-(Y+Nb)构造判别图解显示这些长英质火山岩形成于岛弧环境。结合前人的研究成果,认为新疆北部哈巴河晚古生代早期长英质火山岩是在古亚洲洋北侧岛弧构造环境下形成的,是作为古亚洲洋从SW至NE方向朝西伯利亚古板块俯冲的产物。  相似文献   

大兴安岭南段东麓中生代O型埃达克质火山岩及其成因、古构造环境和找矿意义   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

张永北  孙世华毛骞 《岩石学报》2006,22(9):2289-2304

蒙东西拉禾伦河北侧查干木伦河流域,属中生代大兴安岭火山-侵入杂岩带南段。最近区内晚侏罗世满克头鄂博组陆相火山杂岩火山盾中,发现有埃达克质火山岩,与少量钠质流纹岩和玄武岩共生。埃达克岩 Al_2O_3>15%,MgO<3.4%,K_2O 平均=1.77%,Na_2O/K_2O>1,LREE 富集,HREE 及 LIRE 强烈亏损,无负铕异常,高 Sr(497.91～896.40×10~(-6)),低 Y(4.33～15.77<18×10~(-6)),低 Yb(0.35～1.54<1.9×10~(-6)),I_(Sr)=0.70374～0.70594,ε_(Nd)(t)为-0.45～ 6.58,在 K-Na-Ca、Rb-Sr-Ba、Sr/Y-Y 和 Sr/Yb-Yb 等图中属埃达克岩,具奥长花岗岩演化趋势,是典型的 O 型埃达克岩。其与共生岩石ε_(Nd)(t)、I_(Sr)与晚古生代玄武岩的接近,部分岩石 t_(DM)(677～845Ma)与晚古生代俯冲洋壳(t_(DM)=627～998Ma)相同,Sr-Nd 同位素及Zr/Hf-Nb/Ta 比值具有亏损地幔与下地壳混合特征,另有岩石(t_(DM)=343～453Ma)源于古生代年轻地幔。据此推论其源岩是以晚元古代俯冲洋壳为主,多源物质混合的增生地体下地壳。La_N/Yb_N-Yb_N 及 La/Sm-La 图证明埃达质岩浆是榴辉岩化源岩部分熔融的原始岩浆,钠质流纹岩是该原始岩浆分离结晶产物,玄武岩浆则可能是源岩深度熔融的结果。岩石成分及微量元素判别该火山活动环境是大陆边缘弧。大兴安岭地区在中生代出现埃达克质火山岩及该类火山弧,未必与环太平洋或者鄂霍茨克海俯冲构造直接相关,而是晚古生代古亚洲洋残存洋壳在中生代沿续存俯冲断裂继续向增生地体下地壳俯冲并发生部分熔融结果。区内与满克头鄂博组有关的铁、铜、金矿化,应有大矿前景。  相似文献   

青藏高原羌塘北部托和平错一带二叠系展金组火山岩的特征及构造环境     

王权续世朝  魏荣珠杨月生田志勇  董挨管杨五宝　魏云峰 《地质通报》2006,25(1):146-155

西藏改则县托和平错地区展金组中发育一套早-中二叠世以玄武岩类为主、玄武安山岩次之、安山岩少量的海相火山岩组合.该火山岩中玄武岩、玄武安山岩的SiO2含量为44.43%～54.87%,TiO2含量多在4%以上,K2O+Na2O平均为4.57%,玄武岩类富K,玄武安山岩富Na.区内火山岩富集K、Ba、Th、Ta、Ce、P、Zr、Sm、Ti、Cr,亏损Rb、Nb、Hf、Sc,Y/Nb在0.322～0.499之间.综合常量元素和微量元素特征,可将该火山岩归入碱性玄武岩系列.区内火山岩从基性到中性稀土元素总量基本没有变化,REE平均为402.31×10-6,LREE/HREE为8.17～12.69,为轻稀土强烈富集型,δEu为0.93～1.04,平均为0.99,无Eu异常,玄武岩的Th/Ta值多数大于1.6.火山岩的地质特征和地球化学特征表明,本区火山岩产出的大地构造环境为冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂谷环境.  相似文献   

1991年夏东亚阻塞高压形成的诊断分析   总被引：20，自引：6，他引：14  

王亚非  宋永加 《气象学报》1998,56(2):212-224

文中将１９９１年夏季在东亚地区发生的阻塞高压分为发展期,旺盛期及衰亡期等３个阶段进行了细致的诊断分析。发现在东亚阻塞高压的第一、二阶段其上游有明显的波活动通量与２～６ｄ尺度的Ｅ矢量通量传播。即定常罗斯贝波的传播与天气尺度扰动的共同作用有利于东亚阻塞高压的维持。第一阶段西风气流的分支处有比第二阶段更为明显的南北向分布的涡动位势涡度的辐散辐合偶极子说明了天气尺度扰动给阻塞高压的发展提供了很重要的能源,显然天气尺度扰动在阻塞高压的发展阶段起着比旺盛阶段更为显著的作用。本文还注意到乌拉尔阻塞高压的崩溃与东亚阻塞高压形成的某些联系。  相似文献   

Correlation of rhyolitic pyroclastic eruptive units from the Taupo volcanic zone by Fe–Ti oxide compositional data     

Phil Shane 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1998,60(3):224-238

Grain-specific analyses of Fe–Ti oxides and estimates of eruption temperature (T) and oxygen fugacity (fO₂) have been used to fingerprint rhyolitic fall and flow deposits that are important for tephrostratigraphic studies in and around the Taupo volcanic zone of North Island, New Zealand. The analysed Fe–Ti oxides commonly occur in the rims of orthopyroxene crystals and appear to reflect equilibrium immediately prior to eruption because of geochemical correlation with the co-existing glass phase. The composition of the spinel phase is particularly diagnostic of eruptive centre for post-65 ka events and can be used to distinguish many tephra beds from the same volcano. The 29 different units examined were erupted over a wide range in T (690–990°C) and Δ log fO₂ (–0.1 to 2.0). These parameters are closely related to the mafic mineral assemblage, with hydrous mineral-bearing units displaying higher fO₂. Such trends are superimposed on larger differences in fO₂ that are related to eruptive centre. At any given temperature, all post-65 ka Okataina centre tephra have higher fO₂ values than post-65 ka Taupo centre tephra. This provides a useful criterion for identifying the volcanic source. There are no temporal T and fO₂ trends in the tephra record; over intervals >20 ka, however, tephra sequences from Taupo centre form characteristic T-fO₂ buffer trends mirroring the glass chemistry. Individual eruptive events display uniform spinel and rhombohedral phase compositions and thus narrow ranges in T (± <20°C) and log fO₂ (± <0.5), allowing these features to identify individual magma batches. These criteria can help distinguish tephra deposits of similar bulk or glass composition that originated from the same volcano. Distal fall deposits record the same T-fO₂ conditions as the proximal ignimbrite and enable distal–proximal correlation. Lateral and vertical compositional and T-fO₂ variability displayed in large volume (>100 km³) ignimbrites, such as the Oruanui, Rotoiti and Ongatiti, is similar to that found in a single pumice clast and thus mainly reflects analytical error; however, thermal gradients of ca. 50°C may occur in some units. Received: 6 April 1998 / Accepted: 16 June 1998  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics of Yamadağı volcanics in central east Anatolia: an example from collision-zone volcanism     

Hüseyin Yal&#x;n  M.Niyazi Gündodu  Alain Gourgaud  Philippe Vidal  Ali Uurum 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1998,85(1-4)

Neogene Yamadağı volcanic rocks consist of basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite, andesite, and dacite. The major- and trace-element chemistry indicates that the lavas are dominantly calc-alkaline and mildly alkaline in character, sodic in nature, and intermediate to acidic in composition. REE and trace-element patterns of volcanic rocks are similar to those typical of within plate magmatics. Volcanic rocks have low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.70389–0.70633) and high ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios (0.51267–0.51276) and mostly plot within the mantle array of the isotope ratio diagram. The linear correlations among ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr−¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, SiO₂−⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and SiO₂−¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratios in the volcanics suggest that fractional crystallization combined with minor assimilation was an important process within the collision zone.  相似文献   

Computer-simulation models of scoria cone degradation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Donald M. Hooper  Michael F. Sheridan 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1998,83(3-4)

Long-term erosional modifications of the relatively simple morphology of scoria (‘cinder') cones are ideally suited for study by field and computer-simulation methods. A series of temporally-distinct cones in the San Francisco and Springerville volcanic fields of Arizona provides the foundation for documenting the degradational evolution of scoria cones in a semi-arid climate. Progressive changes due to erosion are illustrated by the systematic decrease with increasing age of various morphometric parameters, including scoria cone height, cone height/width ratio (H_co/W_co), crater depth/width ratio, and slope angle. For example, Holocene–latest Pleistocene cones in the San Francisco field have a mean H_co/W_co value of 0.178±0.041, a mean maximum slope angle of 29.7±4.2°, and a mean average slope angle of 26.4±7.3°, whereas the group of Pliocene cones have values of 0.077±0.024, 20.5±5.8°, and 8.7±2.7°, respectively. Comparative morphology of scoria cones is a potentially useful dating tool for mapping volcanic fields.In order to better understand the degradational modifications of these volcanic landforms, we have developed a numerical approach to simulate the surficial processes responsible for the erosion of a typical scoria cone. The simulation algorithm can apply either a linear diffusion-equation model or a model with a nonlinear transport law. Using a finite-difference formulation, the simulation operates upon a three-dimensional scoria cone input as a matrix of elevation values. Utilizing both field and model results, the correlation between changing H_co/W_co value, cone age, and computer time step was expressed graphically to derive comprehensive values of the transport or diffusion coefficient (D_f) for both volcanic fields. For the San Francisco volcanic field, D_f had a calculated value of 21.4 m²/kyr for the linear model and 5.3 m/kyr for the nonlinear model, while for the Springerville volcanic field D_f had a calculated value of 24.4 m²/kyr for the linear model and 6.3 m/kyr for the nonlinear model.  相似文献   

Airborne measurements of particle and gas emissions from the December 1994–January 1995 eruption of Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico)     

Ignacio Galindo  Lev S. Ivlev  Arturo Gonzlez  Roberto Ayala 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1998,83(3-4)

Airborne and ground-based (correlation spectrometer, cascade impactor, and photoelectric counter together with intake filter probes) measurements are described for the volcanic emissions from Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico) from December 23, 1994 to January 28, 1995. Measurements of SO₂ restarted 48 h after the eruption onset of December 21, 1994. Maximum sulfur dioxide (4560 t d⁻¹) plus 3.8×10⁴ t d⁻¹ of particulate matter were ejected on December 24, 1994. The maximum rate of ejection occurred coincidentally with the maximum amplitude of harmonic tremor and the maximum number of seismic type B events. Sulfur dioxide emission rates ranged from 1790 to 2070 t d⁻¹ (December 23–24, 1994). Afterwards, sulfur dioxide emission rates clearly indicated a consistent decline. However, frequent gas and ash emission puffs exhibited SO₂ fluxes reaching values as high as 3060 t d⁻¹. The emission SO₂ baseline for the period of study (February 1994–January 1995) was about 1000 t d⁻¹. Ejection velocity of particulate matter was approximately 270 m s⁻¹ reaching a height of about 2.5 km over the summit. The immediate aerosol dispersion area was estimated at 6.0×10⁴ km² maximum. The microscopic structure of particles (aerosol and tephra) showed a fragile material, probably coming from weathered crustal layers. X-ray fluorescence and neutron-activation analysis from the impactor samples found the following elements: Si, Al, Ca, S, P, Cl, K, Ni, Fe, Ti, Sc, Cu, Zn, Mn, Sr, Cr, Co, Y, Br, Se, Ga, Rb, Hg and Pb. Morphological analysis shows that ash samples might be from pulverized basaltic rock indicating that the Popocatépetl eruption of December 21, 1994 was at low temperature. The microscopic structure of puff material showed substance aggregates consisted of fragile rock, water and adsorbed SO₂. These aggregates were observed within water droplets of approximately 1 mm and even larger. Sulfur transformations in the droplets occurred intensively. Volcanic ash contained 5–6% of sulfur during the first expulsion hours. Elemental relative concentrations with respect to Al show that both Si and S have relative concentrations >1, i.e., 13.73 and 2.17, respectively in agreement with the photoelectric counter and COSPEC measurements.  相似文献