"3S"技术在辽宁阜新煤矸石资源调查中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王国平 《地质与勘探》2004,40(3):74-76

文章介绍利用遥感(RS)、全球定位系统(GPS)和地理信息系统(GIS)高新技术的有效配合并结合传统地质工作快速高效地完成了阜新煤矸石资源的调查工作.即应用不同分辨率的卫星图像从区域上进行资源总体分布情况调查、从局部进行资源类型划分;应用全球定位系统进行野外控制点点位及高程数据采集;应用地理信息系统对调查成果进行综合分析、计算、编辑和制图.  相似文献   

Critical depths for passage in braided rivers,Canterbury, New Zealand     

M. Paul Mosley 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3-4):351-357

Riffles and points of divergence of branch channels in braided rivers are critical controls upon passage of fish and recreational boats because they are points at which depths are at a minimum. Depths on randomly selected riffles were measured in braided reaches of the Ashley, Hurunui, and Rakaia Rivers and related to discharge; minimum depths encountered in extended reaches of these rivers at a range of flows have also been measured. The data can be used to predict minimum available passage depths at a specified flow, or conversely, to predict the discharge required to maintain a specified minimum passage depth. However, presently available estimates of critical minimum depths required for various instream uses (migration of salmonids, jetboating) appear excessively conservative, and minimum depth requirements must be more accurately determined before instream flow needs can be properly assessed.  相似文献   

Carbonate Sediment Deposits on the Reef Front Around Oahu,Hawaii     

MONTY A. HAMPTON  CHARLES T. BLAY  CHRISTOPHER J. MURRAY 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(1-2):65-102

Large sediment deposits on the reef front around Oahu are a possible resource for replenishing eroded beaches. High-resolution subbottom profiles clearly depict the deposits in three study areas: Kailua Bay off the windward coast, Makua to Kahe Point off the leeward coast, and Camp Erdman to Waimea off the north coast. Most of the sediment is in water depths between 20 and 100?m, resting on submerged shelves created during lowstands of sea level. The mapped deposits have a volume of about 4?×?10⁸?m³ in water depths less than 100?m, being thickest off the mouth of channels carved into the modern insular shelf, from which most of the sediment issues. Vibracore samples contain various amounts of sediment of similar size to the sand on Oahu beaches, with the most compatible prospects located off Makaha, Haleiwa, and Camp Erdman, and the least compatible ones located in Kailua Bay. Laboratory tests show a positive correlation of abrasion with Halimeda content: samples from Kailua Bay suffered high amounts of attrition, but others were comparable to tested beach samples. The common gray color of the offshore sediment, aesthetically undesirable for sand on popular tourist beaches, was diminished in the laboratory by soaking in heated hydrogen peroxide.  相似文献   

GIS在矿产资源潜力评价中的应用     

孙元 《地理空间信息》2012,(3):57-60

GIS技术的广泛应用为矿产资源潜力评价提供了新的思路和手段,并对其产生了深远的影响。简要介绍了GIS、矿产资源潜力评价及GIS在矿产资源潜力评价中的应用现状,并根据基于GIS矿产资源潜力评价的3个步骤,详细阐述了GIS在矿产资源潜力评价中的具体应用及其优越性。  相似文献   

Indosinian Supergene Karsts in the Qaidam Basin, NW China: Evidence from Paleo-tectonics, Paleoclimates and Paleo-fluids     

LI Zongxing  PENG Bo  QI Kening  LIU Dapeng  MA Yinsheng  ZHANG Wang  HU Junjie  WANG Jiaqi 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(1):386-399

In the Qaidam basin,Northwest China,karstic fissures and caves are developed in many places of the Lower Carboniferous Chengqianggou Fm.and Huaitoutala Fm.and the Upper Carboniferous Keluke Fm.,in which are found typical karstic marks.Several suites of transgressive carbonate rocks formed during the Late Paleozoic epoch are preserved as reservoir properties in the Qaidam basin,with paleokarst-related cave-fractured diagenetic structures,which provided the basis for cavefractured development.Carbonate and clastic samples covering or infilling caves and fractures in Carboniferous strata were collected in the eastern Qaidam basin to focus on petrological and geochemical analyses of karst and infilling materials.Based on this study of the Caledonian diagenetic sequence,and bitumen-infilled inclusion temperature and burial history,there existed a continuous atmospheric freshwater leaching process,which played a critical role in the construction of the Carboniferous supergene paleokarsts.Investigation and survey of the tectonic setting,plate paleolatitude and river development intensity also proves that there was abundant rainfall during the Indosinian period,after which the strata undergo a shallow burial process.Because Indosinian period is earlier than the key timing of hydrocarbon-generation of the Carboniferous source rocks,this kind of karst reservoir has potential significance for oil-gas resources in this area.  相似文献   

从页岩气革命看中国资源勘探的战略方向     

张抗 《地质与资源》2013,22(4):259-263

美国页岩油气开发的巨大成功不仅对美国乃至世界油气供应格局产生明显影响,而且对地下资源勘探开发思路有重大启示.首先,向低品位资源开发能使可用资源的数量成倍增加;其次,找油找矿思路的拓宽可导致新区新领域的开拓;第三,实现上两点必须有技术水平创新式发展.中国矿产资源发展的战略方向亦应强调向多种低品位资源的开拓,提高选矿水平,推进资源的综合勘探开发利用.为此,要积极持续地进行找矿新思路、新领域和新技术研究.  相似文献   

黔东南天锦黎地区矿田级金矿定位预测——兼论勘查及研究程度较低地区的矿产预测方法     

陶平  陈启飞  王亮  胡从亮 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(4):1235-1245

黔东南天柱-锦屏-黎平地区金矿勘查及研究程度较低,在进行矿产预测时必须有针对性地进行成矿地质背景、成矿规律、物化遥信息、找矿标志、预测要素等专题研究,更多关注成矿地质背景、成矿规律对矿产预测的主导作用,找准影响矿产预测的主要因素,客观适度地赋予物化遥信息对矿产预测的权重。同时,在条件不成熟时可将预测精度降至矿田-矿床级的定位预测,从整体上评价每个金矿田的找矿远景,并对某些部位找到矿床的可能性作进一步评述。采用了多种预测要素权重的简单相加法进行定位预测,而未具体开展基于GIS的定量预测,意在强调地质勘查及研究程度较低地区开展各项专题研究的重要性,并探讨简化矿产预测程序的可行性。经尝试,适宜于该类地区矿田级定位预测的简化流程为：a.相关专题研究;b.预测要素研究及赋值;c.各矿田成矿概率的计算及找矿远景分类;d.各矿田资源潜力评价。通过该方法尝试,该区获得找矿远景区A类4个、B类3个、C类3个。  相似文献   

黄河源区气候变化的环境效应研究     

李开明  李绚  王翠云  乔艳君 《冰川冻土》2013,35(5):1183-1192

以黄河源区气象台站的降水和气温资料以及玛多、达日、玛曲、唐乃亥和兰州水文站的径流资料为基础, 分析研究了该区降水、气温、水文变化趋势, 并对研究区的土地利用现状变化及原因进行了探讨. 结果表明: 在年代际变化趋势上, 黄河源区气温总体上呈升温态势, 降水呈减少趋势, 径流量也表现为减少趋势.土地利用现状的变化表明人类活动对研究区生态湿地的干预增强.自然因素和人类活动的综合作用, 使得黄河源区生态环境进一步恶化, 亟需进行人工干预, 保护和改善黄河源区生态湿地环境.  相似文献   

河西内陆河径流对气候变化的响应及其流域适应性水资源管理研究     

邓振镛  张强  王润元  高伟东  徐金芳  曹玲  刘明春 《冰川冻土》2013,35(5):1267-1275

为探讨河西地区内陆河径流对气候变化的响应, 选取1955-2008年石羊河、黑河和疏勒河的河流流量资料进行计算和分析. 结果表明: 50多年来, 石羊河年径流总体呈明显下降趋势, 黑河呈略有增加趋势, 疏勒河呈明显增加趋势, 地域上呈现愈往西部的河流年径流量增加愈明显. 三大河流进入1990年代后有下降趋势, 进入21世纪均有明显增多趋势. 三大河流径流对气候变化有不同响应, 石羊河流域主要受季风气候影响, 气候变暖, 蒸发加剧, 水分散失量大, 是造成径流减少的主要原因;黑河和疏勒河流域主要受西风带环流影响, 径流增多的重要原因是气候变暖降水明显增多. 为减缓气候变化对流域水资源利用的不利影响, 在分析三大内陆河流量对气候变化响应特征的基础上, 提出了适应性水资源管理的建议. 建议应提高水资源利用效率;改变生产方式, 调整农业种植业结构与布局;加大祁连山自然保护区建设, 搞好水资源可持续利用;积极开发祁连山丰富的空中云水资源、哺育祁连山冰川等流域适应性水资源管理对策, 对流域进行综合治理与开发利用, 这些措施和对策将为流域水资源开发提供科学依据.  相似文献   

大通河流域水能水资源开发对河流水文过程和环境的影响     

黄维东  牛最荣  马正耀  李计生  王毓森 《冰川冻土》2013,35(6):1573-1581

根据水文观测和引水与水电开发资料,分析了大通河流域水能水资源开发利用现状及其对河流水文过程与生态环境的影响.结果表明：由于区域用水和跨流域引水,使大通河中下游河道的水量减少,水环境容量减小,其中,青石嘴、天堂、连城(二)站3-11月平均流量分别减少0.6%~9.6%、0.5%~3.8%、1.7%~52.9%. 自1994年引大入秦工程建成跨流域引水后,连城(二)站年径流量开始减少,1994-2010年平均径流量比1977-1993年减少了5.7%;引大济湟工程建成通水后,加上引大入秦和引硫济金工程,引水总量将达到12.33×10⁸ m³,占大通河多年平均径流量28.16×10⁸ m³的43.8%,对河川径流的影响十分显著. 至2011年,大通河上已建成梯级电站34座,洪水期电站同时泄水会瞬间加大河道流量,枯水期蓄引水又使减水河段水量减少. 梯级水电站群无序蓄放水使洪水过程由天然的平稳状态转变为人工干预的剧烈变化状态,上下游洪峰不对应,对下游地区的防洪安全产生极大威胁. 过度的水能水资源开发,使大通河中下游部分自然河段出现淹没、断流,水生物和两岸的植物萎缩,水环境污染加重,对生态环境产生负面影响. 建议实行流域水资源统一管理,对梯级电站下泄水量统一调度,在减水河段预留必须的生态基流,确保河道内外生态用水;加强河道水位、流量、泥沙、水环境、水生物监测,为流域防汛、水资源管理、生态环境保护等提供决策依据.  相似文献