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1.
分析了深厚表土层地面注浆加固过程中井壁的受力特点,介绍了金桥矿副井表土段地面注浆加固过程中井壁的应变观测结论,提出了深厚表土层井壁外注浆加固工程的井壁安全保证核心技术。 相似文献
2.
Correlation between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metals in urban topsoil: a case study from the city of Xuzhou, China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Anthropogenic influence, mainly due to urban and industrial activities and traffic exhaust, may affect urban topsoil via atmospheric contamination and solid waste. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were conducted on 21 urban topsoil samples from the city of Xuzhou, China. High intensities of magnetic susceptibility were detected in the majority of the samples. SEM analysis shows that magnetic minerals are in the form of spherules and mainly due to anthropogenic inputs. The heavy metals Pb, Cu, Zn, Se, Sc, Mo, Fe, and Bi show strong correlations with magnetic susceptibility, and Ag, Ba, Cd, Ni, Cr, Sb, and Sn, on the other hand, show a weak correlation with magnetic susceptibility. Whereas, of these metals studied, only Hg has no significant correlation with the susceptibility. The Tomlinson pollution load index (PLI) also shows significant correlation with the susceptibility (χ). The present study shows that magnetic susceptibility is a fast, inexpensive, and non-destructive method for the detection and mapping of contaminated soils. 相似文献
3.
Soil cracking effects on hydrological and erosive processes: a study case in Mediterranean cultivated vertisols 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nesrine Inoubli Damien Raclot Roger Moussa Hamadi Habaieb Yves Le Bissonnais 《水文研究》2016,30(22):4154-4167
Shrink–swell soils, such as those in a Mediterranean climate regime, can cause changes in terms of hydrological and erosive responses because of the changing soil water storage conditions. Only a limited number of long‐term studies have focused on the impacts on both hydrological and erosive responses and their interactions in an agricultural environment. In this context, this study aims to document the dynamics of cracks, runoff and soil erosion within a small Mediterranean cultivated catchment and to quantify the influence of crack processes on the water and sediment supplied to a reservoir located at the catchment outlet using water and sediment measurements at a cultivated field outlet as baseline. Detailed monitoring of the presence of topsoil cracks was conducted within the Kamech catchment (ORE OMERE, Tunisia), and runoff and suspended sediment loads were continuously measured over a long period of time (2005–2012) at the outlets of a field (1.32 ha) and a catchment (263 ha). Analysis of the data showed that topsoil cracks were open approximately half of the year and that the rainfall regime and water table level conditions locally control the seasonal cracking dynamics. Topsoil cracks appeared to seriously affect the generation of runoff and sediment concentrations and, consequently, sediment yields, with similar dynamics observed at the field and catchment outlets. A similar time lag in the seasonality between water and sediment delivery was observed at these two scales: although the runoff rates were globally low during the presence of topsoil cracks, most sediment transport occurred during this period associated with very high sediment concentrations. This study underlines the importance of a good prediction of runoff during the presence of cracks for reservoir siltation considerations. In this context, the prediction of cracking effects on runoff and soil erosion is a key factor for the development of effective soil and water management strategies and downstream reservoir preservation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
青藏高原东部表土磁化率特征与环境意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
现代表土磁化率与气候因子关系的研究是黄土古气候重建的重要内容,在黄土高原地区取得了重要进展,但在青藏高原地区相对不足。在青藏高原东部系统采集了106个表土样品,分析了其磁化率的变化特征;并通过表土磁化率与气候因子的相关分析,讨论了气候因子对高原东部现代表土低频磁化率和频率磁化率的影响。结果表明：研究区表土磁化率特征主要受到温度和降水量的影响,水热组合差异影响表土磁化率值的高低。低频磁化率与气候因子的相关性较弱,总体上与温度的相关性优于降水量,可能表明其与气候因子的关系比较复杂;频率磁化率百分比与降水呈较好的正相关关系,表明该指标对降水量的变化更为敏感,可以用于青藏高原东部的古降水定量重建。 相似文献
5.
Measurements of topsoil magnetic susceptibility are often used for quick assessment of soil contamination of anthropogenic
origin, with heavy metals or other pollutants. However, because of complicated correlations between low-field magnetic susceptibility
(shortened to magnetic susceptibility) of topsoil and soil pollution, the outcome of a field magnetometry survey can not be
related directly to soil pollution. For each case study, the results should be interpreted on their own taking into account
not only the type of pollution but also pedogenic, biogenic and environmental factors. In practice, it is very difficult to
measure and consider all these factors. Here we illustrate the merit of geostatistical methods, which are focused on the spatial
variability of a phenomenon, in the interpretation of soil magnetometry results.
This article presents the analysis of spatial variability of top soil layers magnetic susceptibility-within the Upper Silesia
Industrial Region (USIR)-using semivariance analysis. It also explains how to adjust the sampling density of field magnetometry
measurements to spatial variability of the soil pollution as well as to the spatial scale of the investigated area. For this
purpose, the values of magnetic susceptibility have been measured by using various sampling densities at areas of different
size located within USIR. This enabled to determine the main scales of magnetic susceptibility spatial variability of soils
within USIR using semivariance. A few distinct scales of variability were found from the site scale to a more regional scale.
Variability ranges of 30 km, 12 km, and 5 km refer to the large regional scale, whereas smaller ranges of few hundreds down
to a few tens of meters, can be attributed to the local (site) scale. In addition, the precision of the measuring campaigns,
performed within USIR with different sampling densities, was compared through the analysis of the spatial variability of the
soil magnetic susceptibility signal by using ordinary kriging.
jarek97@yahoo.com, piotr.fabijanczyk@is.pw.edu.pl 相似文献
6.
攀枝花地区不同工业区表层土壤中重金属分布的特征 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
作者在本文中研究了攀枝花地区不同工业区表层土壤中重金属的污染特征及元素组合。结果表明，煤矿区以Cd,Ni,Cu,Zn污染为主，攀钢工业区以Ni,Cu,Cd, Cr污染为主，其它工业区以Cd,Ni污染为主。不同工业区的重金属元素组合特征基本一致，即分为As-Cd-Cu-Ni-Pb和Cr-Zn两组。 相似文献
7.
炎热干旱的澳大利亚中部是现代正在形成红色地表的区域.围绕中部Alice Spring地区采集了一系列红色地表样品.这些红色样品按照岩性大致可以分为三类:砂土、沙丘砂和岩石.通过对这些样品详细的磁学测量,发现这三类样品存在明显磁学特征差异,红色砂土和沙丘砂样品磁化率较岩石样品高出许多(砂土和沙丘砂磁化率均值为93.82× 10-8m3/kg),红色岩石样品磁化率值最低(均值为23.2×10-8m3/kg);三者主要磁性矿物也不尽相同;磁颗粒均以超顺磁(SP)颗粒为主,而单畴(SD)颗粒含量少.研究区百分比频率磁化率xfd％均值为8.28％,较黄土高原西部表土(兰州为3.5％)高出许多.该区现代年降水量约300mm,比兰州(约330mm)还低,成土导致百分比频率磁化率增高却比兰州明显高出几倍.这可能反映了黄土高原表土频率磁化率增高与降水量密切相关;而在澳洲中部可能与持续高温成土条件和作用的时间存在更密切的关系.澳洲中部不论岩石还是表土均以红色为主.磁学实验表明,砂土和沙丘砂样品均以磁铁矿为主,三类样品普遍含一定量磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿的贡献,与地表红色外貌相符.说明澳洲红色地表过程很可能是黑色磁铁矿颗粒表面被长期氧化条件下形成的红色磁赤铁矿/赤铁矿所包裹的现象,使得澳洲中部广大地区岩石露头和地表沉积物,普遍形成一层红色染色层. 相似文献
8.
选取广西北部湾地区表层土壤中As元素为研究对象,采集了7 327个土壤样品,400个岩石样品,分析As、K2O、Na2O、CaO、MgO、SiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3、Mn、Ti、pH和有机碳（SOC）等指标,探讨了土壤成土母岩、成土作用、土壤组成、pH和有机质等对表层土壤As元素的影响。结果表明：As元素平均质量分数为7.96×10-6,为中国土壤背景值0.80倍;风化作用对于As元素的次生富集起到极为重要的作用,明显强于成土母岩As元素背景的影响。Pearson相关分析和主成分分析表明：在土壤组成和土壤性质等因素中,含Al矿物（Al2O3）、含Fe矿物（TFe2O3）、含Si矿物（SiO2）和SOC,对土壤As的富集起到主导作用;pH 和含 Ca矿物（CaO）的作用较弱;而含K矿物（K2O）、含Na矿物（Na2O）和含Mg矿物（MgO）对As的次生富集作用可以忽略不计。 相似文献
9.
Storage and density of soil organic carbon in urban topsoil of hilly cities: A case study of Chongqing Municipality of China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Rapid urbanization results in the conversion of natural soil to urban soil,and consequently,the storage and density of the soil carbon pools change.Taking Chongqing Municipality of China as a study case,this investigation attempts to better understand soil carbon pools in hilly cities.First,the vegetated areas in the study area were derived from QuickBird images.Then,topsoil data from 220 soil samples(0-20 cm) in the vegetated areas were collected and their soil organic carbon(SOC) densities were analyzed.Using the Kriging interpolation method,the spatial pattern of SOC was estimated.The results show that the SOC density exhibited high spatial variability in the urban topsoil of Chongqing.First,the SOC density in topsoil decreased according to slope in the order 2°-6° < 25°-90° < 0°-2° < 6°-15° < 15°-25°.Second,the newly developed areas during 2001-2010 had a lower SOC density than the areas built before 1988.Third,urban parks and gardens had a higher SOC density in topsoil,residential green land followed,and scattered street green land ranked last.For hilly cities,the variability of terrain affects the distribution of SOC.The Kriging results indicate that Kriging method combining slope with SOC density produced a high level of accuracy.The Kriging results show that the SOC density to the north of the Jialing River was higher than the south.The vegetated areas were estimated to amount to 73.5 km2 across the study area with an SOC storage of 0.192 Tg and an average density of 2.61 kg/m2. 相似文献
10.
通过样品采集和室内分析,研究了成都平原区土壤中Cd高含量区的区域分布特征和第四纪分布的空间响应关联。在绵远河、石亭江流域冲积物中存在Cd含量高值区。在同一流域Ⅰ、Ⅱ级阶地→Ⅲ级阶地→Ⅳ级或Ⅴ级阶地冲积物中Cd含量逐渐降低。发育于龙门山的河流(绵远河、石亭江)沉积物Cd含量显著高于其他水系沉积物。Cd高含量分布区与不同级次的阶地相吻合的特征表明其控制因素显著,属于地质作用的产物。这一结论与多数研究者认为的人为因素引起的具有根本区别。 相似文献