南极半岛东北海域表层沉积有机质来源及其沉积环境     

韩喜彬  赵军  初凤友  潘建明  唐灵刚  许冬  边叶萍  葛倩 《海洋学报》2015,37(8):26-38

采用气相色谱-质谱技术对南极半岛东北海域海底表层沉积物的总有机碳、有机质碳同位素(δ13 Corg)和生物标志化合物等进行了测试分析。研究区表层沉积物总有机碳TOC平均值高于现代深海沉积物中的平均含量。δ13 Corg的变化说明该海域有机碳来源呈海洋水生生物来源和陆源混合的特征。正构烷烃的峰型分布、主峰碳、饱和烃轻重比C-21/C+22和(C21+C22)/(C28+C29)、甾烷组合和藿烷组合证实研究区西部表层沉积物有机质来源以陆源高等植物为主,其陆源可能来自于附近的南极半岛和南舍得兰群岛;研究区东部表层沉积物有机质来源偏以海源为主,且以低等浮游生物、藻类及细菌生物等海源输入为主。碳优势指数(Carbon preference index,CPI)、奇偶优势指数(Odd-even Predominance,OEP)和甾烷C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)比值显示研究区D1-7站位和D5-9沉积物有机质演化程度较高,D5-2和D2-4站位的有机质演化程度低,其他站位介于中间状态。饱和烃中姥鲛烷、植烷及其比值(Pr/Ph)等组合显示研究区西部以氧化-弱还原的沉积环境为主,其可能是受高温低盐别林斯高晋海水流和附近火山喷发的影响所致;研究区东部以还原—强还原沉积环境为主,可能是受低温高盐的威德尔底层水(WSBW)和威德尔海深层水(WSDW)影响所致。  相似文献   

20世纪南极菲尔德斯半岛毛皮海豹食谱比例变化的同位素混合模型比较分析     

黄涛  张灿  蔡思盈 《海洋学报》2015,37(8):117-125

稳定同位素比值分析已成功用于示踪动物的食物来源研究,近年来已发展了多个同位素混合模型用于计算混合物中多来源物质的组成比例。本文以过去百年来南极菲尔德斯半岛南极毛皮海豹(Arctocephalus gazella)毛发的C、N同位素数据为基础,运用同位素混合模型中的欧几里得距离法、线性模型和贝叶斯模型进行计算、分析和比较,得到毛皮海豹食谱中南极磷虾(Euphausia superb)、南极电灯鱼(Electrona antarctica)和尼氏裸灯鱼(Gymnoscopelus nicholsi)所占比例随时间的变化趋势。各模型计算得出的结果可分为两组,分别是欧几里得距离法公式(1)和(2)的结果,表现为近百年来毛皮海豹食谱中Euphausia superb比例与其毛发稳定N同位素比值呈同步上升的趋势;第二组为欧几里得距离法公式(3)、线性模型和贝叶斯模型的结果,Euphausia superb比例与毛皮海豹毛稳定N同位素比值呈反相关关系。综合对比研究区域气候、海冰环境变化背景和已有的南极磷虾种群密度调查资料分析,第二组模型结果与实际情况较为相符,可用于讨论食物比例的时间变化趋势。近百年来,菲尔德斯半岛毛皮海豹食谱中Euphausia superb的比例显著下降,很可能是由于区域气候快速变暖和海冰的消退造成的。本文的计算结果指示西南极半岛气候变暖已显著影响到区域海洋食物链变化。  相似文献   

近30a北极平流层臭氧的季节和年际变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘姝媛  朱彬  苏继峰  朱晓欣  得力格尔 《南京气象学院学报》2011,34(5):538-546

综合利用1978-2011年TOMS（Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer）和OMI（Ozone Monitoring Instrument）臭氧总量资料,MLS（Microwave Limb Sounder）臭氧廓线资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析气象场资料,对比研究了近30a南北极臭氧总量的年际变化和季节变化差异,重点分析了2010/2011年冬末春初北极臭氧出现的异常损耗现象,探讨北极春季臭氧低值产生的原因。结果表明：与南极地区一年四季都保持一个臭氧低值中心明显不同,北极臭氧总量的减少则是伴随着整个春夏季（4-8月）,在秋季（10月）达到最低值,冬季（11月-次年2月）北极臭氧快速恢复,这主要是由于南北半球极地地区环流差异和温度差异造成的。南北两极年均O3总量呈下降趋势,两极地区O3总量年际变化最大的季节是春季。近30a,北极在1997和2011年春季（3-4月）分别达到极低值355DU和361DU,但近年来两极臭氧年际变化趋势不明显。2011年春季,北极地区出现的较严重臭氧低值现象从3月中旬至4月中旬持续了近1个月,2010/2011年冬春季平流层低温和臭氧低值对应关系很好。  相似文献   

Review of China's scientific research progress in polar meteorology in the last 30 years     

LU LongHua  BIAN LinGen 《极地研究(英文版)》2011,22(1):1-9

The Antarctic and Arctic are sensitive to global climate change; therefore, they are key regions of global climate change research. This paper, the progress in scientific investigations and research regarding the atmosphere in the polar regions over the last 30 years by Chinese scientists is summarized. Primary understanding of the relationship between the polar regions and global change, especially, the variations in time and space in the Antarctic and Arctic regions with respect to climate change is indicated. Operational weather forecasts for investigation of the polar regions have also been established. Moreover, changes in sea ice and their impact on the atmosphere of polar regions have been diagnosed and simulated. Parameterization of the atmospheric boundary layer of different underlying layers and changes in the atmospheric ozone in the polar region has also been experimented. Overall, there has been great progress in studies of the possible impact of changes in the atmospheric environment of polar regions on circulation in East Asia and the climate of China.  相似文献   

Cold-adaptive alkaline protease from the psychrophilic Planomicrobium sp.547: enzyme characterization and gene cloning     

YANG XiangSheng  CHEN XingLin  XU XianZhong  ZENG RunYing 《极地研究(英文版)》2011,22(1):49-54

A psychrophilic bacterium strain 547 producing cold-adaptive alkaline protease was isolated from the deep sea sediment of Prydz Bay, Antarctica. The organism was identified as a Planomicrobium species by 16S rRNA analysis. The optimal and highest growth temperatures for strain 547 were 15℃ and 30℃, respectively. The extracellular protease was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography. The optimal temperature and pH for the activity of the purified enzyme were 35 ℃ and pH 9.0, respectively. The enzyme retained approximately 40% of its activity after 2 h of incubation at 50℃. The enzymatic activity was inhibited by 1 mmol/L phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride (PMSF) and hydrochloride 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF), indicating that it was a serine protease. The presence of Ca2+ and Mn2+ increased the activity of the enzyme. The protease gene with a size of 1 269 bp was cloned from Planomicrobium sp. 547 using primers designed based on the conserved sequences of proteases in GenBank. The Planomicrobium sp. 547 protease contained a domain belonging to the peptidase S8 family, which has a length of 309 amino acid (AA) residues. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the AA sequence indicated that the protease belonged to the subtilisin family.  相似文献   

近30年中国极地气象科学研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陆龙骅  卞林根 《极地研究》2011,23(1):1-10

南极和北极是地球上的气候敏感地区,也是研究全球变化的关键区域.中国的南极和北极实地科学考察研究,分别始于20世纪80年代和90年代.作为国家行为,到2010年底,已经组织了27次南极考察、4次北极北冰洋考察和7次北极陆地考察;在南北极建立了4个科学考察站、5个(中澳/中美)合作自动气象站;初步形成了以有人考察站、无人自...  相似文献   

南极绕极流区中尺度涡动动能年际变化和转换机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张文霞  孟祥凤 《极地研究》2011,23(1):42-48

采用多种资料研究南大洋南极绕极流(Antarctic Circumpolar Current,ACC)区中尺度涡的年际变化规律及机制.通过分析网格化融合卫星海洋资料AVISO(Archiving,Validation and Interpretation of Satellites Oceanographic DATA...  相似文献   

利用GPS研究南极电离层TEC对太阳耀斑的异常响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孟泱  安家春  王泽民  鄂栋臣 《测绘信息与工程》2010,35(1):1-3

利用了南极地区IGS站和中山站GPS观测数据，计算了太阳耀斑期间的电离层TEC，分析了南极电离层TEC对太阳耀斑的异常响应。  相似文献   

The relationship between the canonical ENSO and the phase transition of the Antarctic oscillation at the quasi-quadrennial timescale     

LIU Changzheng  XUE Feng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(6):26-34

A correlation analysis is performed to investigate the relationship between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Antarctic oscillation (AAO) at the quasi-quadrennial (QQ) timescale.It is found that the cold tongue index (CTI) and the AAO index (AAOI) are negatively correlated with about a 7-month lead-time,while they are positively correlated with about a 15-month lag-time.To further explore this relationship,complex empirical orthogonal function analysis is employed in the QQ sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies from 1951 to 2002.The results indicate that,during the ENSO cycle,there exists one kind of global tropical wave of wavenumber 1 (GTW1) propagating eastward.With the traveling of GTW1,the tropical SLP anomaly tends to intrude into the southern mid-latitudes.Accordingly,three strong signals travel synchronously along the circumSouth-Pacific path,and a relatively weak signal extends eastward and poleward over the South Ocean in the Atlantic-Indian Ocean sector.Following the propagation of these signals,the AAO phase tends to be reversed progressively.As a result,there exists an evident lead-lag correlation between CTI and AAOI.It can be concluded that ENSO plays a key role in the phase transition of AAO at the QQ timescale.It is also noticed that this regular relationship is only evident in the canonical ENSO events,for which sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies extend westward from the tropical eastern Pacific.On the other hand,the similar relationships are not found among those atypical ENSO events for which SST anomalies spread eastward from the central Pacific,such as the 1982-1983 ENSO event.  相似文献   

南极验潮进展及中山站验潮策略   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

鄂栋臣  黄继锋 《极地研究》2008,20(4):363-370

介绍了潮汐观测的方法、最新成果以及南极验潮的进展;分析了南极中山站潮汐观测现状,考虑了南极特殊的自然环境,并参考南极其他站的经验,为改进中山站目前的验潮系统提出了可行方案。  相似文献