An approach for quantifying geomorphological impacts for EIA of transportation infrastructures: a case study in northern Spain   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jaime Bonachea  Viola Maria Bruschi  Juan Remondo  Alberto Gonzlez-Díez  Luis Salas  Jurjen Bertens  Antonio Cendrero  Csar Otero  Cecilia Giusti  Andrea Fabbri  Jos Ramn Gonzlez-Lastra  Jos María Aramburu 《Geomorphology》2005,66(1-4):95

A methodological proposal for the assessment of impacts due to linear infrastructures such as motorways, railways, etc. is presented. The approach proposed includes a series of specific issues to be addressed for each geomorphological feature analysed—both ‘static’ and ‘dynamic’—as well as a series of steps to be followed in the process.Geomorphic characteristics potentially affected were initially identified on the basis of a conceptual activities/impacts model that helps to single out geomorphic impacts related to environmental concerns for the area. The following issues were addressed for each individual impact: nature of potential effects; indicators that can be used to measure impacts; criteria of ‘geomorphologic performance’; procedure for measurement/prediction of changes; translation of geomorphologic impacts into significant terms from the viewpoint of human concerns; possible mitigation and/or compensation measures.The procedure has been applied to a case study corresponding to a new motorway in the Basque Country, northern Spain. Geomorphological impacts considered in this analysis included: (1) consumable resources; (2) sites of geomorphological interest; (3) land units with high potential for use, high productivity or value for conservation; (4) visual landscape; (5) slope instability processes. The procedure has been designed for implementation in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Details are given on the application of the method to each individual impact analysed and results are presented in both numerical and map form.Impacts assessed were initially expressed by means of heterogeneous magnitudes, depending on the geomorphological feature considered. Those geomorphological impacts were then translated into significant terms and homogeneous magnitudes. Integration was carried out on the basis of impact values thus obtained. Final integrated results were also expressed in numerical and map form.The method proposed enables comparison of alternatives as well as ‘prediction’ and assessment of impacts in terms directly related to geomorphic characteristics. It also facilitates the expression of those impacts in terms that allow integration with other types of environmental impacts.  相似文献   

Assessment of human health impact from exposure to multiple air pollutants in China based on satellite observations     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

Assessment of human health impact caused by air pollution is crucial for evaluating environmental hazards. In this paper, concentrations of six air pollutants (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, O₃, and CO) were first derived from satellite observations, and then the overall human health risks in China caused by multiple air pollutants were assessed using an aggregated health risks index. Unlike traditional approach for human health risks assessment, which relied on the in-situ air pollution measurements, the spatial distribution of aggregated human health risks in China were obtained using satellite observations in this research. It was indicated that the remote sensing data have advantages over in-situ data in accessing human health impact caused by air pollution.  相似文献   

A proposal for restructuring Descriptor 3 of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)     

《Marine Policy》2016

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河南省气温资料均一化前后气温变化趋势对比分析     

姬兴杰  丁亚磊  李凤秀  左璇 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(1):43-52

基于河南省111个气象站1961—2017年均一化前后逐日平均气温数据,采用统计分析方法,分析均一化前后河南省年、四季和月的平均气温变化规律及其空间分布,以期明确非自然因素对河南省平均气温变化趋势的影响。结果表明：1961—2017年,均一化前后河南省年平均气温均呈显著上升,均一化后增温速率为0.21℃/10 a,较均一化前偏大0.02;季节之间,均一化前后均以冬季增温速率最大,均一化前后分别为0.36℃/10 a和0.38℃/10 a;月份之间,均一化前后均以2月增温速率最大,分别为0.49℃/10 a和0.51℃/10 a。从各站看,全省有41.4%的站点平均气温变化未受到非自然因素的影响,其余58.6%的站点受非自然因素影响较大;对于年平均气温,均一化后有96.4%站点气温显著上升,均一化前为90.1%,增加了6.3%,58.6%的站点中有43.3%的站点气候倾向率被低估、15.3%被高估;对于季节平均气温,均一化后冬春两季均有99.1%的站点平均气温显著上升,均一化前分别为98.2%和92.8%;对于月平均气温,均一化前,12个月中月平均气温增温显著的站点超过50%的月份有2月、3月、4月、10月和12月,均一化后,又增加了个1月;非自然因素对平均气温数据的影响导致了对全省气温变暖速率的低估。  相似文献   

气候变化对长江上游径流影响预估     

秦鹏程  刘敏  杜良敏  许红梅  刘绿柳  肖潺 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(4):405-415

利用第五次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)中5个气候模式在3种典型浓度路径(RCPs)下的预估结果驱动SWAT水文模型,预估了21世纪气候变化对长江上游年径流量、季节分配以及极端径流的影响。结果表明：预估的长江上游平均气温呈显著上升趋势,21世纪末较当前(1986—2005年)升高1.5~5.5℃,降水总体呈增加趋势,在21世纪30年代后高于当前气候平均值,21世纪末相对于当前增加5%~15%。流域内气候变化存在明显空间差异,金沙江和岷沱江流域气温升高和降水增加幅度均大于流域平均值。预估的长江上游年径流量及各月平均径流均有增加趋势,在21世纪30年代后高于当前多年平均值,21世纪中期增加4%~8%,21世纪末增加10%~15%。预估的径流年内分布的均匀性有所增加,但年际变化明显增大,极端旱涝事件的频率和强度明显增加。预估的各子流域径流变化对气候变化的响应也存在差异,金沙江和岷沱江流域年径流量、年际变化和年内分布变化小,对气候变化的响应表现为低敏感;嘉陵江流域、乌江流域和长江上游干流径流增加幅度大,同时极端丰枯出现的频率和程度增加显著,是气候变化响应的敏感区域。  相似文献   

1989 Datong-Yanggao Earthquake with Ms=6.1     

Liu Wei  An Weiping  Zhao XinpmgSetomological Bureau of Shanxi Province  Taiyuan  China 《中国地震研究》1994,(3)

In this paper,the basic conditions and characteristics of the Datong-Yanggao earthquake are described in detail.The type of the earthquake,the aftershock activity,the earthquake trend,the characteristics of damage are analyzed and discussed.This earthquake belongs to a sequence of earthquake swarm type and is of the concentratedly occurring characteristics of several main shocks in a time sequence,and the aftershock activity was normally attenuated.Because of the unreasonable design of buildings and repeated vibration by several destructive main shocks within a short period,the damage in the high intensity region was aggravated.The analysis and the prediction procedure of the 1991 Datong-Yanggao earthquake(Ms=5.8)are also briefly given.  相似文献   

Is there a metric for mineral deposit occurrence probabilities?     

Lawrence J. Drew  W. David Menzie 《Natural Resources Research》1993,2(2):92-105

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稀土元素地球化学在锡矿床成因及找矿研究中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡宏渊 《矿产与地质》1991,(4)

研究锡矿床中花岗岩、赋矿地层、蚀变岩石和锡石的稀土地球化学特征,来探讨各类锡矿床成因.并总结了花岗岩成矿性评价的稀土地球化学定量标志.  相似文献   

光石沟花岗伟晶岩型铀矿小型重选试验及技术经济初步评价     

孙志富  冯明月 《铀矿地质》1994,10(6):334-342

光石沟花岗伟晶岩型铀矿小型重选试验为工业利用花岗伟晶岩铀矿床的矿石，特别是低品位矿石方面开拓了新的途径。试验证明重选法在回收花岗伟晶岩型铀矿床矿石的铀以及回收副产品和防止环境污染等方面均优于湿法冶炼，并有好的经济效益。  相似文献   

沙漠化评价基本理论初探   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

李振山  王一谋 《中国沙漠》1994,14(2):84-89

沙漠化评价的原则、内容和方法紧密联系。沙漠化研究内容决定其评价内容。沙漠化地图的合适信息负载量，决定各种比例尺的沙漠化评价指征的详细程度，也决定沙漠化分级数与分类数。分级数的下限是沙漠化允许值。  相似文献